跨文化交流權(quán)利距離-課件

PowerDistanceIPowerDistanceI1CulturalDimensions

文化緯度理論文化跨度理論是跨文化理論中至今最具影響力的一個(gè)理論，由荷蘭管理學(xué)者郝夫斯特（Hofstede）提出。通過對各國的IBM員工的調(diào)查研究，郝夫斯特發(fā)現(xiàn)有五大因素可以幫助我們區(qū)分民族文化對雇員的工作價(jià)值觀和工作態(tài)度的影響。

CulturalDimensions

文化緯度理論文化跨度2五大因素(5culturaldimensions)權(quán)力距離指數(shù)（PowerDistanceIndex縮寫為PDI）個(gè)人主義指數(shù)（Individualism縮寫為IDV）男性主義指數(shù)（Masculinity縮寫為MAS）不確定因素的規(guī)避指數(shù)（UncertaintyAvoidanceIndex縮寫為UAI）長期取向指數(shù)（Long-TermOrientation縮寫為LTO）

五大因素(5culturaldimensions)權(quán)3跨文化交流權(quán)利距離-課件4跨文化交流權(quán)利距離-課件5跨文化交流權(quán)利距離-課件6Forreferences,youcangotothefollowingwebsitetocheckoutmoredetailsanddifferentscoresofdifferentcountries.geert-hofstede/

（Youcanfindthescoresofyourcountryonhiswebsite.）Forreferences,youcangoto7A.權(quán)力距離

PowerDistanceIndexPowerDistanceIndex(AuthorityDimension)

A.權(quán)力距離

PowerDistanceIndexPo8PowerDistanceIndex(PDI)focusesonthedegreeofequality,orinequality,betweenpeopleinthecountry'ssociety.AHighPowerDistancerankingindicatesthatinequalitiesofpowerandwealthhavebeenallowedtogrowwithinthesociety.Thesesocietiesaremorelikelytofollowacastesystemthatdoesnotallowsignificantupwardmobilityofitscitizens.ALowPowerDistancerankingindicatesthesocietyde-emphasizesthedifferencesbetweencitizen'spowerandwealth.Inthesesocietiesequalityandopportunityforeveryoneisstressed.PowerDistanceIndex(PDI)foc9FormationanddefinitionofPDI

權(quán)力距離指數(shù)的來源和定義Status現(xiàn)狀Formation形成、來源Definition定義Pleaseturntoourhandouts請同學(xué)們看材料FormationanddefinitionofPD10Status現(xiàn)狀：InequalityinsocietyThereisinequalityeverywhere,inanysociety.Somepeoplearestronger,smarter,wealthier,ormorepowerfulthansomeotherpeople.ButPhysicalandintellectualcapacities,power,wealth,andstatusmayormaynotgotogether.Status現(xiàn)狀：Inequalityinsociety11Insomecountries,peopletrytoresolvetheinequality.Inothercountries,peoplefeelitisagoodthing,ratherthanaproblem.Insomecountries,peopletry12FormationofPDI

PDI數(shù)據(jù)的收集和形成IBM員工，來自50多個(gè)國家對相同級別的，卻來自不同國家的員工，測試了相同的問題，并用1、2、3、4、5來表示他們的答案。FormationofPDI

PDI數(shù)據(jù)的收集和形成I13例題在你的經(jīng)歷中，你是否經(jīng)常遇到這個(gè)事情：下屬很害怕向他們的上級表達(dá)不同意見？（答案是1-5，1代表非常頻繁，5代表非常少）

例題14這些問題都是由IBM公司的員工回答的，他們的這些答案代表了一個(gè)相對的不同，由于他們在公司里面的職位和公司文化是相似的，因此答案的不同很大程度上代表了他們所來自的不同的文化背景。Let’srefertoTable2.1--page27這些問題都是由IBM公司的員工回答的，他們的這些答案代表了一15Definition定義PowerDistance:theextenttowhichthelesspowerfulmembersofinstitutionsandorganizationswithinacountryexceptandacceptthatpowerisdistributedunequally權(quán)利距離的定義：一個(gè)社會(huì)中的人群對權(quán)力分配不平等這一事實(shí)的接受程度。Definition定義PowerDistance:16Handoutreading:FamilySchoolworkplaceHandoutreading:17PowerDistance

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LimiteddependenceofsubordinatesonbossesPreferenceforconsultationReadytoapproachandcontradicttheirbossesEmotionaldistanceissmallConsiderabledependenceofsubordinatesonbossesPreferencefordependence/rejectingitentirelyNotlikelytoapproachandcontradicttheirbossesEmotionaldistanceislargePowerDistance

US18PowerDistanceinfamilies

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Childrenaretreatedasequalsassoonastheyareabletoact.Childrenlearntobeindependentandhavetodotheirownstuffwhentheyareveryyoung.Achildisallowedtocontradicthis/herparents.Theylearntosaynoveryearly.Childrenareexpectedandeducatedtobeobedienttotheirparents.Independentbehaviorofchildisnotencouraged.Youngeronesarealwaysbeingtakencareofbyolderonesandparents.Youngerchildrenareexpectedtoyieldtoolderones.Authoritycontinuestoplayaroleinchildren’slife,eveniftheyareadults.PowerDistanceinfamilies

19PowerDistanceatschool

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Teachersandstudentsaretreatedasequalstoeachother.Theeducationalprocessisstudent-centered.Teachershavenoresponsibilityforthestudentsstudy.Thestudentsareexpectedtofindtheirownwayofstudy.Theycanexpressdisagreementinfrontoftheteacher.Overtstudentfeedback.Teachersaretreatedwithrespect,evenoutsideschool.“guru”Theeducationalprocessisteacher-centered.Teachersplannedanintellectualpathsforthestudentstofollow.Studentsspeakuponlywheninvitedto.Covertstudentfeedback.PowerDistanceatschool

20PowerDistanceintheworkplace

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Decentralizationispopular.Subordinatesexpecttobeconsultedondecisions.Anidealbossisaresourcefuldemocrat.Privilegesandstatussymbolsarefrownedon. Poweriscentralizedasmuchaspossibleinafewhands.Subordinatesexpecttobetoldwhattodo.Anidealbossisagoodfather.Privilegesandstatussymbolsareexpectedandpopular.PowerDistanceintheworkplac21PowerDistanceIITheoriginsofPowerdistancedifferencesPowerDistanceIITheoriginso22Figure5.2LowandHighPowerDistanceCulturesLowPowerDistance

HighPowerDistanceGermanicEurope AfricaScandinavianEurope AsiaAngloSaxons EasternEuropen

Australia MediterraneanEuropen

Canada LatinAmerican

UnitedKingdom MiddleEastn

UnitedStatesn

NewZealandScandinaviann.(北歐一地區(qū),包括挪威、瑞典、丹麥、冰島的)斯堪的納維亞人[語]Handoutpage43Figure5.2LowandHighPower23Quiz5.1:WeatherandCultureInnorthernhemisphereswithharsherweatherpatternsandlowerpopulationdensity,wouldasociety’smajorenemybe:A.

othergroupsofpeopleB.

nature

Insouthernhemisphereswithmoremoderateclimatesandhigherpopulationdensity,wouldasociety’smajorenemybe:A.

othergroupsofpeopleB. nature

Handoutpage45Quiz5.1:WeatherandCultureI24Figure5.3Nation