華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《211翻譯碩士英語》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2015年華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解I.Vocabularyandgrammar(30′)Section1Multiplechoice(20′)Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.1．Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy_____thatdevelopingnationsputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexploringwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.A.dictatesB.regulatesC.allowsD.appeals【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)要求發(fā)展中國家竭盡全力籌集資金，其方式通常是探索國家所渴望的原始資源。dictate命令；口述。regulate調(diào)節(jié)，規(guī)定。2．Heneverfeltthatbeingdisabled_____himofallmoralresponsibilitytohimselfandhiscommunity.A.releasedB.relievedC.removedD.relied【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他從來沒有感覺到身患?xì)埣矞p輕了他對于自己及社區(qū)的道德責(zé)任。relievesb.of減輕，緩解。3．Hipreplacementsurgeryis_____jointreplacementsurgeryintheU.S.A.thesinglemostfrequentB.themostsinglefrequentC.thesinglefrequentD.asinglefrequent【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)是美國最常見的關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)。這句話中single與最高級連用，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。4．Experimentalsciences,basedontheobservationoftheexternalworld,cannotaspiretocompleteness;thenatureofthings,andtheimperfectionofourorgans,_____.A.arelikelyopposingitB.areopposedtoitandthelikeC.arealikeopposeitD.areopposingitlikewise【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)基于對外部世界的觀察，不能追求完整，因?yàn)槭挛锏谋举|(zhì)、人類器官的缺陷等都與之相對立。thelike類似物，類似情況。belikelytodo很可能做某事。5．Icouldn’tsleepbecausethetapinthebathroomwas_____.A.drainingB.droppingC.spillingD.dripping【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：浴室的水龍頭一直在滴水，我睡不著。drip滴（水），滴下（液體）。drain排水；流干。spill溢出，流出。6．Pleaseputyouremptycigarettepacketsandpaperbagsin_____binsprovided.A.junkB.litterC.scrapD.deposit【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：請把空煙盒和紙袋放到提供的垃圾桶里。選項(xiàng)中只有l(wèi)itter常用來與bin搭配，構(gòu)成名詞短語litterbin“垃圾箱”。junk表示“大塊、零碎廢物”。scrap表示“小片、廢料、殘余物”。7．Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite_____.A.invaluableB.pricelessC.unworthyD.worthless【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：一旦一幅畫被證明是偽造的，那么它就會一文不值。worthless意為“無價值的；不值錢的”，可作表語。invaluable和priceless都表示“無價的；非常貴重的”。unworthy只能做定語。8．Asthedirectorcan’tcometothereception,I’mrepresentingthecompany_____.A.onhisaccountB.onhisbehalfC.forhispartD.inhisinterest【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：由于負(fù)責(zé)人不能來接待會，我以他的名義代表公司。onsb.’sbehalf表示“以某人的名義，代表某人”。9．Studentsattheseschoolstestfarbelowthestateaverageinreading,andtheirscoreshaveimprovedonly_____.A.marginallyB.marvelouslyC.martiallyD.markedly【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：這些學(xué)校的學(xué)生在測試中表現(xiàn)出的閱讀能力遠(yuǎn)低于全國平均水平，他們的分?jǐn)?shù)也僅僅勉強(qiáng)合格。marginally少量地；最低限度地。marvelously奇跡般地；不可思議地。martially勇敢地；好戰(zhàn)地。markedly明顯地；顯著地。10．ManyFineArtgraduatestake_____professionalpracticesasartists,andthiscourseencouragesthemtoconsidertheirroleasartistsinfinecommunitybyprovidingopportunitiesforshort-termplacementsoutsidetheFaculty.A.downB.upC.outD.in【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：許多美術(shù)畢業(yè)生開始作為藝術(shù)家從事專業(yè)實(shí)踐，這個過程為他們提供了短期的校外生活，從而引導(dǎo)他們思考自己在社會中作為藝術(shù)家的角色。takeup拿起；開始從事。takedown記下；拿下。takeout取出；去掉。takein吸收；領(lǐng)會。11．Thefactisthatmotherhoodmakestheheaviestdemandsin_____theareasofleastexperience.A.thatitmightbecalledB.whatmightbecalledC.whichmightbecalledD.itmightbecalled【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：事實(shí)上，母親身份在可能是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)最少”的人群中提出了最繁多的要求。in是介詞，后面應(yīng)該接賓語，所以是賓語從句，賓語從句中又缺主語，因此引導(dǎo)詞為what。12．_____sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostoffinetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthecentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.A.AsB.ForC.WhileD.Although【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：雖然在二十世紀(jì)的大部分時間里，布道在宗教生活中保持著卓越的地位，但是他們正在逐漸失去主導(dǎo)地位，因?yàn)榻烫迷谏鐣顒又谢ㄙM(fèi)了很多精力。由前后兩個分句的句意可知，應(yīng)該填表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞。13．Asaresult,themissionoftheschool,alongwiththecultureoftheclassroom,_____.A.wasslowlytochangeB.areslowlychangedC.isslowlychangingD.haveslowlychanged【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：因此，學(xué)校的任務(wù)以及課堂文化在逐漸改變。alongwith連接前后兩個主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)和第一個主語保持一致。14．Thereseemedlittledoubtthatthespreadofaparticularculturaltraitdidfollowaspecificregularpattern_____.A.asasocietyadoptedB.whichasocietyadopteditC.asasocietyadopteditD.whenasocietyadopted【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：一種特定文化特點(diǎn)的傳播遵循一種社會所接受的特定的規(guī)律，這一點(diǎn)似乎毫無疑問。這里as引導(dǎo)了一個定語從句，修飾的是“aspecificregularpattern”，as在這個定語從句中做賓語。15．_____aticketforthematch,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.A.ObtainingnotB.NotobtainingC.NothavingobtainedD.Notobtained【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：由于沒有買到比賽的票，他現(xiàn)在只能呆在家里從電視上觀看比賽?！皼]有買到票”這個動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有一定的影響（呆在家里看電視），因此前半句的非謂語動詞應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時。16．HowcanIeverconcentrateifyou_____continuallymewithsillyquestions?A.have,interruptedB.had,interruptedC.are,interruptingD.were,interrupted【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如果你不斷地用一些無聊問題來妨礙我，我怎么能集中精力呢？從can和句意可知，這句話是指目前正在發(fā)生的事，不是虛擬語氣。17．Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we_____soformally.A.neednothavedressedupB.mustnothavedressedupC.didnotneedtodressupD.mustnotdressup【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：原來是一個小型的家庭聚會，我們原本沒有必要穿得如此正式。turnouttobe意為“原來是；結(jié)果是”，表示到了那里才知道那是個小聚會，而我們已經(jīng)穿著很正式的衣服去參加了，因此應(yīng)該是“原本不需要做而做了”。18．Itisnotsomuchthelanguage_____theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.A.butB.norC.asD.like【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：與其說是語言，倒不如說是文化背景使這本書難懂。notsomuch…as…與其說……不如說……。19．Hewas_____totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.A.toomuchofacowardB.toomuchthecowardC.acowardenoughD.enoughofacoward【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他太膽小了，以至于不敢把真相告訴他最好的朋友。of加抽象名詞相當(dāng)于其對應(yīng)的形容詞。20．Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained_____.A.tobeshownB.tohavebeenshownC.tohaveshownD.beingshown【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：一些人十分謹(jǐn)慎地看待這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗麄冏⒁獾奖粍游鼰熍c癌癥之間的因果關(guān)系仍有待研究。remaintobedone表示有事情需要被做，動作尚未發(fā)生。Section2Proofreading&errorcorrection(10′)Directions:ThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“/\”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessaryword,crossouttheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Example【答案與解析】1．in→with（帶著某種感情應(yīng)該用介詞with。）2．increasing→increasingly（由于修飾favourite，因此應(yīng)用副詞形式increasingly。）3．so→but（前文說到“小麥價格在秋天通常很低”，后文說到“農(nóng)民們等不到市場價格提高”，二者之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。）4．soon/shortly（soon與shortly意思重復(fù)，因此應(yīng)去掉其中一個。）5．just→only（onlytodo為固定搭配，意思是結(jié)果……，表示未曾料到的愉快或不愉快的結(jié)果。）6．a(chǎn)sked/\for（這里的意思是生產(chǎn)組織“要求”政府進(jìn)行更穩(wěn)定的控制，因此用askfor。）7．involving→involved（involved意思是“有關(guān)的；卷入的”。這里的意思是“政府不想?yún)⑴c其中”。）8．life→living（livingcosts為固定搭配，意思是“生活費(fèi)”。）9．with/handle→deal（handle不可與with連用，因此可將with去掉或?qū)andle改為deal。）10．total→full/complete（total有較強(qiáng)烈的計(jì)算意味，強(qiáng)調(diào)總量。）II.Readingcomprehension(40′)Section1Multiplechoice(20′)Directions:Inhissectiontherearetworeadingpassagefollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyouranswersheet.PassageACooperativecompetition.Competitivecooperation.Confused?Airlineallianceshavetravelersscratchingtheirheadsoverwhatsgoingonintheskies.Somefolksviewalliancesasablessingtotravelers,offeringseamlesstravel,reducedfaresandenhancedfrequent-flyerbenefits.Othersseeaconspiracyofbigbusinesses,causingdecreasedcompetition,increasedfaresandfewerchoices.Whateveryouropinion,there’snoescapingairlinealliances:themarketinghypeisunrelenting,witheachofthetwomega-groupings,OneworldandStarAlliance,promotingitselfasthebestchoiceforalltravelers.And,evenifyouturnawayfromtheirads,chancesaretheywillfigureinanyofyourtravelplans.Bytheendoftheyear,OneworldandStarAlliancewillbetweenthemcontrolmorethan40%ofthetrafficinthesky.Somepunditspredictthatfigurewillbemorelike75%in10years.Butwhy,afteryearsofoftenferociouscompetition,haveairlinesdecidedtobandtogether?Let’sjustsaythetimingismutuallyconvenient.NorthAmericanairlines,havingexhaustedallmeansofearningcustomerloyaltyathome,havebeenlookingforwaystoreachouttoforeignflyers.Asiancarriersarestillhurtingfromtheregion-wideeconomicdownturnthatbegantwoyearsago-justwhensomeoftheairlinesweretakingdeliveryofnewaircraft.Alliancesalsoallowcarrierstocutcostsandincreaseprofitsbypoolingmanpowerresourcesontheground(ratherthaneachairlinemaintainingitsowngroundcrew)andcode-sharing-thepracticeoftwopartnerssellingticketsandoperatingonlyoneaircraft.Soalliancesareterrificforairlines-butaretheygoodforthepassenger?Absolutely,saytheairlines:thinkofthelounges,thejointFFP(frequentflyerprogramme)benefits,theround-the-worldfares,andtheglobalservicenetworks.Thenthere’sthepromiseof“seamless”travel:theabilityto,say,travelfromSingaporetoRometoNewYorktoRiodeJaneiro,allononeticket,withouthavingtowaithoursforconnectionsorworryaboutyourbags.Soundsutopian?PeterBuecking,CathayPacific’sdirectorofsalesandmarketing,thinksthatseamlesstravelisstillevolving.“It’sfairtosaythattheselinksareonlyintheirinfancy.Thekeytoseamlessnessrestsininfrastructureandinformationsharing.We’reworkingonthis.”HenryMa,spokespersonforStarAllianceinHongKong,listssomeoftheotherbenefitsforconsumers:“Globaltravellershaveaneasiertimemakingconnectionsandplanningtheiritineraries.”Maclaimsalliancesalsoassurepassengersconsistentservicestandards.Criticsofalliancessaythemuch-toutedbenefitstotheconsumeraremostlypieinthesky,thatalliancesareallaboutreducingcostsfortheairlines,rationalizingservicesandrunningjointmarketingprogrammes.JeffBlyskal,associateeditorofConsumerReportsmagazine,saysthepromotionalballyhoooveralliancesismuchadoaboutnothing.“Idon’tseemuchofagainforconsumers:alliancesarejustamarketinggimmick.Andasfarasseamlesstravelgoes,I’llbelieveitwhenIseeit.Mostairlinescan’tevengettheirownconnectionsundercontrol,letalonecoordinatewithanotherairline.”Blyskalbelievesallianceswillultimatelyresultindecreasedflightchoicesandincreasedcostsforconsumers.Insteadoftwoairlinescompetingandeachoperatingaflightonthesamerouteat70%capacity,thealliedpairwillsharetherouteandrunonefullflight.Sincefewerseatswillbeavailable,passengerswillbeobligedtopaymorefortickets.Thetruthaboutalliancesandtheirmeritsprobablyliessomewherebetweenthetravelutopiapresentedbytheplayersandtheevilempiresportrayedbytheircritics.Andhowmuchtheyaffectyoudependsonwhatkindoftraveleryouare.Thosewho’vealreadymadetheelitegradeintheFFPofamajorairlinestandtobenefitthemostwhenitjoinsanalliance:thentheyenjoytheFFPperksandadvantagesonanyandallofthemembercarriers.Forexample,ifyou’reaMarcoPoloClub“gold”memberofCathayPacificsAsiaMilesFFP,youwillautomaticallybetreatedasavaluablecustomerbyallmembersofOneworld,ofwhichCathayPacificisamember-evenifyou’veneverflownwiththembefore.Forthosewhohaven’tmadethetopgradeinanyFFP,alliancesmightbeawayofsimplifyingtheearningoffrequentflyermiles.Forexample,IbelongtoUnitedAirlinesMileagePlusandgenerallyflylessthan25,000milesayear.ButIearnmileswitheveryflightItakeonStarAlliancemember-AllNipponAirwaysandThaiAirways.IfyouflylessthanIdo,youmightbesmartertostayoutoftheFFPgamealtogether.Huntforbargainswhenbookingflightsandyoumightbeabletosaveenoughtotakethatextratripanyway.Theonlyrealbenefitinfrequentflyerscandrawfromanallianceisaninexpensiveround-the-worldfare.Thebottomline:forallthemarketinghype,alliancesaren’tallthingstoallpeople-buteverybodycangetsomebenefitoutofthem.1．Whichisthebestwordtodescribeairtravelers’reactiontoairlinealliances?A.Delight.B.Indifference.C.Objection.D.Puzzlement.2．Accordingtothepassage,settingupairlineallianceswillchieflybenefit_____.A.NorthAmericanairlinesandtheirdomestictravelersB.NorthAmericanairlinesandtheirforeigncounterpartsC.AsianairlinesandtheirforeigntravelersD.Asianairlinesandtheirdomestictravelers3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTaperceivedadvantageofalliances?A.Baggageallowance.B.Passengercomfort.C.Convenience.D.Quality.4．Onedisadvantageofalliancesforeseenbythecriticsisthatairtravelmaybemoreexpensiveasaresultof_____.A.lessconvenienceB.higheroperationcostsC.lesscompetitionD.morejointmarketing5．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcategoriesoftravelerswillgainmostfromairlinealliances?A.Travelerswhoflyfrequentlyeconomyclass.B.Travelerswhoflyfrequentlybusinessclass.C.Travelerswhoflyoccasionallyduringholidays.D.Travelerswhoflyeconomyclassonceinawhile.【答案與解析】1．D 由文章開頭的“Cooperativecompetition.Competitivecooperation.Confused?”可知，乘客們對航空公司結(jié)盟的態(tài)度是困惑的。2．B 由第二段可知，建立航空聯(lián)盟可以“allowcarrierstocutcostsandincreaseprofits”，其中的carriers指的是前文提到的北美航空公司和亞洲的航空公司。3．A 文中第三段談到了結(jié)盟的優(yōu)點(diǎn)有“withouthavingtowaithoursforconnectionsorworryaboutyourbags”并提出“assurepassengersconsistentservicestandards”，選項(xiàng)A“行李津貼”沒有在文中提及。4．C 短文第五段第二句說“Insteadoftwoairlinescompetingandeachoperatingaflightonthesamerouteat70%capacity,thealliedpairwillsharetherouteandrunonefullflight.”由此可見，聯(lián)合將最終導(dǎo)致票價上漲，因?yàn)槁?lián)合的兩個公司將共享路線，載滿乘客，而不是互相競爭。5．B 倒數(shù)第四段中提到“Thosewho’vealreadymadetheelitegradeintheFFPofamajorairlinestandtobenefitthemostwhenitjoinsanalliance”，而已經(jīng)達(dá)到“elitegrade”的人是那些經(jīng)常乘坐商務(wù)艙的人。PassageBDespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmallmindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay,“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsomethingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInteract,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs—thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.it’sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew—andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaitingat-2-a,m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarclessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto,you’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therolesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepstaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.6．TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta_____attitudetowardstheircountry.A.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingD.mysterious7．WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?A.Fondnessofforeignculture.B.Equalityinsociety.C.Linguistictolerance.D.Persistentplanning.8．Theauthor’sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis_____.A.disapprovingB.approvingC.noncommittalD.doubtful9．Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness_____.A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermansandSwedesB.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeopleC.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountryD.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles10．AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat_____.A.DanesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefitsB.DanestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothemC.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryoverD.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment【答案與解析】6．C 由第一段“WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage…”可知，丹麥人對自己的國家不滿意。7．A 從第二段中“almosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities”等可以看出，丹麥?zhǔn)且粋€平等的社會，所以B正確。從第二段“anddespitealltheEnglish...byCopenhageners.”可知，丹麥人容忍英語和本地方言并存，所以C正確。從第四段講丹麥?zhǔn)且粋€orderlyland可知，丹麥?zhǔn)且粋€善于規(guī)劃的，有秩序的國家，所以D正確。8．D 工商部認(rèn)為丹麥?zhǔn)鞘澜缟献罡蓛?，最有秩序的國家，沒有污染，沒有犯罪與貧窮等等，作者并沒有直接地表達(dá)自己的態(tài)度，而是列舉了一些與這些內(nèi)容相反的社會現(xiàn)象，由此可知，作者是持懷疑的態(tài)度。9．D 第4段中提到“Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint...ultramodernandwell-maintained.”所以丹麥的這種井然有序?qū)εc這樣一個資源短缺，生產(chǎn)力受限的國家來說，對這個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要。10．D由本段第三句“Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone…”，可排除選項(xiàng)A。由第二句中的“…youshouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto…”可排除選項(xiàng)B。由最后一句“theorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.”可排除選項(xiàng)C。本段并沒有提到“井然有序的社會秩序有可能減輕失業(yè)問題”，故答案選D。Section2Answeringquestions(20′)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Useonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswersheet.Questions1~2Modernwomenmaybebettereducated,havebetterjobsandearnmoremoneythantheirgrandmotherseverdreamof,butinonewaytheliferemainsthesame—eightoutoftenwomenstilldothehouseholdchores.Only1percentofmensaytheydothewashingandironingordecidewhattohavefordinner.Theonlyareawhereaveragemanismorelikelytohelpoutiswithsmallrepairsaroundthehouse.ThereportSocialFocusonWomenandMen,bytheOfficeforNationalStatistics,foundthatattitudestowomenworkinghavechangeddrasticallyoverthepastdecade.Whereasin1987morethanhalfofmenand40percentofwomenagreedwiththestatement,“Ahusband’sjobistoearnthemoney,awife’sjobistolookafterthehomeandfamily”,thatviewhadhalvedamongbothsexesby1994.Thenumbersagreeingstronglywiththestatement,“Ajobisallrightbutwhatmostwomenreallywantisahomeandchildren”,hadalsohalvedfrom15percentto7percentofmenfeelingthatwayand12percentto5percentofwomen.Women’sincreasedparticipationintheworldofworkhasbeenoneofthemoststrikingfeaturesofrecentdecades.Nearlyhalfofallwomenaged55to59havenoqualifications.Buttheirgranddaughtersareoutperformingtheirmalepeersacrosstheboard,andfrom1989overtookboysatA-levels.Genderstereotypespersistatthislevelofeducation,however,withmorethanthree-fifthsofEnglishentrantsbeingfemale,whileasimilarproportionofmathsentrantsaremale.Agreaternumberofboystakephysicsandchemistrywhereasgirlspredominateinsocialsciencesandhistory.Theexplosioninhighereducationmeanstherewasa66percentincreaseinnumberoffemaleundergraduatesanda50percentincreaseinthenumberofmaleundergraduatesbetween1990-91and1995-96.Womenarealsomakingbreakthroughsinspecificareasofemployment.Womennowformaslightmajorityamongnewsolicitorsalthoughtheymakeuponlyone-thirdofallsolicitors.Since1984thenumberofwomeninworkhasrisenby20percentto10.5million.Butwhenitcomestopay,theystilllagbehindtheirmalepeers.Womenearnonaverage80perofwhatmendoperhour.Theyarealsofarmorelikelytoworkpart-timeorwithtemporarycontracts.Partofthereasonforthisisbecausewomenstilltakethemainroleinchildcare,althoughtheyaremorelikelytoworkthaninthepast.Thenumberofmotherswithchildrenunderfivedoubledbetween1973and1996.Andthenumberofwomenwhoreturntoworkwithinninetoelevenmonthsofthebirthincreaseddramatically.In1974,only24percentofwomenreturnedinthisperiodcomparedwith67percentin1996.Therelationshipbetweenthesexeshasalsoseenchanges.Sevenintenfirstmarriagesarenowprecededbycohabitationcomparedwithonlyoneintwentyfirstmarriagesinthemid-1960s.Since1992womenintheirearlythirtieshavebeenmorelikelytogivebirththanthoseintheirearlytwenties,althoughthefertilityrateisstillhighestamongthoseaged25to29.1．Whataregenderstereotypes?Listthegenderstereotypesatthelevelofhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage.2．WhatarethemajorchangesconcerningthestatusofwomeninBritain?【答案與解析】1．Menperformbetterinmaths,chemistryandphysics,whilewomeninEnglish,socialsciencesandhistory.（題目要求列舉在高等教育中存在的性別刻板印象。第六段中提到多數(shù)女性選擇學(xué)習(xí)英語，男性選擇數(shù)學(xué)。更多的男孩學(xué)習(xí)物理和化學(xué)，而女孩則是社會科學(xué)和歷史。）2．Thetotalnumberofwomenwithajobincreasedandwomenmakebreakthroughinspecificareas.（題目要求列舉女性地位的主要變化。由第五段可知，女性在工作領(lǐng)域的參與度提高。倒數(shù)第四段提到，女性在特定就業(yè)領(lǐng)域也有所突破。）Questions3~5Mostofustelloneortwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausethelieswetellareusuallylittleones“Igotstuckintraffic.”“Thatcolorlooksgoodonyou.”“Iwasjustabouttocall.”Buteventhesmallestfibmaysoonbesystematicallyexposed,atleastinthevirtualworld.Researchersatseveraluniversitiesaredevelopingsoftwarethatcandetectliesinonlinecommunicationssuchasinstantmessagese-mailsandchatrooms.Theabilitytospot“digitaldeception”,asresearcherscallit,hasneverbeenmorecrucial.Today,muchofourbusinessandsociallifeisconductedonline,makingusincreasinglyvulnerable.Whitecollarcriminals,sexualpredators,scammers,identitythievesandeventerroristssurfthesameWebastherestofus.Conventionalliedetectorslookforphysiologicalsignsofanxiety—abeadofsweatoraracingpulsebutonlinesystemsexamineonlytheliar’sWolds.“Whenwe’relookingatlanguage,we’relookingatthetoolofthelie,”saysJeffHancock,anassistantprofessorofcommunicationandamemberofthefacultyofcomputingandinformationscienceatCornellUniversity.Hancock,whorecentlyreceiveda$680,000grantfromtheNationalScienceFoundationtostudydigitaldeception,saysthereisagrowingbodyofevidencethatthelanguageofdishonestmessagesisdifferentthanthatofhonestones.Forexample,onestudyledbyHancockandduetobepublishedthisspringinDiscourseProcessesfoundthatdeceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.Liarsalsotendtousefewerfirst-personreferences(suchasthepronoun“I”)andmorethird-personreferences(suchas“he”and“they”).Thismaybetheliar’ssubconsciouswayofdistancinghimselffromhislie.Moresurprising,Hancockandhiscolleagueshaveobservedthatthetargetsofliarsalsoexhibitdistinctivelanguagepatterns.Forinstance,peoplewhoarebeingdeceivedoftenuseshortersentencesandaskmorequestions.Eventhoughtheymaynotbeawarethattheyarebeingliedto,peopleseemtoexhibitsubconscioussuspicions.Toidentitythepatternsofdeceit,Hancockhasdevelopedaninstant-messagingsystematCornellthatasksuserstoratethedeceptivenessofeachmessagetheysend.Thesystemhasalreadycollected10,000messages,ofwhichabout6percentqualifyaspatentlydeceptive.Eventuallytheresultswillbeincorporatedintosoftwarethatanalyzesincomingmessages.Fornow,theCornellresearchersareworkingonlywiththekindsofliestoldbystudentsandfaculty.Itremainstobeseenwhethersuchasystemcanbescaleduptohandle“big”lies,suchasmessagessentbyconartistsandterrorists.Fortunately,theresearchsofarsuggeststhatpeoplelielessoftenine-mailthanface-to-faceoronthephone.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting,Hancockspeculates.“Ane-mailgeneratesmultiplecopies,”hesays.“Itwilllastlongerthansomethingcarvedinrock.”Sochooseyourwordscarefully.Theinternetmaysoonberidnotonlydeceitbutalsooflameexcuses.3．Listoneofthedifferencesbetweenfalsepretencesandunfeignedmessages,accordingtoHancock’sstudy.4．WhydoesHancockneedthe