英語不規(guī)則動詞過去式及其用法

不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞原型，過去式，和過去分詞完全不同drink---drank drunkringrang rungswimswamswumsingsangsungsink sank sunkblowblewblowngrowgrew grownknow---knew---knownfly flew flowntake took takenshake shook shakendrive drove drivenwrite---wrote---writtenrise---rose---risenride rode riddenspeak spoke spokensteal stole stolenbreak broke brokenwake woke wokenfreeze froze frozenforget forgot forgottenchoose chose chosendraw drew drawneat ate eatenfall fell fallengive gave givenhide hid hiddensee saw seendo did done過去式與過去分詞完全相同bright brought broughtthink thought thoughtfight fought foughtbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtsell sold soldtell told toldsay said saidpay paid paidsend sent sentlend lent lentspend spent spentburn burnt burntlearn learnt learntmean meant meantfeel felt feltsmell smelt smeltsleep slept sleptsweep---slept sleptleave left leftbuildbuiltbuiltloselostlostget gotgotmeet metmetsit sat satshoot shot shotlead led ledspit spat spathavehad hadholdheld heldmakemademadestandstood---stoodhear heard heardfind found founddig dug dugshine shone shoneunderstand understood understoodwin won won原型與過去分詞相同come came comerun ran runbecome became become原形與過去式和過去分詞完全相同cast cast castcut cut cutput put putlet let letset set sethit hit hitshut shut shuthang hung hung吊，掛lie---lied---lied說謊lie---lay---lain躺下，位于，平放hanged hanged處絞刑lay---laid---laid置放。動詞 過去式be(am\is) wasare werecome camego wentdo(does) didfly flewdraw drewmake madesingsanghave(has) hadeat atedrink drankput putlet letread readcancouldseesawmeetmetgetforgettakegotforgottookcancouldmayshallmightshouldwillknowwouldknewbeginbendbeganbentbuildspendbuiltspentmeanlearnmeantlearntlearnedbuythinkboughtthoughtteachcatchtaughtcaughtsleepsleptsweepkeepspeakridesweptkeptspokerodefeelleavefeltleftgivegaverunranringsitrangsatswimswamsaystandtellsaidstoodtoldthrowthrewwinwonwritewrote不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成1?把動詞原形中的i改為a,變成過去式。如：begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam2.把重讀開音節(jié)中的i改為o,變成過去式。如：drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote3.改動詞原形中的aw/ow為ew,變成過去式。如：draw一drew,grow一grew,know一knew,throw一threw〔動詞show除外，show一showed〕4?動詞原形中的e改為o,變成過去式。如：get—got，forget—forgot5?動詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過去式。如：feed—fed,meet—met6?動詞原形中的eep改為ept，變成過去式。如：keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept7.動詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過去式。如：break—broke,speak—spoke8?動詞原形中的ell改為old,變成過去式。如：sell—sold,tell—told9?動詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過去式。如：stand—stood,understand—understood以ought和aught結(jié)尾，且讀音是[:t]的過去式。如：bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為[ud]的情態(tài)動詞過去式。如：can—could,shall—should,will—would12?把動詞原形中的o改為a,變成過去式。如：come—came,become—became13?在動詞原形后加d或t變成過去式，并且發(fā)生音變。如：hear[hi]—heard[h:d],say[sei]—said[sed],mean[mi:n]—meant[ment]動詞的過去式與動詞原形一樣。如：let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read[red]不符合上述規(guī)律的動詞過去式。如：am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have／has—had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞巧記方法動詞的過去式和過去分詞是初中英語教學(xué)中的重點,而有些動詞的不規(guī)則變化是這些重點中的難點,但這些不規(guī)則變化也不是毫無規(guī)律可循的?，F(xiàn)將初中英語中一些常用的不規(guī)則動詞變化介紹如下。一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。如：cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,put-put-put,cost-cost-cost,let-let-let,shut-shut-shut,set-set-set,hurt-hurt-hurt,spread-spread-spread特殊：動詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。二、有些動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的。如：come-came-come,become-became-become,run-ran-run,overcome-overcame-overcome三、有些動詞的過去式和過去分詞相同。如：把單詞結(jié)尾的字母d改為t。如：lend-lent-lent,spend-spent-spent,send-sent-sent改變單詞中間元音字母。如：sit-sat-sat,win-won-won,shine-shone-shone,hold-held-held以eep結(jié)尾的動詞，把eep改為ept。如：keep-kept-kept,sleep-slept-slept,sweep-swept-swept過去式和過去分詞都以augh或ough結(jié)尾的動詞。如：buy-bought-bought,fight-fought-fought,think-thought-thought,bring-brought-brought,teach-taught-taught,catch-caught-caught有的以ay結(jié)尾的動詞，在過去式和過去分詞中把ay變成aid。如：say-said-said,lay-laid-laid,pay-paid-paid另有一些其它形式的變化。如:have-had-had,learn-learnt-learnt,leave-left-left,lose-lost-lost,make-made-made,meet-met-met,feel-felt-felt四、有些動詞原形中含有字母i,在過去式中變i為a,在過去分詞中變i為u。如：五、 以字母ow或aw結(jié)尾的動詞，在變成過去式時，通常把元音字母變成e，在變成過去分詞時，通常只在詞尾加n。如：blow-blew-blown,draw-drew-drawn,grow-grew-grown,throw-threw-thrown,know-knew-known六、 有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en,變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。如：rise-rose-risen,give-gave-given,take-took-taken,fall-fell-fallen,drive-drove-driven,eat-ate-eaten特殊：write-wrote-written,speak-spoke-spoken,ride-rode-ridden,get-got-gotten雅思、托福、高考、SAT考試英語不規(guī)則動詞強化速成〔一〕原形、過去式、過去分詞同形(13個〕。putfputfput,hit—hit—hit,let—let—let,cost—cost—cost,spread—spread—spread.broadcast—broadcast—broadcastshut—shut—shutupset—upset—upsetcast—cast—castread—read—readcut—cut—cuthurt—hurt—hurtset—set—sete.g.Ihavereadthisbooktwicebefore.這本書我已經(jīng)讀過兩遍了。?Thebookhitmeonthehead.書打中了我的腦袋。?Iputtheappleinthecorner.我把蘋果放在墻角。〔二〕原形動詞+同形的過去式、過去分詞〔61個〕。如winfwonfwon,bindfboundfboundbleedfbledfbledbringfbroughtfbroughtbuyfboughtfboughtcatchfcaughtfcaughtdealfdealtfdealtdigfdugfdug,dreamfdreamtfdreamtfdreamedfdreamedfeedffedffedfindffoundffound,feelffeltffelt,getfgotfgot,hangfhungfhung(懸掛〕,fhangedfhangedholdfheldfheld,leapfleaptfleapt,fleapedfleapedlearnflearntflearnt,flearnedflearnedlendflentflent,lightflitflit,flightedflightedloseflostflost,layflaidflaid,leavefleftfleft,keepfkeptfkeptgetfgotfgot〔ten〕,meanfmeantfmeantmeetfmetfmet,overhearfoverheardfoverheardpanicfpanickedfpanicked使恐慌；使驚慌payfpaidfpaidrewindfrewoundfrewoundsitfsatfsat,standfstoodfstood,sayfsaidfsaid,tellftoldftold,makefmadefmade,hearfheardfheard,sellfsoldfsold.shinefshoneshinedfshinedshonesleepfsleptfslept.45.smell—smelt—smelt.46. —smelled—smelled47.spellbind—spellbound—spellbound.48.spend—spent—spent49.spillspilt—spilt使溢出,使散落,灑,使流出,使摔下,倒出50.spit—spat—spat吐出,發(fā)射,發(fā)出,噴吐51.spoil—spoilt—spoilt損壞,搞糟,寵壞,溺愛;擾亂52.stick—stuck—stuck53.sweep—swept—swept54.teach—taught—taught55.tell—told—told56.think—thought—thought57.understand—understood—understood58.wake—woke—woke59.—waked—waked60.—woken61.win—won—wonIstoodupandturned.我站起來，轉(zhuǎn)過身。Itwasawareofhavingbeenfound,thenitranaway.它覺察至U自己被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，于是逃跑了。Isatquietlystaringattheapple.我靜靜地坐在那里盯著蘋果。Ifelthappyatbeingpraisedbyparents.被父母夸獎我感到很高興?！踩吃闻c過去分詞同形〔4個〕。如come—came—come，become—became—become，run—ran—run.Itwasawareofhavingbeenfound, thenitranaway.它覺察至U自己被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，于是逃跑了。〔四〕原形、過去式、過去分詞三種各不同形?！?0個〕arise—arose—arisen—arisingbe(is,am，are〕—was〔was，were〕—been，bear—bore—born—bearingarise—arose—arisen—arisingbegin—began—begunbid—bad—bidden—bid—bidblow—blew—blownbreak—broke—brokenchoose—chose—chosendo—did—done，draw—drew—drawndrink—drank—drunkdrive—drove—driveneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallenfly—flew—flownforbid—forbade—forbidden—forbad—forbiddenforget—forgot—forgot〔ten〕foresee—foresaw—foreseenfreeze—froze—frozengive—gave—givengo—went—gonegrow—grew—grownhide—hid—hiddnknow—knew—knownlie—lay—lainknow—knew—knownmistake—mistook—mistakenride—rode—riddenring—rang—rung，rise—rose—risensee—saw—seen，sew—sewed—sewn/sewedshake—shook—shaken，show—showed—shown/showedshrink—shrank/shrunk—shrunksing—sang—sung，sink—sank/sunk—sunk/sunkensow—sowed—sown/sowedspeak—spoke—spokenswell—swelled—swollenswim—swam—swumtake—took—takentear—tore—tornthrow—threw—thrown，undertake—undertook—undertakenwear—wore—worn，write—wrote—written，Iwasreadingabookandeatinganapple.我正在吃著蘋果讀書。Abookfelloffthebookshelf.一本書從書架上掉了下來。Isawalittleratonthetopoftheshelf.我看見書架頂上有一只小老鼠。Itookabottleofliquidmedicinetokilltherat.我拿了一瓶滅鼠藥水。Theratdiedbeforeitateuptheapple.老鼠還沒吃完蘋果就死掉了。Igotangrywiththisrat.我生了這只老鼠的氣?！参濉吃闻c過去式同形、過去分詞不同形。〔1個〕beat—beat—beaten—beating（六）動詞后寫最后一個字母雙寫再加ing 〔50個〕以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞需要雙寫最后一個字母，再加ing重讀閉音節(jié)三要素：1.必須是重讀音節(jié)；2.最后只有一個輔音字母;...如果一個動詞以“重讀閉音節(jié)”結(jié)尾,則其現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞的構(gòu)成通常是“雙寫詞尾的那個輔音字母，然后加ing”重讀閉音節(jié)。...let—letting讓hit—hitting打、撞cut—cutting切、割get—getting取、得到sit—sitting坐chat-chattingtap-tappingmop-moppingnod-noddingrid過去式:rid,ridded過去分詞:rid,ridded現(xiàn)在分詞:riddingshut-shuttingforget—forgetting忘記put—putting放set—setting設(shè)置babysit—babysitting臨時受雇照顧嬰shop—shopping購物trip—tripping絆stop—stopping停止drop—dropping放棄travel—travel(l)ing旅游swim—swimming游泳run—running跑步dig—digging挖、掘begin—beginning開始permit--permittingprefer—preferring寧愿plan—pl