北京理工大學(xué)考博英語歷年真題及詳解

2002年北京理工大學(xué)考博英語真題及詳解PartI ListeningComprehension(20points)（略）PartII Vocabulary(20points,0.5pointforeach)SectionADirections:Thereare20questionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithonewordorphraseunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossitonyourAnswerSheet.16．Mylandladyisalwaystryingtomeddleineverythingwedo.A.interfereB.intrudeC.orderD.encase【答案】A查看答案【解析】meddleinsth.干預(yù)，干涉，管閑事。interfereinsth.干涉，介入，干預(yù)。intrudeintosth.闖入，侵入，打擾。order命令，訂購，定制。encase裝入，包住，圍。17．NatureconstantlyyieldstomaninNewYork:witnessthosefragilesidewalktreesgamelystragglingagainstencroachingcementandpetrolfumes.A.turnstoB.giveswaytoC.recedestoD.getsbackto【答案】B查看答案【解析】yieldto屈服，讓步。givewayto讓步，讓路。turnto轉(zhuǎn)向，變成，求助于。recedeto后退，避開。getbacktosb.以后再對某人說或給某人寫信。getbacktosth.回到某事物上。18．Thesmallgroupofonlookerspresentedapatheticsightanddidnothingtohelpthedrowningchild.A.pitiableB.unreasonableC.depressingD.immoral【答案】A查看答案【解析】pathetic可憐的，悲慘的。pitiable可憐的。unreasonable不講道理的，不合理的。depressing壓抑的，陰沉的，煩悶的。immoral不道德的，邪惡的。19．Hardywasstimulatedbythesights,soundsandsmellsabouthim；hewasenjoyinghissensuousexperience.A.sensationalB.sentimentalC.sensitiveD.sensible【答案】A查看答案【解析】sensuous刺激感官的，給感官以快感的。sensational極好的，絕妙的。sentimental感傷性的，感情脆弱的。sensitive敏感的，靈敏的。sensible有感覺的，明智的，有判斷力的。20．HiscompanyempoweredtheyoungengineertonegotiatethecontracttobesignedwiththeAmericanMicrosoft.A.enforcedB.strengthenedC.orderedD.authorized【答案】D查看答案【解析】empower授權(quán)與，使能夠。authorize批準(zhǔn)。enforce強(qiáng)迫，執(zhí)行，堅持。strengthen加強(qiáng)，鞏固。order命令，訂購，定制。21．IwishIcouldreportadazzlingsuccessbutinfactitdoesnotquitecomeoff.Idon’tthinkImayliveupformyfather’sexpectation.A.comeontimeB.gooffwellC.appearproperlyD.boildownto【答案】B查看答案【解析】comeoff實現(xiàn)，成為。gooffwell進(jìn)行或發(fā)生得很成功。comeontime及時出現(xiàn)。appearproperly適當(dāng)出現(xiàn)。boildownto歸結(jié)為。22．ThePakistangovernmentisleaningontheTalibangovernmenttohandoverOsamatosavethisentireregionfromcatastrophe.A.unhappinessB.disasterC.depressionD.tragedy【答案】B查看答案【解析】catastrophe大災(zāi)難。disaster災(zāi)難，天災(zāi)。unhappiness憂愁，苦惱。depression沮喪，低沉。tragedy悲劇，慘案。23．ThegroupisdedicatedtopreventingthePLOfromenteringpeacenegotiationswithJordan.A.contributedB.cementedC.devotedD.dispatched【答案】C查看答案【解析】dedicated專注的，獻(xiàn)身于。devoted投入的。contributeto“致力于，貢獻(xiàn)于”，一般不用被動。cement鞏固，粘牢。dispatch分派，派遣。24．Withthedevelopmentofsophisticatedinstruments,earthquakewillbecomepredictable.A.advancedB.delicateC.dedicatedD.difficult【答案】A查看答案【解析】sophisticated復(fù)雜的，精良的，尖端的。advanced高級的，先進(jìn)的。delicate精巧的，精致的，脆弱的。dedicated專注的，獻(xiàn)身的。difficult困難的，艱難的。25．Theongoingnegotiationreliedonunorthodoxchannels,avoidingthedullStateDepartment,whichhedisdained.A.respectedB.neglectedC.deniedD.despised【答案】D查看答案【解析】disdain蔑視，鄙棄。despise輕視。respect尊敬，尊重。neglect忽視，疏忽。deny否認(rèn)，拒絕。26．Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofourgovernment.A.integrationB.discriminationC.separationD.exposition【答案】C查看答案【解析】severance中斷，切割。separation分離，分開。integration綜合。discrimination辨別，識別，歧視。exposition說明，暴露，博覽會。27．Oneoftheconsequencesofadvancedcognitiveabilityhasbeentheemergenceofculturallife.A.commendableB.compilingC.perceptiveD.pertinent【答案】C查看答案【解析】cognitive認(rèn)知的，認(rèn)識的，有感知的。perceptive感知的，有理解力的。commendable值得表揚的。compile編輯，編撰，匯編。pertinent有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的，中肯的。28．Somecorpsesweresobadlydismemberedthattheycouldn’tbeidentifiedasmenorwomen,A.dismissedB.severedC.dispersedD.disposed【答案】B查看答案【解析】dismember切斷，肢解。sever切斷，割斷。dismiss解散。disperse散開，消散。dispose處理，處置，部署。29．Hetriedbutfailedinhisattempttoavoidbeingprosecutedbypracticingbribery.A.sentencedbyB.accusedofC.condemnedofD.blamedfor【答案】B查看答案【解析】beprosecuted告發(fā)，起訴。beaccusedof被指控，控告。besentencedby判刑。becondemnedto宣告懲罰，判刑。beblamedfor責(zé)怪，責(zé)備，埋怨。30．ThereisalargejointprogrammeofdevelopmentamongleadingUScomputercompanies,andIBM,thoughitsaysnothing,maywellhavethebiggestprogrammeofall.A.prosecutedB.consolidatedC.unifiedD.boosted【答案】C查看答案【解析】joint共同的，聯(lián)合的，合辦的。unified統(tǒng)一的，一致的。prosecute檢舉，告發(fā)；從事。consolidated鞏固的。boost增強(qiáng)，提高；鼓勵；促進(jìn)。31．Theideaoftimeisincorporatedinalllanguagesoftheworld.A.assignedB.containedC.indicatedD.evidenced【答案】B查看答案【解析】incorporate合并，混合。contain包含，容納。assign分配，指派。indicate指出，顯示，象征。evidence明顯，明白，顯著。32．Nailpolishismadefromcelluloselacquer,andopaquenailpolishcanbemadebyaddingtitaniumoxide.A.varnishB.waxC.resinD.tallow【答案】A查看答案【解析】lacquer漆。varnish清漆。wax蠟。resin樹脂。tallow牛脂，動物脂。33．Hemadeadispatchforaspecificpurpose.A.expeditionB.punchC.declarationD.raid【答案】A查看答案【解析】dispatch派遣，分派。expedition派遣，遠(yuǎn)征。punch打孔器，沖床；一擊，一拳。declaration宣布，宣言，聲明。raid襲擊，搜捕。34．Agoalofmoderndanceoftenistoexpressthedancer’sinnermostfeelingsandemotions.A.mostoriginalB.mostpersonalC.mostselfishD.mostenchanting【答案】B查看答案【解析】innermost最里面的，內(nèi)心的，秘密的，有關(guān)個人的。enchanting迷人的，迷惑的，嫵媚的。35．Thefreshmenwillbenotifiedregardingthecollegeplacementexamination.A.condonedB.informedC.emulatedD.deformed【答案】B查看答案【解析】notify通報。inform通知，告訴，告知。condone寬恕，赦免。emulate仿效。deform（使）變形。SectionBDirections:Thereare20questionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithsomethingmissing.BeloweachsentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossitonyourAnswerSheet.36．Profitsharingisagood______foremployees.A.treatmentB.experimentC.incentiveD.reinforce【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：對員工來說，收益共享是個很好的激勵手段。incentive刺激，獎勵。treatment待遇，對待，處理。experiment實驗，試驗。reinforce加固物。37．Socialworkersoftenuse______intheirresearch.A.fraudsB.narrationsC.refutationsD.questionnaire【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：社會工作人員常常在他們的調(diào)查中使用調(diào)查問卷表。questionnaire調(diào)查表，問卷。fraud欺騙，欺詐，假貨。narration敘述。refutation駁斥。38．Hisfellowworkerslikeandrespecthimbecauseheisamanof______.A.sincerityB.injusticeC.inquiryD.hostility【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他的真摯贏得了同事的喜歡和尊重。sincerity誠摯，真誠。injustice不公平，不講道義。inquiry質(zhì)詢，調(diào)查。hostility敵意，惡意，不友善。39．TheWorldWarIIendedduringTruman’s______.A.PresidencyB.successionC.realmD.duration【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束于杜魯門任期時。presidency任期。succession連續(xù)，繼承，繼任。realm領(lǐng)域。duration持續(xù)時間，為期。40．______metalranoutofthefurnace.A.MoltenB.GradedC.WeldedD.Consolidated【答案】A查看答案【解析】molten熔化的，熔融的。graded等級的，分級的。welded焊接的。consolidated加固的。41．Thespokesinabicyclewheelarearrangedina______pattern.A.radialB.radicalC.sphericalD.spiral【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：自行車車輪的輪輻呈放射狀。radial放射狀的。radical根本的，基本的，激進(jìn)的。spherical球的，球形的。spiral螺旋形的。42．Hisvoice______hisWelshoriginsthoughhehasbeenlivinginNewYorkfor25years.A.preservesB.mufflesC.monitorsD.betrays【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：盡管他已在紐約生活了25年，他的聲音暴露了他的威爾士出身。betray出賣，背叛，泄露。preserve保護(hù)，保存，保持。muffle包，蒙住，壓抑（聲音）。monitor監(jiān)控。43．Ihopemystudentswillallowa______forerrorcorrection.A.quotaB.marginC.burialD.fringe【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我希望同學(xué)們能留出一個空處用來改錯。margin頁邊的空白，邊緣，極限。quota配額，限額。burial埋葬。fringe邊緣，須邊，劉海。44．Manypeoplenowadays______anoaththathewillnevergetmarried.A.quoteB.swearC.declareD.claim【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：現(xiàn)今很多人發(fā)誓將不會結(jié)婚。swear宣誓，發(fā)誓。quote引用，引證。declare斷言，宣稱，宣布。claim要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)，聲稱，主張。45．Adietof______foodisservedtoeveryhospitalpatient.A.filthyB.clinicalC.nourishingD.stuffy【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：每個醫(yī)院的病人都能享受到營養(yǎng)餐。nourishing有營養(yǎng)的，滋養(yǎng)多的。filthy不潔的，污穢的，丑惡的。clinical臨床的，病房用的。stuffy乏味的。46．Thedoctorsaid:“I’mgoingto______acourseoftreatmentforyou.”A.disposeB.hypothesizeC.manipulateD.prescribe【答案】D查看答案【解析】prescribe指示，規(guī)定；處方，開藥。dispose處理，處置，部署。hypothesize假設(shè)，假定，猜測。manipulate操作，操縱。47．Hewentontosaythathewouldgotohishometownin______ofpeace.A.questB.allowanceC.thirstD.greed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他接著說他將回家鄉(xiāng)尋求和平。inquestof尋求。allowance津貼，補(bǔ)助。thirst口渴，渴望，一般與for連用。greed貪欲，貪婪。48．Mygrandmother______thephotographsofhertwograndchildren.A.comprisesB.treasuresC.offendsD.notarizes【答案】B查看答案【解析】treasure珍愛，珍惜，珍藏。comprise包含，由…組成。offend犯罪，冒犯。notarize證明，確認(rèn)。49．Hemightcheathisfriendsinacheapcardgame,butheremainsbasically______inhisbusinessdealings.A.suspiciousB.sophisticatedC.straightforwardD.shrewd【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他可能在廉價的紙牌游戲中欺騙他的朋友，但他在生意場上仍然是正直坦率的。straightforward正直的，坦率的。suspicious可疑的，懷疑的。sophisticated詭辯的，久經(jīng)世故的。shrewd精明的。50．Iftheworldwasreallylikewhatthefigurepictures,theneachindividualtodaywouldhaveonlyone______ahundredoramilliongeneration.A.manufacturerB.offspringC.descendantD.ancestor【答案】D查看答案【解析】ancestor祖先，祖宗。manufacturer制造業(yè)者，廠商。offspring兒女，子孫，后代。descendant子孫，后裔，后代。51．Wefinishthischapterbygivingyouexamplesofnutritious,wellbalancedeasymeals.Thesearenotatalloriginalor     butarebasedontheordinarythingsthatmostpeopletendtoeat______.A.exoticB.majesticC.weirdD.provincial【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我們以營養(yǎng)的、均衡的簡易餐為例來結(jié)束這一章。這些飯絕不是獨創(chuàng)的或外來的，僅僅只是大多數(shù)人平時吃的普通食物。exotic異國情調(diào)的，外來的，奇異的。majestic宏偉的，莊嚴(yán)的。weird怪異的，神秘的，不可思議的。provincial省的。52．Forthecastofthismightyepic,Vidal______hisbrilliantfamilyandsocialconnections,whichincludedMaryPickford,MarionDaviesandthrongsforthepoliticalworld.A.drewoffB.drewoutC.drewupD.drewon【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：為了這項偉大的事業(yè)，Vidal動用了他顯赫的家世以及社會關(guān)系，其中包括MaryPickford，MarionDavies和政治圈里的幫派。drawon使用，運用，利用。drawoff撤退，排除（水）。drawout伸出，拉長；鼓勵某人說話等。drawup草擬，停住，逼近。53．Eventuallytherarergeneswilldisappearandthegenetictypes______leavingfeweroffspringwillbecome.A.extinguishedB.extraordinaryC.extinctD.extreme【答案】A查看答案【解析】extinguish消滅，不復(fù)存在。extraordinary非凡的，異常的。extinct（物種）滅絕。extreme極端的，偏激的。54．Inviewofthedepressionofthenationaleconomy,thereareplansto______amuchgreaterharvestfromthetimberresource.A.excelB.expelC.expireD.extract【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：鑒于全國經(jīng)濟(jì)低靡，人們計劃從木材資源中獲得更多的利潤。extract獲取，吸取。excel優(yōu)秀，勝過他人。expel驅(qū)逐，開除，排出。expire期滿，終止。55．Atthattimetheearningsoftheboxerswere______andtheycouldmakemoneyfortheirfollowersaswell.A.faintB.fabricC.fragileD.fabulous【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：那時拳擊手的收入是很驚人的，他們能為他們的后代掙足夠的錢。fabulous驚人的，難以置信的。faint虛弱的，衰弱的。fabric織物，織品。fragile易碎的，脆的。PartIII Cloze（10points,0.5foreach）Directions:Therearetwentyblanksinthefollowingpassage.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosetherightwordorphrasefromthechoicesgivenbelowforeachoftheblanks.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Criticsofearlyschoolingciteresearchthatquestionswhether4-year-oldchildrenarereadytotakeonformallearning.Educatorsfindthat(56)_____toddlersaremorelikelytosucceedduringtheirschoolcareers.(57)_____theiryoungercounterpartsaremorelikelyto(58)_____Kindergartenchildrenwhoturnfiveduringthe(59)_____halfoftheyearseemtobeatadisadvantagewhenit(60)_____physical,emotional,social,andintellectualdevelopment.Additionally,childrenwhoarenearlysixwhentheyenterkindergarten(61)_____toreceivebettergradesandscorehigheronachievement(62)_____throughouttheirschoolingexperience(63)_____dothosewhobeginkindergartenhavingjustturnedfive.Beingbrightandverballyskillfulandbeingreadyforschooldonotseemtobethe(64)_____thing.Itiseasytoconfusethesuperficialpoiseandsophisticationofmanyoftoday’schildren(65)_____innermaturity.Indeed,evidencesuggeststhatearlyschoolingboomerangs.Youngsters(66)_____parentspushthemtoattainacademicsuccessinpreschoolarelesscreative,have(67)_____anxietyabouttests,and,bytheendofkindergarten,falltomaintaintheirinitialacademicadvantage(68)_____theirless-pressuredpeers.Manypsychologistsandeducatorsremainskepticalofapproachesthatplace4-year-oldsinaformaleducationalsetting.Theyquestion(69)_____environmentalenrichmentcansignificantlyalterthebuilt-indevelopmentaltimetableofachildrearedinanon-disadvantagedhome.Theydonotdeny,however,the(70)_____ofday-carecentersandnurseryschoolsthatprovideahomelikeenvironmentandallowchildren(71)_____freedomtoplay,developattheirown(72)_____,andevolvetheirsocialskills.Buttheypointoutthatmanyofthethingschildrenoncedidinfirstgradearenow(73)_____oftheminkindergarten,andtheyworrylestmoreandmorewillnowbeaskedof4-year-olds.Thesepsychologistsandeducatorsbelievewearedrivingyoungchildrentoo(74)_____andtherebydeprivingthemoftheir(75)_____.56．A.olderB.tallerC.strongerD.smarter57．A.SinceB.NowthatC.TherebyD.Whereas58．A.fallB.failC.fleeD.fear59．A.lateB.laterC.latestD.latter60．A.liesinB.dealswithC.comestoD.callsfor61．A.helpB.wantC.endD.prefer62．A.testsB.trialsC.performanceD.competition63．A.thatB.whichC.thenD.than64．A.easyB.hardC.sameD.similar65．A.forB.againstC.withD.towards66．A.andB.withC.thoseD.whose67．A.muchB.moreC.manyD.most68．A.toB.againstC.overD.than69．A.howB.thatC.whyD.whether70．A.valueB.powerC.considerationD.responsibility71．A.possibleB.reasonableC.imaginableD.considerable72．A.wayB.caseC.paceD.means73．A.thoughtB.remindedC.expectedD.regarded74．A.wellB.hardC.badlyD.directly75．A.memoryB.childhoodC.ambitionsD.simplicity【答案與解析】56．A 首先文章第一句是從受教育年齡的角度入手，所以此處填年齡的大小比較適合；其次后文中出現(xiàn)“youngercounterparts”，顯然是與此處形成對比。故選項A正確。57．D 由上題的分析知，前后兩句應(yīng)形成對比關(guān)系，故答案為D項。表示“然而，但是”。58．B 上文提及年長一些的更容易在學(xué)業(yè)上取得成功，因此此處應(yīng)是其對立面，即選項B“失敗”。59．B thelaterhalfoftheyear表示“后半年”。其他選項都不適合。60．C cometo達(dá)到某種情況或狀態(tài)。liein睡懶覺；臥床待產(chǎn)。dealwith安排，處理，涉及。callfor要求，提倡。此處意思為“當(dāng)?shù)搅松眢w、情感、社交及智力的發(fā)展時期”，故選項C正確。61．C 選項C表示“呈現(xiàn)一種趨勢，往往是”，選項B和C都表示主觀想法，而我們不能否認(rèn)早入學(xué)的兒童也期望取得好的成績，只是事實是年長一些的往往表現(xiàn)得更好一些。故選項C正確。選項A容易排除。62．A 此空對應(yīng)前面的“scorehigher”，即在成績測試中取得高分。63．D 整句話是一比較句型，把六歲入學(xué)的兒童的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)與五歲入學(xué)的進(jìn)行比較。故答案為D。64．C 從后文的“easytoconfuse”可以判斷，此處應(yīng)講“Beingbrightandverballyskillfulandbeingreadyforschool”是不一樣的。65．C confuseAwithB把A和B弄混淆。66．D 此處是一定語從句。67．B 根據(jù)前文的“pushthemtoattainacademicsuccess”，“l(fā)esscreative”及后文的“l(fā)ess-pressuredpeers”可以判斷這些學(xué)生對測試表現(xiàn)的更為焦慮。故答案為B項。68．C advantageoversb.與他人競爭時優(yōu)越的條件或環(huán)境；優(yōu)勢。69．D 盡管后文專家承認(rèn)了“day-carecentersandnurseryschools”，但緊接著他們又表示了擔(dān)心，故此處他們應(yīng)對能夠環(huán)境改變自身的發(fā)展進(jìn)程表示懷疑，故應(yīng)選D項，表示“是否”。70．A 從后面所列舉的一系列成就看，此處應(yīng)表示所做的價值。71．D 此句是對“day-carecentersandnurseryschools”的肯定，故此處表示“相當(dāng)大的自由”。72．A 此處表示“以他們自己的方式”。73．C expect…ofsb.固定搭配，對某人抱有期望。74．B “hard”表示我們費了很大的勁兒去強(qiáng)迫孩子。75．B 專家指出我們把孩子們逼得太緊，因而剝奪了他們的童年。選項A、C和D都不對。PartVI ReadingComprehension（25points,1foreach）Directions:Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1BrazilhadcomefromAfrica.AbouthalfthepopulationofVenezuelahadasmallerbutstilllargepartofpopulationofTrans—AtlanticwhetherinNorth,CentralorSouthAorintheCaribbeanislands.ItwasthesemenandwomenofAfricandescentconqueredthewildernessoftheAmericas,clearingandworkingcountlessfarmsandplantations,foundingandopeninginnumerableminesofironorpreciousmetals.Harshandpainfulasitwas,theoverseasslavetrade（likethenotmuchlesspainfulmovementofmillionsofhungryandjoblessmenandwomenfromEurope）laidthefoundationsofAmericanrepublics.TheseAfricansbeyondtheseashavetheirplaceinthestoryofAfrica（thestoryofWestAfrica）.Forwhattheyattemptedandachievedwasalsoareflectionofthestrongandindependentcivilizationfromwhichtheycame.Consider,forexample,theheroicandsuccessfulstruggleforindependenceconductedbytheslavesoftheCaribbeanlandofSt.Domingue.In1789,atthemomentoftheFrenchRevolution,thisFrenchcolonyintheCaribbeanwasprobablythewealthiestcolonyintheworld.ItstensofthousandsofAfricanslave-workersproducedenormousquantitiesofsugar,thewholeEuropeancommunitieslivedofftheprofits.WhennewsoftheRevolutioninFrancereachedSt.Domingue,theseslavesclaimedtheirshareinitsidealsandbenefits.Theydemandedtheirfreedom.Deniedthis,roseinrevoltagainsttheirmasters.InyearsofhardfightingagainstlargearmiessentbyFrance,andafterwardsagainstlargearmiessentbyBritain,thesemenofSt.DominguewontheirfreedomandfoundedtheRepublicofHaiti.Yetmorethanhalfthesesoldiersoffreedomhadmadethe“middlepassage”acrosstheAtlantic.Morethanhalf,inotherwords,hadbeenborninAfrica,hadspenttheirchildhoodinAfrica,hadlearnedinAfricatheirrespectforfreedom;whilenearlyalltherestwerethechildrenofparentsorgrandparentsborninAfrica.AndtheywereledbyAfricans:bymenofgeniusandcouragesuchasBoukman,theunforgettableToussaintLouverture,andDessalines.RaisedbyToussaintandhisAfricans,thebanneroffreedomacrosstheAtlanticwascarriedfrompeopletopeople.Manythrewofftheirbondage.LargenumbersofmenofAfricanoriginfoughtinthearmiesthatmadetheUnitedStateswhattheyaretoday.ItwasageneralofAfricandescent,AntonioMaceo,wholedthemilitarystruggleforCubanindependenceagainstSpainin1868.Likeothermenofvision,Maceohadnotimeforracism,forthefalseideathatoneraceofmenisbetterorworsethananyother.SomeofthewhitesofCubadisagreedwithhim.TheywereSpanishsettlerswhothoughtthatwhitewasgoingtobebetterthanblackeveninanindependentCuba.OnedayMaceowasapproachedbyaSpanishCubanwhosuggestedthattheregimentsofindependencearmyshouldbevidedintowhitesandnon-whites.MaceomadehimareplywhichbecamefamousinCuba.“Ifyouwerenotwhite,”Maceosaidtothisman,“1wouldhaveyoushotonthespot.ButIdonotwishtobeaccusedofbeingracialistasyouareandsoIletyougo,butwiththewarningthatIshallnotbesopatientanothertime.Therevolutionhasnocolor.”76．Itcouldbeinferredthatthewriterthinksthat,incomparisonwiththemovementofmillionsofhungryandjoblesspeoplefromEurope,theoverseasslavetradewas______.A.muchlessharshandpainfulB.ratherharshandpainfulC.moreharshandpainfulD.notmuchlessharshandpainful77．Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphis______.A.todescribetheheroicandsuccessfulstruggleforindependencewagedbytheslavesofSt.DomingueB.toshowhowhugenumbersofAfricanspopulatedtheAmericasC.toshowthatAfricanshadavitalparttoplayinlayingthefoundationsoftheAmericanrepublicsD.todescribethehorrorsoftheoverseasslavetrade78．Totheauthor,theimportantthingabouttherevolutionofSt.Domingueisthat______.A.itwasledbyAfricansB.itfoughtagainstarmiesfrombothBritainandFranceC.thepeopleoftheislandweredeniedashareinthebenefitsandidealsoftheFrenchRevolutionD.itwasinspiredbythestrongandindependentcivilizationofAfricawheremostofthesoldiershadoriginated79．Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat______.A.largenumbersofblacksoldiersintheUnitedStatesfighttodayB.blacksplayedanimportantroleinshapingtheUnitedStatesC.blackstooknopartintheindependentwarintheUnitedStatesD.largenumbersofblacksintheUnitedStatestodaycamefromAfrica80．MaceodecidednottoshoottheSpanishCubanbecause______.A.thelatterwaswhiteB.thelatterwasnotwhiteC.therevolutionhasnocolorD.hedidnotwishtobeaccusedofbeingaracist【答案與解析】76．C 第一段第三句講到Harshandpainfulasitwas,…thefoundationsofAmericanrepublics.從本句括號里面的注釋可知，與歐洲那些為饑餓和工作而戰(zhàn)的人比起來，海外的努力貿(mào)易要更harshandpainful，故答案為選項C。77．C 第一段作者主要講述了非洲人在美洲克服了重重困難，在那兒繁衍生息，并為美立堅合眾國的建立打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。選項A、B和D均有提及，但并不是主要內(nèi)容。故答案為C。78．D 文章從第二段開始介紹了非洲人民所發(fā)起的一系列革命，并在第二段后半部分尤其指出這些人都是土生土長的非洲人，他們在非洲學(xué)會了“respectforfreedom”，同時舉出兩個非洲領(lǐng)袖為例來說明，可見作者認(rèn)為這些在戰(zhàn)斗中的作用是很大的，故選項D正確。79．B 文章第三段指出“Largenumbersof…whattheyaretoday”，即很多非洲本地人在軍隊中參與戰(zhàn)爭，而這些軍隊正是使美國成為現(xiàn)在這個樣子的軍隊。換言之非洲人在美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭期間發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。故選項B正確。80．D 根據(jù)Maceo的話可以判斷，因為他自己本身是黑人，如果他殺了theSpanishCuban，那么他將被控為種族主義者。故答案為D。Passage2Themid-sixtiessawthestartofaprojectthat,alongwithothersimilarresearch,wastoteachusagreatdealaboutthechimpanzeemind.ThiswasProjectWasheo,conceivedbyTrixieandAllenGardner.TheypurchasedaninfantchimpanzeeandbegantoteachherthesignsofASL,theAmericanSignLanguageusedbythedeaf.Twentyyearsearlier,anotherhusbandandwifeteam,RichardandCathyHayes,hadtried,withanalmosttotallackofsuccess,toteachayoungchimp,Vikki,totalk.TheHayes’sundertakingtaughtusalotaboutthechimpanzeemind,batVikki,althoughshedidwellinIQtests,andwasclearlyanintelligentyoungster,couldnotlearnhumanspeech.TheGardners,however,achievedspectacularsuccesswiththeirpupil,Washoe.Notonlydidshelearnsignseasily,butshequicklybegantostringthemtogetherinmeaningfulways.Itwasclearthateachsignevoked,inhermind,amentalimageoftheobjectitrepresented.If,forexample,shewasasked,insignlanguage,tofetchanapple,shewouldgoandlocateanapplethatwasoutofsightinanotherroom.Otherchimpsenteredtheproject,somestartingtheirlivesindeafsigningfamiliesbeforejoiningWashoe.AndfinallyWashoeadoptedaninfant,Loulis.Hecamefromalabwherenothoughtofteachingsignshadeverpenetrated.WhenhewaswithWashoehewasgivennolessonsinlanguageacquisition—notbyhumans,anyway.Yetbythetimehewaseightyearsoldhehadmadefifty-eightsignsintheircorrectcontexts.Howdidhelearnthem?Mostly,itseems,byimitatingthebehaviorofWashoeandtheotherthreesigningchimps,Dar,MojaandTam.Sometimes,though,hereceivedtuitionfromWashoeherself.Oneday,forexample,shebegantoswaggeraboutbipedally,hairbristling,signingfood!food!food!ingreatexcitement.Shehadseenahumanapproachingwithabarofchocolate.Loulis,onlyeighteenmonthsold,watchedpassively.SuddenlyWashoestoppedherswaggering,wentovertohim,tookhishand,andmouldedthesignforfood（fingerspointingtowardsmouth）.Anothertime,inasimilarcontext,shemadethesignforchewinggumbutwithherhandonhisbody.Onathirdoccasion.Washoepickedupasmallchair,tookitovertoLoulis,setitdowninfrontofhim,andverydistinctlymadethechairsignthreetimes,watchinghimcloselyasshedidso.ThetwofoodsignsbecameincorporatedintoLoulis’svocabularybutthesignforchairdidnot.Obviouslytheprioritiesofayoungchimparesimilartothoseofahumanchild!Chimpanzeeswhohavebeentaughtalanguagecancombinesignscreativelyinordertodescribeobjectsforwhichtheyhavenosymbol.Washoe,forexample,puzzledhercaretakersbyasking,repeatedly,forarockberry.EventuallyittranspiredthatshewasreferringtoBrazilnutswhichshehadencounteredforthefirsttimeawhilebefore.Anotherlanguage-trainedchimpdescribedacucumberasagreenbanana.Theycaneveninventsigns.Lucy,asshegotolder,hadtobeputonaleashforheroutings.Oneday,eagertosetoffbuthavingnosignforleash,shesignaledherwishesbyholdingacrookedindexfingertotheringonhercollar.Thissignbecamepartofhervocabulary.81．TheexampleofWashoebeingsenttofetchanapplewhichisinanotherroomindicatesthat______.A.chimpsmayhavemorethanonewaytofetchfoodB.chimpscanassociateonesignwithanotherinameaningfulwayC.chimpscanlearnthesignsofASL,theAmericanSignLanguageusedbythedeafD.chimpshavetheirparticularwaysforfindingwhattheywant82．ThemainideaofParagraph2canbesummarizedas:______.A.chimpscanalsobetaughttoimitatetheireldersB.likehumanbeings,chimpscanalsolearnsomesignlanguagethroughself-taughtC.youngchimpscanbecleverenoughtowatchandlearnD.ayoungchimpissimilartoahumanchildinintelligencedevelopmenttoknowthenatureofsomeobjects83．Theword“transpire”inParagraph3canprobablymean______.A.itturnedoutthatB.ittransformedthatC.itseemedthatD.itmadeclearthat84．Fromwhatissaidinthepassagewecanconcludethat______.A.someanimalsdohaveintelligencetosomeextentB.chimpscanbetaughttousehumanlanguageifenoughtimeisgivenC.chimpscanevengeesesomeparticularsignstoexpresswhattheywantD.chimpscanbeascreativeashumanbeings85．Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe______.A.SomeNewResearchFindingsontheChimpanzeeMindB.ChimpanzeeCanBeMuchMoreIntelligentandCreativethanWeHadExpectedC.ChimpanzeeandSignLanguageD.ChimpanzeesAreProvedtoBeClosertoHumanBeingsinLanguageLearning【答案與解析】81．B 文章第一段段尾在提到此例時說到“Notonlydidshelearnsignseasily…objectitrepresented”，即Washoe不僅可以輕而易舉地學(xué)會符號語言，還能將它們以一種有意義的方式聯(lián)系起來。在她的腦海里，每個符號都有一個圖像與之對應(yīng)。隨后作者以蘋果為例進(jìn)行說明，故選項B正確。82．C 第二段主要介紹了Loulis經(jīng)過和Washoe的相處后，逐漸掌握了符號語言，并且作者還對這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了解釋，一是Loulis通過模仿學(xué)得；二是由Washoe教授。故選項C的敘述比較全面。83．A 文章先說到Washoe的舉動使caretakers很不解，緊接著又揭開這一困惑，故可以推斷“transpire”應(yīng)表示“結(jié)果是”，與選項A一致。84．A 文章講述了猩猩掌握了一些符號語言，故我們可以推知在某種程度上動物也是有一定智商的。故選項A正確。選項B文章并未提及；選項C是文章已經(jīng)說出的事實；選項D太過夸張。85．C 整篇文章僅僅是圍繞猩猩和符號語言展開講述，并未涉及其他，故選項C正確。Passage3ThePakistanipresident,Gen.PervezMusharraf,announcedheretodaythatadelegationofPakistaniofficialswouldflytotheTaliban’sheadquartersinthesouthernAfghancityofKandaharMondaytorenewdemandsthatthemilitiasurrenderSaudifugitiveOsamaBinLaden.U.S.officialshavenamedBinLaden,whohasbeengivenshelterbytheTalibanrulersinAfghanistan,astheprimesuspectinTuesday’sterroristattacksinWashingtonandNewYork.“Weareawareofthegravityofthesituationandknowthatinthelivesofnations,suchsituationsdoarisethatrequiremakingimportantdecisions,”MusharrafsaidatameetingwithPakistaninewspapereditors.TheTaliban’sleader,MohammadOmar,hasrefusedtogiveupbinLaden,claimingheisnotresponsiblefortheU.S.attacks.“ThePakistangovernmentisleaningontheTalibangovernmenttohandoverOsamatosavethisentireregionfromcatastrophe,”saidNajamSethi,editoroftheweeklynewspaperFridayTimes,whoparticipatedinthemeetingwithMusharraf.“Iamnotsurewhetherthereismuchchanceofthathappening,butthepressureisonfromthePakistangovernment.”PakistanhasbeenakeysupporteroftheTaliban,whichcontrolsmorethan90percentofAfghanistanandhasenforcedastrictinterpretationofIslamiclawinthecountry.Omar,theTalibanleader,todayconvenedanemergencymeetingofclerics（圣職人員）intheAfghancapital,Kabul.“AsregardsthepossibleattackbyAmericaonthesacredsoilofAfghanistan,veteranhonorableclericsshouldcometoKabulforashariadecision,”O(jiān)marsaidinastatementbroadcastontheTaliban’sRadioShariatoday.ShariaisI