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PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

PARTIIPROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION

ThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsa

maximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-read

thepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:

Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneinthe

blankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha"八"signand

writethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendofthe

line.

Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslashandput

thewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.

ClassicIntentionMovement

Insocialsituations,theclassicIntentionMovementis"thechair-

grasp^.Hostandguesthavebeentalkingforsometime,butnow

thehosthasanappointmenttokeepandcangetaway.Hisurge

(1)

togoisheldincheckbyhisdesirenotberudetohisguest.Ifhe

(2)

didnotcareofhisguestsfeelingshewouldsimplygetupoutof

(3)

hischairandtoannouncehisdeparture.Thisiswhathisbody

(4)

wantstodo,thereforehispolitenessglueshisbodytothechair

(5)

andrefusestolethimraise.Itisatthispintthatheperforms

(6)

thechairasabouttopushhimselfupwards.Thisisthefirstact

(7)

hewouldmakeifhewererising.Ifhewerenothesitating,it

(8)

wouldonlylastafractionofthesecond.Hewouldlearn,push,

(9)

rise,andbeup.Butnow,instead,itlastsmuchlonger.He

holdshis〃readiness-torise“postandkeepsonholdingit.Itisas

(10)

ifhisbodyhadfrozenattheget-readymoment.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSIONS

Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteen

multiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagescarefullyandthenwriteyouranswers

onthespacegiven.

TEXTA

Amagazinesdesignismorethandecoration,morethansimplepackaging.It

expressesthemagazinesverycharacter.TheAtlanticMonthlyhaslongattemptedto

provideadesignenvironmentinwhichtwodisparatetraditionsliteraryand

journalisticcanco-existinpleasurabledignity.Theredesignthatwe

introducewiththisissuetheworkofourartdirector,JudyGarlan

represents,wethink,anotableenhancementofthatenvironment.Garlanexplains

someofwhatwasinhermindasshebegantocreatethenewdesign:"Isawthisas

anopportunitytobringthelookclosertomatchingtheeleganceandpowerofthe

writingwhichthemagazineisknownfor.Theoveralldesignhastobeableto

encompassagreatdiversityofstylesandsubjectsurgentpiecesofreporting,

seriousessays,lighterpieces,lifestyle-orientedpieces,shortstories,poetry.

Wedontwantlighterpiecestoseemtooheavy,andwedontwantheavierpiecesto

seemtoopretty.Wealsouseabroadrangeofartandphotography,andthedesign

hastoworkwellwiththat,too.Atthesametime,themagazineneedstohavea

consistentfeel,needstounderscorethesensethateverythinginitispartofone

Atlanticworld.TheprimarytypefacesGarlanchoseforthistaskareTimesRoman,

foramorereadablebodytype,andBauerBodoni,foramorestylishandflexible

displaytype(articletitles,largeinitials,andsoon).Otheraspectsofthenew

designarestructural.Thearticlesinthefrontofthemagazine,whichonceflowed

intooneanother,nowstandontheirown,togainprominence.TheTravelcolumn,

nowfeaturedineveryissue,hasbeenmovedfromthebacktothefront.Asnoted

inthisspacelastmonth,theword"Monthly"rejoins“TheAtlantic"onthecover,

afteradecade-longabsence.JudyGarlancametotheAtlanticin1981afterhaving

servedastheartdirectorofseveralothermagazines.Duringhertenureherethe

Atlantichaswonmorethan300awardsforvisualexcellence,fromtheSocietyof

illustrators,theAmericanInstituteofGraphicArts,theArtDirectorsClub,

CommunicationArts,andelsewhere.Garlanwasinvariouswaysassistedinthe

redesignbytheentireart-departmentstaff:RobinGilmore,Barnes,BetsyUrrico,

GillianKahn,andLisaManning.TheartistNicholasGaetanocontributedaswell:

heredrewourcolophon(thefigureofNeptunethatappearsonthecontentspage)

andcreatedthesymbolsthatwillappearregularlyonthispage(arenditionofour

building),onthePuzzlerpage,abovetheopeningofletters,andonthemasthead.

Gaetano,whoseworkmanagestocombinestylishclarityandbreezystrength,isthe

coverartistforthisissue.

11.PartofthenewdesignistobeconcernedwiththefollowingEXCEPT

A)variationinthetypefaces.

B)reorganizationofarticlesinthefront.

C)creationofthetravelcolumn.

D)reinstatementofitsformername.

12.Accordingtothepassage,thenewdesignworkinvolves

A)otherartistsaswell.

B)otherwritersaswell.

C)onlythecoverartist.

D)onlytheartdirector.

13.Thisarticleaimsto

A)emphasizetheimportanceofamagazine'sdesign.

B)introducethemagazine*sartdirector.

C)persuadethereadertosubscribetothemagazine.

D)informthereaderofitsnewdesignandfeatures.

TEXTB

WHYSHOULDanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryof

NationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.But

itwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic

22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,it

willbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,

itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yet

in10yearstimearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionary

ofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tells

methathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrent

DNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.WhenDrNicholls

wrotetotheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlooked

upintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome

100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento"otherqualitynewspapers"too.)

Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblems

ofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidntfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomany:

50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingDrNicholls.Thereremainsthe

dinner-partygameofwhosout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedand

willcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginal

editionoftheDNBboasted:Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinterest

havereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhad

similaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippen

isout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinstead

ofChristiewasaforceintherepealofcapitalpunishmentinBritain,asLudovie

Kennedy(theauthorofChristieentryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippen

wasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescaped

byshiptoAmerica).ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynot

verymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartists

andarchitectsfromtheMiddleAges.Abouttheir1ivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBurySt.Edmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthand

deatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments/'WhetherornotHugowasa

wall-painter,therecordsfhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattest

tohisversatility^.Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againstthe

originalDBNs3),suchasRoyStrongssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,

ofwhomheremarks:hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoo

small,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory，z.Doesnt

seemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.Yetitmaybebetterthantherecordof

theoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin)

andevenmanagedtogivethankstoJ.W.Clerkeasacontributor,though,asalater

editionadmitsinashamefacedfootnote,“exceptfortheentryintheListof

ContributorsthereisnotraceofJ.W.Clerke”.

14.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume

A)becauseitisnotworththeprice.

B)becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore.

C)unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection.

D)unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly.

15.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggest

that

A)theeditorshadclearrulestofollow.

B)thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C)theeditorsclearlyfavouredbenefactors.

D)theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices.

16.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB

A)becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B)becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished.

C)forreasonsnotclarified.

D)becauseoftheeditors'mistake.

17.Theauthorquotedafewentriesinthelastparagraphto

A)illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB.

B)giveemphasistohisargument.

C)impressthereaderwithitscontent.

D)highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges.

18.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter'stonetowardstheDNBwas

A)complimentary.

B)supportive.

C)sarcastic.

D)bitter.

TEXTC

Medicalconsumerismlikeallsortsofconsumerism,onlymoremenacingly

isdesignedtobeunsatisfying.Theprolongationoflifeandthesearchfor

perfecthealth(beauty,youth,happiness)areinherentlyself-defeating.Thelaw

ofdiminishingreturnsnecessarilyapplies.Youcanmakehigherpercentagesof

peoplesurviveintotheireightiesandnineties.Butasanygeriatricwardshows,

thatisnotthesameastoconferenduringmobility,awarenessandautonomy.

Extendinglifegrowsmedicallyfeasible,butitisoftenalifedeprivedof

everything,andoneexposedtodegradingneglectasresourcesgrowover-stretched

andpoliticsturnmean.Whatanignominiousdestinyformedicineifitsfutureturned

intooneofbestowingmeagreincrementsofunenjoyedlife!Itwouldmirrorthefate

ofathletics,inwhichdisproportionateenergiesandresourcesnotleast

medicalones,likeillegalsteroidsarenowinvestedtoshaverecordsby

millisecondsAnd,itgoeswithoutsaying,thelogicalextensionoflongevism

the“abolition"ofdeathwouldnotbeasolutionbutonlyanexacerbation.To

airthesepredicamentsisnotanti-medicalspleenachurlishreprisalagainst

medicineforitsvictoriesbutsimplytofacethegrowingrealityofmedical

powernotexactlywithoutresponsibilitybutwithdissolvinggoals.Hencemedicines

finesthourbecomesthedawnofitsdilemmas.Forcenturies,medicinewasimpotent

andhenceunproblematic.FromtheGreekstotheGreatWar,itsjobwassimple:to

strugglewithlethaldiseasesandgrossdisabilities,toensurelivebirths,and

tomanagepain.Itperformedtheseuncontroversialtasksbyandlargewithmeagre

success.Today,withmissionaccomplished,medicinestriumphsaredissolvingin

disorientation.Medicinehasledtovastlyinflatedexpectations,whichthepublic

haseagerlyswallowed.Yetastheseexpectationsgrowun-limited,theybecome

unfulfillable.Thetaskfacingmedicineinthetwenty-firstcenturywillbeto

redefineitslimitsevenasitextenditscapacities.

19.Intheauthor'sopinion,theprolongationoflifeisequalto

A)mobility.

B)deprivation.

C)autonomy.

D)awareness.

20.Inthesecondparagraphacomparisonisdrawnbetween

A)medicineandlife.

B)resourcesandenergies.

C)predicamentsandsolutions.

D)athleticsandlongevism.

TEXTD

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestination

tobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthto

beaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelatively

cheaphalf-daysflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.

Chile,therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravellers

thatitisworthcominghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,not

onlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWesternEuropebutinnewterritories,

inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.

Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbour,Argentina,

wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chile

seestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmore

seriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepolitically

withintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.In

Peru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustry

andfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroas

adreamdestinationforforeigners.Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolved

inChilestouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS950million

eachyear.Thestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberof

privatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworld-widecampaign,takingpartintrade

fairsandinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.Chilesgreatstrength

asatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacama

DesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000km

long.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboasts

naturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuch

asVinadelMararegenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.

ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentski

resortswithinonehoursdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksin

thesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattract

specialistvisitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnically

difficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregionsrivers.

However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.Theskiresortsdo

nothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandpartpoorqualityofroads

inthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravellersseethebestofthe

nationalparks.AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,

relativelypoor.WhileChilestwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithin

SouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmal1numberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhile

servicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeing

improvedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.Noris

developmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChilesAntarctic

TerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreate

touristmarkets.Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourism

isnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,including

Greenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecome

over-developed.ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsufferthecultural

destructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.Thepolicyofopeningup

Antarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanent

settlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisiontoallowtouriststhereas

apoliticalmove,enhancingSantiagosterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.

TheChileanGovernmenthaspromisedtorespecttheenvironmentasitseekstobring

tourismpotential.TheGovernmentwillhavetomonitordevelopmentscloselyifit

isgenuinelyconcernedincreatingabalanced,controlledindustryandiftheprice

ofanincreasinglylucrativetouristmarketisnotgoingtomeanthelossofmany

ofChilesnaturalriches.

21.Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourismby

A)geographicallocation.

B)guerrillawarfare.

C)politicalinstability.

D)streetcrime.

22.ManyofChilestouristsusedtocomefromEXCEPT

A)USA

B)theFarEast.

C)westernEurope.

D)herneighbours.

23.Accordingtotheauthor,Chile'sgreatestattractionis

A)theunspoiltbeaches.

B)thedryandhotdesert.

C)thefamousmountainrange.

D)thehighstandardofservices.

24.Accordingtothepassage,inWHICHareaimprovementisalreadyunderway?

A)Facilitiesintheskiresorts.

B)Domestictransportsystem.

C)AirservicestoAsia.

D)Roadnetworkinthesouth.

25.TheobjectiontothedevelopmentofChile'stourismmightbeallEXCEPTthat

it

A)isambitiousandunrealistic.

B)ispoliticallysensitive.

C)willbringharmtoculture.

D)willcausepollutioninthearea.

SECTIONBSKIMMINGANDSCANNING

Inthissectiontherearesevenpassagesfollowedbytenmultiple-choice

questions.SkimorscanthemasrequiredandthenmarkyouranswersonyourColoured

AnswerSheet.

TEXTE

Firstreadthequestion.

26.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto

A.illustratethefeaturesofwillpower.

B.introducewaystobuildupwillpower.

C.explaintheadvantagesofwillpower.

D.definetheessenceofwillpower.

Now,gothroughthetextquicklyandanswerthequestion.

Willpowerisntsomeimmutabletraitwereeitherbornwithornot.Itisaskill

thatcanbedeveloped,strengthenedandtargetedtohelpusachieveourgoals.

''Fundamentalamongmansinnerpowersisthetremendousunrealizedpotencyofmans

ownwill,zzwroteItalianpsychologistRobertoAssagioli25yearsago."Thetrained

willisamasterfulweapon,z/addedAlanMarlattoftheUniversityofWashington,

apsychologistwhoisstudyinghowwillpowerhelpspeoplebreakhabitsandchange

theirlives."Thedictionarydefineswillpowerascontrolofonesimpulsesand

actions.Thekeywordsarepowerandcontrol.Thepoweristheir,butyouhaveto

controlit."Here,fromMarlattandotherexperts,ishowtodothat:Bepositive.

Dontconfusewillpowerwithself-denial.Willpowerismostdynamicwhenappliedto

positive,upliftingpurposes.Positivewillpowerhelpsusovercomeinertiaandfocus

onthefuture.Whenthegoinggetstough,visualizeyourselfhappilyandbusily

engagedinyourgoal,andyou11keepworkingtowardit.Makeupyourmind.James

Prochaska,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofRhodeIsland,hasidentified

fourstagesinmakingachange.HecalIsthemprecontemplation(resistingthechange),

contemplation(weighingtheprosandconsofthechange),action(exercising

willpowertomakethechange),andmaintenance(usingwillpowertosustainthe

change).Somepeopleare"chroniccontemplators,Prochaskasays.Theyknowthey

shouldreducetheirdrinkingbutwillhaveonemorecocktailwhiletheyconsider

thematter.Theymayneverputcontemplationintoaction.Tofocusandmobilizeyour

efforts,setadeadline.Sharpenyourwill.In1915,psychologistBoydBarrett

suggestedalistofrepetitivewill-trainingactivities-steppingupanddownfrom

achair30times,spillingaboxofmatchesandcarefullyreplacingthemonebyone.

Theseexercises,hemaintained,strengthenthewillsoitcanconfrontmore

consequentialanddifficultchallenges.NewJerseySen.BillBradleywasa

basketballwiththechampionNewYorkKnicks.Ontopofregularpractice,healways

wenttothegymearlyandpractisedfoulshotsalone.Hewasdeterminedtobethe

bestformofthefoulline.Truetohisgoal,hedevelopedthehighestpercentage

ofsuccessfulfreethrowsonhisteam.Expecttrouble.Thesaying"Wheretheresa

will,theresaway"isnotthewholetruth.Giventhewill,youstillhaveto

anticipateobstaclesandplanhowtodealwiththem.Whenprofessorofpsychology

SaulShiffmanoftheUniversityofPittsburghworkedwithreformedsmokerswhosgone

backtocigarettes,hefoundthatmanyofthemhadntconsideredhowtheydcopewith

theurgetosmoke.Theyhadsummonedthestrengthtoquit,butcouldntremain

disciplined.Thefirsttimetheywereofferedacigarette,theywentbacktosmoking.

Ifyouvgivenupalcohol,rehearseyouranswerforwhenyoureofferedadrink.If

youreexpectingtojogbutwakeuptoastorm,haveanindoorworkoutprogramready.

Berealistic.Thestrongestwillmayfalterwhenthegoalistolose50poundsin

threemonthsortoexercisethreehoursaday.Addfailureundercutsyourdesire

totryagain.Sometimesitsbesttosetaseriesofsmallgoalsinsteadofasingle

bigone.AsintheAlcoholicsAnonymousslogan“Onedayatatime,“divideyour

objectiveintoone-daysegments,thenrenewyourresolvethenextday.Attheend

ofaweek,you11haveaseriesoftriumphstolookbackon.Bepatient.Astrong

willdoesntdevelopovernight.Ittakesshapeinincrements,andtherecanbe

setbacks.Figureoutwhatcausedyoutobackslide,andredoubleyourefforts.When

afriendofourstriedtogiveupcigarettesthefirsttime,shefailed.Analyzing

herrelapse,sherealizedsheneededtodosomethingwithherhands.Onhersecond

try,shetookupknittingandbroughtoutneedlesandyarneverytimeshewastempted

tolightup.Withinmonthsshehadknittedasweaterforherhusbandandseemed

tobeoffcigarettesforgood.Keepitup.Astrongwillbecomesstrongereachtime

itsucceeds.Ifyouvesuccessfullymusteredthewillpowertokickabadhabitor

leaveadead-endjob,yougainconfidencetoconfrontotherchallenges.Arecord

ofsuccessfostersaninnervoiceofconfidencethat,inthewordsofAssagioli,

givesyou“afirmfootontheedgeoftheprecipice.Youmayfacemoredifficult

tasks,butyouveconqueredbefore,andyoucanconqueragain.

26.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto

A)illustratethefeaturesofwillpower.

B)introducewaystobuildupwillpower.

C)explaintheadvantagesofwillpower.

D)definetheessenceofwillpower.

TEXTF

Firstreadthequestion.

27.Themessageofthepassageisthatsharescannowbesold

A.throughthecomputer.

B.intheshop.

C.atthebank.

D.throughthemail.

Now,gothroughthetextquicklyandanswerthequestion.

Investorsseekingacheap,no-frillswaytosellprivatisationsharesneedlook

nofurtherthanthepostbox.Moststockbrokersofferbargain-basementdealson

postaltrades.Theyareidealforsellingasmallholdingforthelowestpossible

commission.ButthearrangementsleaveinvestorsatthemercyoftheRoyalMailand

asellerwillnotknowinadvancehowmuchasalewillproduce.Dataprocessing

engineerMarkStanistreetofBradfordsoldbypostafterbuyingafewNationalPower

andPowerGenshareswhentheywereprivatised.Hesays:〃Ididntreallyknowwhere

togotoforhelp.AninformationslipwiththesharesgavedetailsofYorkshire

BuildingSocietysshareshopservice,whichofferedtosellforaflatfeeof?.

〃Itwasanidealfirststepthatshowedmehoweasyandcheapitistosellshares.

Ihavebeeninvestinginasmallwaysincethen.〃IuseYorkshirestelephoneservice,

whichhasa?minimumfee.〃Manystockbrokersofferpostaldealsaspartoftheir

usualdealingservices,butclientsmaynormallysellonlybigcompanyor

privatisationsharesthisway.ShareLinksminimumpostalcommissionis7.50,Skipton

BuildingSocietysis9andNatWestsis9.95.

27.Themessageofthepassageisthatsharescannowbesold______

A)throughthecomputer.

B)intheshop.

C)atthebank.

D)throughthemail.

TEXTG

Firstreadthequestion.

28.Inthepassagetheauthorsattitudetowardsthesubjectunderdiscussion

is

A.factual.

B.critical.

C.favourable.

D.ambiguous.

Now,gothroughthetextquicklyandanswerthequestion.

Withincreasingprosperity,WesternEuropeanyouthishavingaflingthatis

creatingdistinctiveconsumerandculturalpatterns.Theresulthasbeenthe

increasingemergenceinEuropeofthatphenomenonwellknowninAmericaasthe"youth

market.〃Thisisamarketinwhichenterprisingbusinessescatertothedemandsof

teenagersandolderyouthsinalltheirrockmaniaandpop-artforms.InWestern

Europe,theyouthmarketmayappropriatelybesaidtobeinitsinfancy.Insome

countriessuchasBritain,WestGermanyandFrance,itismoreadvancedthaninothers.

Somemanifestationsofthesubjectoforganizedconsumerresearchandpromotion.

CharacteristicsoftheevolvingEuropeanyouthmarketindicatedissimilaritiesas

wellassimilaritiestotheAmericanyouthmarket.Thesimilarities:Themarkets

basisisessentiallythesamemorespendingpowerandfreedomtouseitinthe

handsofteenagersandolderyouth.Youngconsumersalsom