被動語態(tài)超全課件

.

thePassiveVoice

（被動語態(tài)）文綜之家

.（被動語態(tài)）文綜之家http://www1二．被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

be+過去分詞（人稱.數(shù).時(shí)態(tài)的變化都體現(xiàn)在助動詞be的變化上）PASSIVEVOICE一．

語態(tài)語態(tài)是表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系的。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，動詞要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞就要用被動語態(tài)。二．被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)PASSIVEVOICE一．語態(tài)2一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)Ireadbooks.主語謂語賓語Booksarereadbyme.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的大體構(gòu)成：

Be+PastParticiple（過去分詞）一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)Ire3

1.Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

2.He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

Be要隨著主語變邏輯主語by來引文綜之家

1.Tombrokethewindow.

241.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

am/is/are+過去分詞1.Theymakeshoesinthat5Exercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.Exercise:Themotorbikeisridd62.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時(shí)被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

was/were+過去分詞2.Theyboughttencompu7

Exercise:He

boughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.Exercise:Somefruitswerebo83.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

am/is/are+being+PP3.Someworkersarepaintingt9Exercise:They

areholding

asportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeeting

isbeingheld

(bythem)now.Exercise:Asportsmeetingisb10Exercise:Theyareplayingvolleyballnow.Volleyballisbeingplayed(bythem)nowExercise:Volleyballisbeingp114.She

wasinterviewing

thefamousmanatthistimeyesterday.Thefamousmanwasbeinginterviewedbyher

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

was/were+being+PP4.Shewasinterviewingthef12Exercise:Hewasplayingbasketballat8:00lastnight.Basketballwasbeingplayedat8:00yesterday.Exercise:Basketballwasbeing135.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時(shí)被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

will+be+過去分詞5.Theywillfinishtheworkin14Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.begoingto+be+ppTheyaregoingtohaveaneven15Exercise:Thegirlwillfinishherhomeworkintwentyminutes.Herhomeworkwillbefinished(bythegirl)intwentyminutes.Exercise:Herhomeworkwillbe166.Hesaidtheworkers

wouldbuild

anewschoolintwoweeks.Hesaidanewschool

wouldbebuiltintwoweeks.過去將來時(shí)被動構(gòu)成：

would+be+pp6.Hesaidtheworkerswouldb17They

wouldhave

apartythenextday.Aparty

wouldbehad

(bythem)thenextday.Theywouldhaveapartythen187.Aby

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAby.情態(tài)動詞變被動：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞7.AbycantakegoodcareofT19Exercise:Hemaycarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketmaybe

easilycarriedbyhim.Exercise:Thebasketmaybeeas20Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.Theycansingsomebeautifuls218.We

havemade

twentykeys．Twentykeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

have/has+been+過去分詞8.Wehavemadetwentykeys22Exercise:Workers

havebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.Exercise:Thehousehasbeenbu239.We

hadseen

thisfilmbeforeyoucamehere.Thisfilm

hadbeenseen

byusbeforeyoucamehere.過去完成時(shí)被動結(jié)構(gòu)：

had+been+PP9.Wehadseenthisfilmbefore24Exercise:Thedoctorknewthathehadknownhisproblem.—Thedoctorknewthathisproblemhadbeenknownbyhim.Exercise:—Thedoctorknewthat25表格：被動態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/will/begoingtobedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeen

donehadbeen

done表格：被動態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)am/is/aredonewas/we26Exercises:一.選擇填空:Windows

ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse

in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan

forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCAExercises:CCA274.Watches____Shanghai.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhouA.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA4.Watches____Shanghai.AA281.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.(間賓作主）He

gave

me

abook.(變被動）主語謂語間賓直賓2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.1.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.29Mymother

bought

me

abirthdaycake.

主語謂語間賓直賓1.Iwasboughtabirthdaycakebymymother.2.Abirthdaycakewasbought

forme

bymymother.Mymotherboughtmeabirthd30變?yōu)楸粍訒r(shí)，間賓前加to的帶有雙賓語的動詞有：14個(gè)bring,teach,pass,hand,give,lend,refuse,leave,promise,tell,return,show,send,write.變?yōu)楸粍訒r(shí)，間賓前加for的帶有雙賓語的動詞有：5個(gè)buy,get,do,pay,sing.變?yōu)楸粍訒r(shí)，間賓前加to的帶有雙賓語的動詞有：14個(gè)變?yōu)楸?11.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(開辦)2.Theyoungtreesmust__________________well.(照顧)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(寫)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(舉行)inBeijingin2008.wasopened

belookedafterWasbuilt

waswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2032Answerrightorwrong

1.必須照看好孩子們。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.這本書是魯迅寫的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWRAnswerrightorwrong

WRWRWR334.這輛自行車能修嗎？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他們清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWR4.這輛自行車能修嗎？WRWR34必背！動詞短語的被動語態(tài)takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafter必背！動詞短語的被動語態(tài)takecareof→be35(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….(2)seesb.doingsth.36四．幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化．１帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)．（１）makesb.dosth.

sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.四．幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化．１帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)．37一感二聽三使四看feel/hearlistento/makehavelet/lookseewatchnoticeobserve這十大動詞在主動句中動詞用原形，但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)必須加上to巧記：這些動詞為“五看三使役，兩聽一感覺”一感二聽三使四看feel/hearlistento38使用口訣：感使動詞真奇怪，to在句子像妖怪。主動句里to走開，被動句里to回來。動詞let要除外，to詞可來可不來。使用口訣：39Theysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.類似的還有：

Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......WereportTheysaidthathewouldcomeb40不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：2)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)?！菊縇ookattheblackboard，please．【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：2)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)41語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)

語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問題保留賓語Anewcompu425.—Doyoulikethematerial?

—Yes,it

(feel)verysoft.

感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，smell,look,seem,taste,sound等。feels下列情況主動句不能改為被動句Thefoodtastesdelicious.

誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

5.—Doyoulikethematerial?436.Thiskindofcloth

(wash)well.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。washes7.WorldWarII

(breakout)

in1937.brokeout表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”等的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,last,cometrue,runout,turnout,belongto等以主動形式表示被動意義。

8.Theshop

(open)at6am.everyday．表示“開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run...)opens6.Thiskindofcloth449.(1)Thebuilding

nextyearisournewlibrary(2)Thebuilding

nowisournewlibrary.(3)Thebuilding

lastyearisournewlibrary.tobebuiltbeingbuiltbuilt

非謂語動詞的被動形式

beingdone(表動作正在被進(jìn)行)

havingbeendone(表動作已經(jīng)被進(jìn)行)

tobedone(表動作將要被做)

tohavebeendone(表動作到將來某時(shí)將已經(jīng)被完成)

done(表動作已經(jīng)被完成)

(build)非謂語動詞的被動情況9.(1)Thebuilding4510.Yourjacketneeds

.(wash)want/need/require作“需要”講時(shí)后接動名詞作賓語時(shí)，用主動式表被動義；當(dāng)然也可接不定式的被動式作賓語。washingtobewashed11.Thebookisworth

.(read)beworth后常接動名詞，用主動表示被動義．readingwant/need/require作“需要”講時(shí)后接動名詞作4612.Thebookisdifficult

(understand)反射不定式，不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語,且和句子的主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時(shí),用主動式表被動義。

(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,light,comfortable,safe)tounderstand13.Iwillgivehimsomething

(drink)不定式作后置定語,與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí),用主動式表被動義。todrink反射不定式，不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語,且和句子的主語(或賓471.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin483.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe

floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook

intime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl495.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon507.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8