華南理工大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2011年華南理工大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解PartⅠ. VocabularyandGrammar(30points,1pointforeach)Directions:AftereachstatementtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonlyonechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement.WriteyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.1.Pleaseexplainyourstatement.Ihaveno_____whatyouaretalkingabout.A.contemplationB.normC.notionD.imagination【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：請(qǐng)解釋一下你的聲明。我不明白你在說(shuō)些什么。contemplation沉思。norm標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。notion概念。imagination想象。因此，本題的正確答案選C。2.OnAugust18ththepresidentannouncedageneral_____forpoliticalexiles.A.yogaB.adoC.quartetD.amnesty【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：8月18日，總統(tǒng)對(duì)政治流亡者頒布了一條特赦令。yoga瑜伽。ado忙亂。quartet四重唱。amnesty大赦。因此，本題的正確答案選D。3.Whentwostraightlinesmeet,_____anangle.A.formedB.itisformedC.theyformD.toform【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：兩條直線相交，就形成了一個(gè)夾角。該句中主句缺少主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由從句可知，主語(yǔ)是指twostraightlines，則主語(yǔ)用they，form用復(fù)數(shù)形式。因此，本題的正確答案選C。4.Itisnot_____muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthenoveldifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.thatC.soD.very【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：與其說(shuō)語(yǔ)言不通，不如說(shuō)是背景造成這部小說(shuō)難以理解。notsomuchAasB為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“與其說(shuō)是A，不如說(shuō)是B”。因此，本題的正確答案選C。5.Themachinegotsomewhateroded,butthisoilwill_____itwell.A.extinctB.decorateC.illuminateD.lubricate【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：這個(gè)機(jī)器有點(diǎn)勞損，但是這種油有很好的潤(rùn)滑效果。extinct滅絕的。decorate裝飾。illuminate照亮。lubricate潤(rùn)滑。因此，本題的正確答案選D。6.Thedigestiveenzymepepsinbreaksdownproteinsintocomponents_____readilyabsorbedbythehumanbody.A.thatcanbeB.andareC.whichtheyD.aretobe【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：胃蛋白消化酶能分解蛋白質(zhì)，以便人體很快吸收。這里括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞為先行詞，引導(dǎo)的后面的句子為定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)修飾前面的components，又因?yàn)椤氨蝗梭w吸收”是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此，本題的正確答案選A。7._____theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,thebasicexemplaryfunctionoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.A.WhateverB.EventhoughC.InspiteofD.Regardless【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：盡管隨著時(shí)間的推移，文學(xué)作品中的英雄本色有所改變，但是其所起的模范作用恒久不變。whatever無(wú)論怎樣。eventhough即使。inspiteofsth.盡管。regardless(ofsth.)盡管。因此，本題的正確答案選B。8.Thebabymonkey_____toitsmotherallday.A.heldB.graspedC.clungD.stuck【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：這只小猴子整天緊偎在母親身邊。hold拿著。grasp抓著。clingto緊偎，挨著。stickto堅(jiān)持，粘著。其中stick指一個(gè)人或一個(gè)物體依附于另一個(gè)，也指互相依存，而cling一般指依附另一個(gè)人或另一物體，暗示必須受到支持、支撐。因此，本題的正確答案選C。9._____atinthisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.A.LookedB.LookingC.TolookD.Beinglooked【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：這樣看來(lái)，情況并沒有那么讓人絕望。句子主語(yǔ)是thesituation，則look與主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因?yàn)楫?dāng)過(guò)去分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面的be動(dòng)詞可以省略，則D選項(xiàng)排除。因此，本題的正確答案選A。10.Becausecaricaturetendstoemphasizethepeculiaritiesofasubject,_____aneffectivevehicleforpictorialsatire.A.whichisoftenB.andoftenseenasC.itisoftenD.manyofwhichare【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：由于漫畫著重強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)物體的特點(diǎn)，因此它常常是用于圖片諷刺的有效工具。because引導(dǎo)的是從句，后句是主句，因此只有C選項(xiàng)可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子。因此，本題的正確答案選C。11.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatMary_____herstudyinspiteofsomeleaningdifficulties.A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continues【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：盡管困難重重，但瑪麗繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)仍是非常重要的。Itisessentialthatsb.(should)dosth.從句中應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。因此，本題的正確答案選C。12.Please_____thestaffthattheinspectorswillbehereonMondayandletthemmakegoodpreparations.A.modifyB.ratifyC.rectifyD.notify【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：檢察人員將于周一到達(dá)，請(qǐng)通知全體員工做好準(zhǔn)備。modify修改。ratify批準(zhǔn)。rectify改正。notify通知。因此，本題的正確答案選D。13.Themeetingtookonadifferent_____afterhismovingspeech.A.presageB.postureC.travestyD.trauma【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：在他激動(dòng)人心的演講之后，會(huì)議上出現(xiàn)了不同的立場(chǎng)。presage預(yù)示。posture立場(chǎng)。travesty歪曲，曲解。trauma心靈創(chuàng)傷。因此，本題的正確答案選B。14.Inthenineteenthcentury,SamuelGridleyHowefoundedthePerkinsSchoolfortheblind,_____forchildreninBoston,Massachusetts.A.thatinstitutesB.whileinstitutedC.wasaninstitutionD.aninstitute【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：19世紀(jì)，塞穆爾·格里德利·豪爾建立了帕金斯盲童學(xué)校。這所學(xué)校位于馬薩諸塞州的波士頓。括號(hào)內(nèi)引導(dǎo)的句子是thePerkinsSchoolfortheblind的同位語(yǔ)從句，用于對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步的解釋說(shuō)明，不作主句中的成分。因此，本題的正確答案選D。15.Peopleinprehistorictimescreatedpaintsbygrindingmaterialssuchasplantsandclayintopowder_____.A.watertobeaddedB.foraddingwaterthenC.andwateraddedD.andthenaddingwater【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：史前人類將植物、粘土等磨成粉末并添加水制成顏料。addingwater與grindingmaterials是by后面的并列動(dòng)詞。andthen于是，然后。因此，本題的正確答案選D。16.Whileshehadthefever,she______forhours.A.ravedB.sniggeredC.perforatedD.tittered【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：她發(fā)燒時(shí)，胡言亂語(yǔ)了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。rave胡言亂語(yǔ)。snigger竊笑。perforate穿孔于……。titter傻笑。因此，本題的正確答案選A。17.SeeingtheGeneralcominghisway,thesoldierstoppedandgavehimasmart_____.A.toastB.saluteC.tributeD.solution【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：看見將軍朝他走過(guò)來(lái)，士兵停下來(lái)敬了一個(gè)漂亮的軍禮。toast敬酒。salute敬禮。tribute哀悼。solution解決方法。因此，本題的正確答案選B。18.Oftenveryannoyingweeds,_____andactashoststomanyinsectpests.A.thatcrowdoutlesshardyplantsthangoldenrodsB.crowdingoutlesshardyplantsbygoldenrodsC.thegoldenrodscrowdingoutoflesshardyplantsD.goldenrodscrowdoutlesshardyplants【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：麒麟草會(huì)排擠其他植物并給害蟲提供生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，通常十分惹人討厭。劃線處所在句子為主句，主句缺少主語(yǔ)。因此，本題的正確答案選D。19.Ifyouspillhotliquidonyourskinitwill_____you.A.scaleB.scaldC.shunD.shunt【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：熱水撒到皮膚上會(huì)燙傷。scale衡量。scald燙傷。shun避開。shunt使分流。因此，本題的正確答案選B。20.Startingaround7000B.C.,andforthenextfourthousandyears,muchoftheNorthernHemisphere_____temperatureswarmerthanatpresent.A.withexperienceofB.experiencedC.experiencingD.experience【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：從公元前7000年開始，在接下來(lái)的四千年中，北半球大部分地區(qū)經(jīng)歷的溫度比現(xiàn)在要高。從語(yǔ)境上分析可知，括號(hào)內(nèi)所填單詞為主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)。因此本題的正確答案選B。21.Didyougetany_____whenyouaredismissedfromyourjob?A.fundB.loanC.bonusD.compensation【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：你失業(yè)時(shí)有沒有拿到補(bǔ)償金？fund基金。loan貸款。bonus獎(jiǎng)金。compensation補(bǔ)償金。因此，本題的正確答案選D。22.Whenyouaresufferingfrom_____youhaveredspotsonyourskinandyoufeelasifyouhaveacold.A.apathyB.schizophreniaC.impotenceD.measles【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：得了麻疹的感覺跟感冒一樣，而且皮膚上會(huì)長(zhǎng)小紅點(diǎn)。apathy漠然，冷淡。schizophrenia精神分裂癥。impotence陽(yáng)痿。measles麻疹。因此，本題的正確答案選D。23.Hewas_____onthetelephonesoIaskedhimtospeakmoreclearly.A.mutteringB.grumblingC.gropingD.shuddering【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他在電話里輕聲低語(yǔ)，所以我讓他說(shuō)清楚一點(diǎn)。mutter輕聲低語(yǔ)，喃喃自語(yǔ)。grumble抱怨，嘟囔。grope摸索，探索。shudder發(fā)抖，戰(zhàn)栗。因此，本文的正確答案選A。24.Now,withthe_____andpopularityofthehomecomputer,itsadvantagesanddisadvantageshavebeenasubjectofdiscussion.A.adventureB.advanceC.adventD.adult【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如今，隨著家庭電腦的出現(xiàn)和普及，它的利弊已成為了人們討論的主題。adventure冒險(xiǎn)。advance發(fā)展。advent出現(xiàn)。adult成年人。因此，本題的正確答案選C。25.They_____evidenceandthreatenedwitnessesnottotellthetruthtoanyoneelse.A.producedB.fabricatedC.createdD.manipulated【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他們偽造了證據(jù)，并恐嚇目擊者，不許他向任何人講實(shí)話。produce生產(chǎn)。fabricate偽造。create創(chuàng)造。manipulate操縱。因此，本題的正確答案選B。26.Isthereanypossible_____explanationforhisbadhealthsinceheseemstohavenoobviousdisease?A.psychiatricB.psychologicalC.surgicalD.physical【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：因?yàn)樗雌饋?lái)沒有明顯的疾病，能否從心理學(xué)的角度解釋他的健康問(wèn)題？psychiatric精神病學(xué)的。psychological心理學(xué)的。surgical外科的。physical身體的。因此，本題的正確答案選B。27.Manyanimalsdisplay_____instinctsonlywhiletheiroffspringareyoungandhelpless.A.cerebralB.imperiousC.ruefulD.maternal【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：許多動(dòng)物只會(huì)在他們孩子年幼無(wú)助時(shí)才會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出他們的母性。cerebral重理智的。imperious專橫的。rueful悲傷的。maternal母性的。因此，本題的正確答案選D。28._____thebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight,soitwouldbeseveralhoursbeforetheycouldarrive.A.PresumablyB.RespectivelyC.ImaginablyD.Plausibly【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：大概因?yàn)閻毫拥奶鞖庵率癸w機(jī)晚點(diǎn)，因此還有幾個(gè)小時(shí)他們才能抵達(dá)。presumably大概。respectively分別地。imaginably可想象地。plausibly似真地。因此，本題的正確答案選A。29.Theysendinformationeveryweek,_____whetheritisusefulornot.A.inconsiderationofB.irrespectiveofC.withtheexceptionofD.withregardto【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他們每星期都發(fā)來(lái)信息，不管那些信息有沒有用。inconsiderationof考慮到。irrespectiveof不管。withtheexceptionof除了……以外。withregardto關(guān)于。因此，本題的正確答案選B。30.Childrenofpoorhealtharevery_____tocoldsinwinterandshouldbetakencareofparticularly.A.willingB.readyC.reluctantD.prone【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：身體差的孩子在冬天很容易就感冒，他們需要得到特別的關(guān)照。bewillingto樂(lè)意做……。bereadyto準(zhǔn)備做……。bereluctantto不情愿做……。beproneto易于……。因此，本題的正確答案選D。PartⅡ. ReadingComprehension(50points)Section1 Multiplechoicequestions(30points,3pointsforeach)Directions:Inthissectionthereare2readingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenwriteyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.Passage1Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeatslevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.31.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat_____.A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgroundsB.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudentsC.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudentsabilityD.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible32.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmithsteachers_____.A.toprovidesupportforhisargumentB.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildrenC.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessfulD.toshowhowpoorOliver’s’performancewasatschool33.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho_____.A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclassB.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooftenC.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfullyD.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers34.Accordingtothepassageauthor,thedevelopmentofhighlygiftedstudentsisattributed_____.A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathomeB.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparentscoachingC.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltrainingD.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent35.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat_____.A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftroubleB.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachersC.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethemD.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents【答案與解析】31.B 作者在文中表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，天才學(xué)生經(jīng)常覺得他們比老師知道的多，以及學(xué)校的功課沒有挑戰(zhàn)性。他們不循規(guī)蹈矩，而且很容易與老師發(fā)生沖突。由此推測(cè)，學(xué)校通常不能滿足天才學(xué)生的需要。故選B。32.A 推斷題。由第一段以及第二段的第一句可知，作者引用名人軼事證明許多有成就的人對(duì)學(xué)校經(jīng)歷評(píng)價(jià)不高。因此，作者在文中第二段提及OliverGoldsmiths的名言是為了證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。33.C 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段的第一、二句話可知，畢加索屬于第一句話中所提到的，在學(xué)校里表現(xiàn)不好、天賦不是學(xué)術(shù)方面的天才。也就是說(shuō)，畢加索不能很好地適應(yīng)學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。34.A 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段的第一句話可知，天才學(xué)生認(rèn)為相較于學(xué)校教育而言，他們?cè)诩宜艿降慕逃龑?duì)他們能力的發(fā)展更加重要。故選A。35.C 全文主旨題。結(jié)合語(yǔ)篇分析和前面幾道題可知，天才學(xué)生與學(xué)校之間錨段的焦點(diǎn)不在老師，而在于學(xué)校沒能滿足天才學(xué)生的需求，不能引起他們的興趣。也就是說(shuō)，學(xué)校不能給他們靈感，不能激勵(lì)他們。故選C。Passage2ItcameassomethingofasurprisewhenDiana,PrincessofWales,madeatriptoAngolain1997,tosupporttheRedCross’scampaignforatotalbanonallanti-personnellandmines.WithinhoursofarrivinginAngola,televisionscreensaroundtheworldwerefilledwithimagesofhercomfortingvictimsinjuredinexplosionscausedbylandmines.“Iknewthestatistics,”shesaid.“Butputtingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome;likewhenImetSandra,a13-year-oldgirlwhohadlostherleg,andpeoplelikeher.”ThePrincessconcludedwithasimplemessage:“Wemuststoplandmines”.Andsheusedeveryopportunityduringhervisittorepeatthismessage.But,backinLondon,herviewswerenotsharedbysomemembersoftheBritishgovernment,whichrefusedtosupportabanontheseweapons.AngrypoliticianslaunchedanattackonthePrincessinthepress.Theydescribedheras“veryill-informed”anda“l(fā)oosecannon”.ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidetheCriticisms:“Thisisadistractionwedonotneed.AllI’mtryingtodoishelp.”O(jiān)ppositionparties,themediaandthepublicimmediatelyvoicedtheirsupportforthePrincess.Tomakemattersworseforthegovernment,itsoonemergedthatthePrincess’striphadbeenapprovedbytheForeignOffice,andthatshewasinfactverywell-informedaboutboththesituationinAngolaandtheBritishgovernment’spolicyregardinglandmines.Theresultwasasevereembarrassmentforthegovernment.Totryandlimitthedamage,theForeignSecretary,MalcolmRifkidnd,claimedthatthePrincess’sviewsonlandmineswerenotverydifferentfromgovernmentpolicy,andthatitwas“workingtowards”aworldwideban.TheDefenceSecretary,MichaelPortillo,claimedthematterwas“amisinterpretationormisunderstanding.”—ForthePrincess,thetriptothiswar-torncountrywasanexcellentopportunitytouseherpopularitytoshowtheworldhowmuchdestructionandsufferinglandminescancause.Shesaidthattheexperiencehadalsogivenherthechancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems.36.PrincessDianapaidavisittoAngolain1997_____.A.toclarifytheBritishgovernment’sstandonlandminesB.toestablishherimageasafriendoflandminevictimsC.toinvestigatethesufferingsoflandminevictimsthereD.tovoicehersupportforatotalbanoflandmines37.WhatdidDianameanwhenshesaid“...puttingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome”(Paragraph1)?A.Meetingthelandminevictimsinpersonmadeherbelievethestatistics.B.Shejustcouldn’tbeartomeetthelandminevictimsfacetoface.C.TheactualsituationinAngolamadeherfeellikegoingbackhome.D.Seeingthepainofthevictimsmadeherrealizetheseriousnessofthesituation.38.SomemembersoftheBritishgovernmentcriticizedDianabecause_____.A.shehadnotconsultedthegovernmentbeforethevisitB.shewasill-informedofthegovernment’spolicyC.theywereactuallyopposedtobanninglandminesD.theybelievedthatshehadmisinterpretedthesituationinAngola39.HowdidDianarespondtothecriticisms?A.Shemademore:appearancesonTV.B.Shepaidnoattentiontothem.C.Sherosetoarguewithheropponents.D.Shemetthe13-year-oldgirlasplanned.40.WhatdidPrincessDianathinkofhervisittoAngola?A.IthadcausedembarrassmenttotheBritishgovernment.B.Ithadgreatlypromotedherpopularity.C.Ithadbroughtherclosertotheordinarypeople.D.IthadaffectedherrelationswiththeBritishgovernment.【答案與解析】36.D 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第一句話可知，戴安娜王妃是去支持禁止地雷的運(yùn)動(dòng)的。故選D。37.D 語(yǔ)義理解題。由第一段最后一句話可知，盡管戴安娜王妃早就從數(shù)據(jù)上知道了因地雷傷亡的人數(shù)，但是當(dāng)她親眼見到了人們的情況后，她才真正地感受到了現(xiàn)實(shí)的殘酷。故選D。38.C 語(yǔ)義推斷題。由文章的第二段的第三句話可知，戴安娜王妃的言論被議會(huì)一些成員所反對(duì)，也因此他們指責(zé)戴安娜王妃“veryill-formed”。故選C。39.B 語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”，可以定位到文章的第二段的中間部分“ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidetheCriticisms”，其中“brushingaside”意為“漠視、忽視”。故選B。40.C 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段的最后一句話可知，戴安娜王妃認(rèn)為這次安哥拉之行使她能夠有機(jī)會(huì)接近人們以及了解他們的困難。故選C。Section2 Answeringquestions(20points,4pointsforeach)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandtheanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionsfollowingeachpassage.UseonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavereadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERSHEET.Passage3AttheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,psychologyprofessorBellaDePaulogot77studentsand70townspeopletovolunteerforanunusualproject.Allkeptdiariesforaweek,recordingthenumbersanddetailsoftheliestheytold.OnestudentandsixCharlottesvilleresidentsprofessedtohavetoldnofalsehoods.Theother140participantstold1,535.Theliesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswouldcallearth-shattering.Someonewouldpretendtobemorepositiveorsupportiveofaspouseorfriendthanheorshereallywas,orfeignagreementwitharelative’sopinion.AccordingtoDePaulo,womenintheirinteractionswithotherwomenliedmostlytosparetheother’sfeelings.Menliedtoothermengenerallyforself-promotingreasons.Moststrikingly,thesetellers-of-a-thousand-liesreportedthattheirdeceptionscausedthem“l(fā)ittlepreoccupationorregret”.Mightthat,too,bealie?Perhaps.Butthereisevidencethatthisattitudetowardcasualuseofprevaricationiscommon.Forexample,20,000middle-and-high-schoolersweresurveyedbytheJosephsonInstituteofEthics—anonprofitorganizationinMarinadeRey,Calif.,devotedtocharactereducation.Ninety-twopercentoftheteenagersadmittedhavingliedtotheirparentsinthepreviousyear,and73percentcharacterizedthemselvesas“serialliars”,meaningtheytoldliesweekly.Despitetheseadmissions,91percentofallrespondentssaidtheywere“satisfiedwithmyownethicsandcharacter”.Thinkhowoftenweheartheexpression“I’llcallyou”or“Thecheckisinthemail”or“I’msorry,buthesteppedout”.Andthenthereareprofessions—lawyers,pundits,PRconsultants—whosemembersseemtospecializeinshapingorspinningthetruthtosuitclients’needs.Littlewhitelieshavebecomeubiquitous,andthereasonwegiveeachotherfortellingfibsarefamiliar.Consider,forexample,aSouthernCaliforniacorporateexecutivewhomI’llcallTom.Hegoeswithhiswifeandsontohismother-in-law’shomeforThanksgivingdinnereveryyear.Tomdislikesher“special”pumpkinpieintensely.Invariablyhetellsherhowwonderfulitis,toavoidhurtingherfeelings.“What’swrongwiththat?”TomaskedMichaelJosephson,presidentoftheJosephsonInstitute.It’saquestionwemightallask.JosephsonrepliedbyaskingTomtoconsidertheliefromhismother-in-law’spointofview.SupposethatonedayTom’schildblurtsoutthetruth,andshediscoversthedeceit.Willshetellherson-in-law,“Thankyouforcaringsomuch?”O(jiān)risshemorelikelytofeelhurtandsay,“Howcouldyouhavemisledmealltheseyears?”AndwhatmightTom’smother-in-lawnowsuspectaboutherowndaughter?AndwillTom’sboylietohisparentsandyetbesatisfiedwithhisowncharacter?Howoftendowecomplimentpeopleonhowwelltheylook,orexpressourappreciationforgifts,whenwedon’treallymeanit?Surely,these“nicelies”areharmlessandwellintended,anecessarysociallubricant.But,likeTom,weshouldrememberthewordsofEnglishnovelistSirWalterScot,whowrote,“Whatatangledwebweweave,whenfirstwepracticetodeceive.”Evenseeminglyharmlessfalsehoodscanhaveunforeseenconsequences.PhilosopherSisselaBokwarnsusthattheycanputusonaslipperyslope.“Afterthefirstlies,otherscancomemoreeasily,”shewroteinherbookLying:MoralChoiceinPublicandPrivateLife.“Psychologicalbarriersweardown;theabilitytomakemoredistinctionscancoarsen;theliar’sperceptionofhischancesofbeingcaughtmaywarp.”Takethepumpkin-pielies.Inthefirstplace,itwasn’tjustthathewantedhismother-in-lawtofeelgood.Whetherherealizeditornot,hereallywantedhertothinkhighlyofhim.Andaftertheinitialdeceitheneededtotellmoreliestocoverupthefirstone.Whobelievesitanymorewhenthey’retoldthatthepersontheywanttoreachbyphoneis“inameeting”?Byitself,thatkindoflieisofnogreatconsequence.Still,theendlessproliferationoftheselittleprevaricationsdoesmatter.Oncethey’vebecomecommonenough,eventhesmalluntruththatarenotmeanttohurtencourageacertaincynicismandlossoftrust.“when(trust)isdamaged,”warnsBok,“thecommunityasawholesuffers;andwhenitisdestroyed,societiesfalterandcollapse.”Areallwhiteliestobeavoidedatallcosts?Notnecessarily.Themostunderstandableandforgivableliesareanexchangeofwhatethicistsrefertoastheprincipleofcaring,“l(fā)iketellingchildrenaboutthetoothfairy,ordeceivingsomeonetosetthemupforasurpriseparty,”Josephsonsays.“Still,wemustaskourselvesifwearewillingtogiveourfriendsandassociatestheauthoritytolietouswhenevertheythinkitisforourowngood.”Josephsonsuggestsasimpletest.Ifsomeoneyoulietofindsoutthetruth,willhethankyouforcaring?Orwillhefeelhislong-termtrustinyouhasbeenundermined?Andifyou’renotsure,MarkTwainhasgivenusagoodruleofthumb.“Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends.”41.Identifyother4correspondingsynonymsornear-synonymsfortheword“l(fā)ie”inthepassage.42.PleasecommentonMarkTwain’sruleofthumb:“Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends.”【答案與解析】41.Thefourcorrespondingsynonymsornear-synonymsarefalsehood,prevarications,fibanduntruth.（falsehood“說(shuō)謊，假話”；prevarication“搪塞，撒謊”；fib撒小謊”；untruth“虛假，謊言”。）42.Inmypart,thesayingfromMarkTwainreallymakessenseinthereallife.Throughthepassage,tellingthelies,evenharmlessfalsehoods,couldcausesomeunforeseenconsequences,whilelittlewhiteliescouldmaketherelationshipsmoreharmonious.Thus,whenwe’renotsure,weshouldrememberthattheharmoniouscombinationofthesedifferentideasmaybethebestchoice.Undersuchcondition,tellingthetruthwouldbeabetterwaytogetacloserrelationship.（MarkTwain這句話的意思是“拿不定主意時(shí)，就實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō)。這樣會(huì)讓你的敵人不知所措，讓你的朋友驚嘆不已”。）Passage4Onthewhole,booksarelesslimitedthanourselves.Oftentheysitontheshelvesabsorbingdustlongafterthewriterhasturnedintoahandfulofdust—anditispreciselytheappetiteforthisposthumousdimensionthatsetsone’speninmotion.Soaswetossandturntheserectangularobjectsinourhandswewon’tbeterriblyamissifwesurmisethatwefondle,asitwere,theurnswithourreturningashes.Afterall,whatgoesintowritingabookis,ultimately,aman’sonlylife.Whoeversaidthattophilosophizeisanexerciseindyingwasrightinmorewaysthanone,forbywritingabooknobodygetsyounger.Nordoesonebecomeanyyoungerbyreadingone.Sincethisisso,ournaturalpreferenceshouldbeforgoodbooks.Theparadox,however,liesinthefactthatinliterature“good”isdefinedbyitsdistinctionfrom“bad”.What’smore,towriteagoodbook,awritermustreadagreatdealofpulp—otherwisehewon’tbeabletodevelopthenecessarycriteria.That’swhatmayconstitutebadliterature’sbestdefenseattheLastJudgment.Sinceweareallmoribund,andsincereadingbooksistime-consuming,wemustdeviseasystemthatallowsusasemblanceofeconomy.Ofcourse,thereisnodenyingthepleasureofholdingupwithafat,slow-moving,mediocrenovel;butintheend,wereadnotforreading’ssakebuttolearn.Hencetheneedfortheworksthatbringthehumanpredicamentintoitssharpestpossiblefocus.Hence,too,theneedforsomecompassintheoceanofavailableprintedmatter.Theroleofthatcompass,ofcourse,isplayedbyliterarycriticism,byreviewers.Alas,itsneedleoscillateswildly.Whatisnorthforsomeissouthforothers.Thetroublewitharevieweristhreefold:(a)hecanbeahack,andasignorantasourselves;(b)hecanhavestrongpredilectionsforacertainkindofwritingorsimplybeonthetakewiththepublishingindustry;and(c)ifheisawriteroftalent,hewillturnhisreviewwritingintoanindependentartform—GeorgeLuisBorgesisacaseinpoint—andyoumayendupreadingreviewsratherthanthebooks.Inanycase,youfindyourselvesadriftintheocean,clingingtoaraftwhoseabilitytostayafloatyouarenotsosureof.Thealternative,therefore,wouldbetodevelopyourowntaste,tobuildyourowncompass,tofamiliarizeyourself,asitwere,withparticularstarsandconstellations—dimorbrightbutalwaysremote.This,however,takesahellofalotoftimeandyoumayeasilyfindyourselfoldandgrey,headingfortheexitwithalousyvolumeunderyourarm.Sowhereisone’sterrafirma,eventhoughitmaybebutanuninhabitableisland?WhereisourgoodmanFriday?BeforeIcomeupwithmysuggestion,I’dliketosayafewwordsaboutmyhumbleself—notbecauseofmypersonalvanity,butbecauseIbelievethatthevalueofanideaisrelatedtothecontextinwhichitemerges.Indeed,hadIbeenapublisher,I’dbeputtingonmybooks’coversnotonlytheirauthor’snamesbutalsotheexactageatwhichtheycomposedthisorthatwork,toenabletheirreaderstodecidewhethertheycaretoreckonwiththeviewscontainedinabookwrittenbyapersonsomuchyounger—orsomucholder—thanthemselves.Thesourceofthesuggestiontocomebelongstothecategoryofpeopleforwhomliteraturehasalwaysbeenamatterofsomehundrednames;tothepeoplewhofeelawkwardatlargegatherings,donotdanceatparties,tendtofindmetaphysicalexcusesforadultery,andarefinickyaboutdiscussingpolitics;thepeoplewhodislikethemselvesfarmorethantheirdetractorsdo;whostillpreferalcoholandtobaccotoheroinormarijuana—thosewho,inW.H.Auden’swords,“onewillnotfindonthebarricadesandwhonevershootthemselvesortheirlovers”.Ifsuchpeopleoccasionallyfindthemselvesswimmingintheirbloodonthefloorofprisoncellsorspeakingformaplatform,itisbecausetheyobjectnottosomeparticularinjusticebuttheorderoftheworldasawhole.Theyhavenoillusionabouttheobjectivityoftheirviews;onthecontrary,theyinsistontheirunpardonablesubjectivity.Theyactinthisfashion,however,notforthepurposeofshieldingthemselvesformpossibleattack.TakingthestanceoppositetoDarwinian—theyconsidervulnerabilitytheprimarytraitoflivingmatter.Thishaslesstodowithmasochistictendenciesthanwiththeirinstinctiveknowledgethatextremesubjectiv