華僑大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2017年華僑大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30points)1.consecutiveinterpreting【答案】交替?zhèn)髯g查看答案2.skopostheory【答案】目的論查看答案3.resistanttranslation【答案】抵抗翻譯查看答案4.spiritualsimilarity【答案】神似查看答案5.liaisoninterpreting【答案】聯(lián)絡(luò)口譯查看答案6.parataxis【答案】意合法查看答案7.intralingualtranslation【答案】語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯查看答案8.signlanguageinterpreting【答案】手語(yǔ)翻譯查看答案9.transitvisa【答案】過(guò)境簽證查看答案10.mannedspacecraft【答案】載人飛船查看答案11.shareholdingreform【答案】股份制改革查看答案12.Brexit【答案】英國(guó)脫歐查看答案13.tariffquota【答案】關(guān)稅配額查看答案14.basicmedicalinsurancesystem【答案】基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度查看答案15.personalincometax【答案】個(gè)人所得稅查看答案16.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值【答案】GrossNationalProduct(GNP)查看答案17.空間站【答案】Spacestation查看答案18.留守兒童【答案】Leftoverchildren查看答案19.城鎮(zhèn)化【答案】Urbanization查看答案20.物流行業(yè)【答案】Logisticsindustry查看答案21.機(jī)器翻譯【答案】Machinetranslation查看答案22.金牌榜【答案】Goldmedaltally查看答案23.高鐵【答案】High-speedtrain查看答案24.環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)【答案】Environmentalmonitoring查看答案25.語(yǔ)義翻譯【答案】Semantictranslation查看答案26.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯【答案】Computer-assistedtranslation查看答案27.翻譯腔【答案】Translationese查看答案28.翻譯單位【答案】Unitsoftransltion查看答案29.同聲傳譯【答案】Simultaneousinterpretation查看答案30.視譯【答案】Sightinterpreting查看答案Ⅱ.Translation(120points)1.E-CTranslation(60points):Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses—fiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.【參考譯文】書既然有小說(shuō)、傳記、詩(shī)歌之分，就應(yīng)區(qū)別對(duì)待，從各類書中取其應(yīng)該給予我們的東西。這話說(shuō)來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單。然而很少有人向索取它能給我們的東西，我們拿起書來(lái)往往懷著模糊而又雜亂的想法，要求小說(shuō)是真實(shí)的，詩(shī)歌是虛假的，傳記要吹捧，史書能加強(qiáng)我們自己的偏見(jiàn)。讀書時(shí)如能拋開(kāi)這些先人之見(jiàn)，便是極好的開(kāi)端。不要對(duì)作者指手畫腳，而要盡力與作者融為一體，共同創(chuàng)作，共同策劃。如果你不參與，不投入，而且一開(kāi)始就百般挑剔，那你就無(wú)緣從書中獲得最大的益處。你若敞開(kāi)心扉，虛懷若谷，那么，書中精細(xì)入微的寓意和暗示便會(huì)把你從一開(kāi)頭就碰上那些像是山回水轉(zhuǎn)般的句子帶出來(lái)，走到一個(gè)獨(dú)特地人物面前。鉆進(jìn)去熟悉他，你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者展示給你的或想要展示給你的是一些比原先要明確得多東西。不妨先來(lái)談?wù)勅绾巫x小說(shuō)吧。2.C-ETranslation(60points):美德好比寶石，它在樸素背景的襯托下反而更華麗。同樣，一個(gè)打扮并不華貴卻端莊嚴(yán)肅而有美德的人，是令人肅然起敬的。美貌的人并不都有其他方面的才能。因?yàn)樵煳锸橇邌莸模o了此就不再予彼。所以許多容顏俊秀的人卻一無(wú)作為。他們過(guò)于追求外形美而放棄了內(nèi)在美。但這話也不全對(duì)，因?yàn)閵W古斯都（Augusta）等，都既是大丈夫，又是美男子。仔細(xì)考究起來(lái)，形體之美是勝于顏色之美，而優(yōu)雅行為之美又勝于形體之美。最高的美是畫家所無(wú)法表現(xiàn)的，因?yàn)樗请y于直觀的。這是一種奇妙的美。……美是不能制訂規(guī)范的，創(chuàng)造它的常常是機(jī)遇，而不是公式。有許多臉型，就它的部分看并不優(yōu)美，但作為整體卻非常動(dòng)人。有些老人顯得很可愛(ài)，因?yàn)樗麄兊淖黠L(fēng)優(yōu)雅而美。拉丁諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)過(guò)：“晚秋的景色是最美好的”。而盡管有的年輕人具有美貌，卻由于缺乏優(yōu)美的修養(yǎng)而不配得到贊美。美猶如盛夏的水果，是容易腐爛而難以保持的。世上有許多美人，他們有過(guò)放蕩的青春，卻迎受著愧悔的晚年。因此，把美的形貌與美的德行結(jié)合起來(lái)吧。只有這樣，美才會(huì)放射出真正的光輝。【參考譯文】Virtueislikearichstone,bestplainset;andsurelyvirtueisbest,inabodythatiscomely,thoughnotofdelicatefeatures;andthathathratherdignityofpresence,thanbeautyofaspect.Neitherisitalmostseen,thatverybeautifulpersonsareotherwiseofgreatvirtue;asifnaturewereratherbusy,nottoerr,thaninlabortoproduceexcellency.Andthereforetheyproveaccomplished,butnotofgreatspirit;andstudyratherbehavior,thanvirtue.Butthisholdsnotalways:forthemenlikeAugustusCaesarwereallhighandgreatspirits;andyetthemostbeautifulmenoftheirtimes.Inbeauty,thatoffavor,ismorethanthatofcolor;andthatofdecentandgraciousmotion,morethanthatoffavor.Thatisthebestpartofbeauty,whichapicturecannotexpress;no,northefirstsightofthelife...NotbutIthinkapaintermaymakeabetterfacethaneverwas;buthemustdoitbyakindoffelicity,andnotbyrule.Amanshallseefaces,thatifyouexaminethempartbypart,youshallfindneveragood;andyetaltogetherdowell.Ifitbetruethattheprincipalpartofbeautyisindecentmotion,certainlyitisnomarvel,thoughpersonsinyearsseemmanytimesmoreamiable;pulchrorumautumnspulcher;fornoyouthcanbecomelybutbypardon,andconsideringtheyouth,astomakeupthecomelin