人教版英語中考專題九　動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)

專題九動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)

第一講

動詞的六種時態(tài)特別注意※

現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都可表示過去發(fā)生的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況；而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情本身，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如：Ihaveopenedthewindow.我已經(jīng)把窗戶打開了。(現(xiàn)在還開著)Iopenedthewindowjustnow.我剛才打開了窗戶。(指“打開”的動作剛發(fā)生，并未說明現(xiàn)在是否開著)?！?/p>

一般過去時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生過的動作，表示動作結(jié)束了，側(cè)重于事實；過去進行時表示動作在過去某個時刻或某時段內(nèi)正在進行，強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性和未完成性。如：Idrewapictureformymotherasherbirthdaygiftlastnight.昨晚我給媽媽畫了一幅畫，作為她的生日禮物。(強調(diào)畫完了的事實)Iwasdrawingapictureformymotherasherbirthdaygiftwhenyoucalledmelastnight.昨晚你給我打電話的時候，我正在給媽媽畫一幅畫，作為她的生日禮物。(不一定畫完了，強調(diào)畫的動作)

①

在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中，若主句是一般將來時，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：WewillclimbtheMountTaibainextweekifit'ssunny.如果下周天氣晴朗，我們就去爬太白山。I'llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoNewYorktomorrow.我明天一到紐約就給你寫信。拓展提示②

一些表示起始、往返、出發(fā)、到達之意的動詞，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作(一般會有一個表示將來時間的狀語)。常見的此類動詞有：come,go,begin,arrive,leave,start,end,close,open等。如：Thesportsmeetingbeginsat8：30a．m.thedayaftertomorrow.運動會后天早上八點半開始。Thenexttrainleavesat7o'clockthisevening.下一趟火車將在今晚七點離開。③

現(xiàn)在進行時與always,continually,forever等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，這一用法常表達說話人的某種感情(贊揚、遺憾、討厭或不滿等)。如：Theboyisalwayslaughingathissister.這個男孩總是嘲笑他的妹妹。④

現(xiàn)在完成時中表示短暫動作的動詞不能與for,since等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。若要與一段時間連用，要將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為意思相近的延續(xù)性動詞。常見的此類動詞有：非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinishbeoverdiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldputonweargetupbeupwakeupawakefallasleepbeasleeplosenothavejoinbeinleavebeawayarrive/reachbe【即時自測】1)Hisgrandfather______(do)morningexercisesat6：40a．m.everyday.2)TheSmithsloveChinaverymuch.They_______(come)toShanghaiin2010.3)Bequiet!Thestudents_____________(have)thefinalexaminthenextclassroom.4)I_____________(visit)theShaanxiHistoryMuseumthreetimes.I'velearnedalotthere.doescamearehavinghavevisited5)—Haveyouevergoneabroad,Selina?—Yes,I_________inBerlinforsixmonthslastyeartostudyfurther.A.hadstayed

B.stayC.stayedD.havestayed6)—Lucy,whereisyourfathernow?Goandaskhimtohelpmecarrythebigbox.—Justamoment,please.He________ane－mailinthestudy.A.writesB.iswritingC.wroteD.waswritingCB7)IthinkthatMissLin______usEnglishthenexttermbecauseshewantstostudyfurtherinLondon.A.teachesB.doesn'tteachC.willteachD.won'tteach8)AlthoughLuYao_____formanyyears,hiswork,TheOrdinaryWorld,stillhasagreatinfluenceonyoungpeopletoday.A.diedB.wasdyingC.hasdiedD.hasbeendeadDD第二講動詞的被動語態(tài)1.常見的被動結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are＋動詞過去分詞Thedeskiscleanedbythislittlegirl.一般過去時was/were＋動詞過去分詞Thetreeswereplantedbyuslastyear.一般將來時will/shallbe＋動詞過去分詞Thegardenwillbebuiltnextmonth.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are＋

being＋動詞過去分詞Abridgeisbeingbuilt.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has＋been＋動詞過去分詞Thebreakfasthasbeencookedbymymomforus.含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞＋be＋動詞過去分詞Thistaskmustbefinishedontime.拓展提示主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義的情況：①

動詞open,write,sell,read等作不及物動詞，且它們的主語是物。如：Thiskindofcomicbookssellswellinthisbookstore.這種連環(huán)漫畫冊在這家書店賣得很好。②

感官動詞(smell,taste,look,feel,sound等)常用來描述某物的特性。如：Thevoiceofthebirdssoundsgoodinthemorning.

早晨，這種鳥的叫聲聽起來很悅耳。③

固定用法“need/require＋

doing”相當(dāng)于“need/require＋

tobedone”，

tobedone是不定式的被動語態(tài)。如：Yourcarneedswashing.＝Y(jié)ourcarneedstobewashed.你的車該洗了。④固定用法：beworthdoing中的doing表示被動意義。如：Hangzhouisreallyworthvisitinginone'slifetime.在我們的一生中，杭州真的值得一去。2.特殊被動語態(tài)的用法

類別結(jié)構(gòu)例句主動語態(tài)中省to的動詞變被動語態(tài)時，要將省去的to補上Theworkersweremadetowork8hoursaday.工人們被要求每天工作八小時。含雙賓語的動詞把指人的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，指物的賓語仍保留在謂語之后；把指物的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，指人的賓語前要加相應(yīng)的介詞Iwasgivenachancetobeanexchangestudent.＝

Achancewasgiventometobeanexchangestudent.我得到了一個做交換生的機會。含短語的動詞短語是“動詞＋介詞”或“動詞＋副詞”，變被動語態(tài)時，介詞和副詞不能丟Theyoungmanwassentawayfromschool.這個年輕人被送離了學(xué)校?！炯磿r自測】1)Thepetdogislovely.It___________(treat)asadaughterofmyfamily.2)Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople'slifealotsinceit_______________(invent)．3)In2022,theWinterOlympicGames____________(hold)inBeijingandZhangjiakou.4)—WhenshallIhandinmyreport?—Assoonasit______________(finish)tomorrow.istreatedwasinventedwillbeheldisfinished5)Mum,Iwonderifmybedroom_______________(paint)purple.Itismyfavoritecolor.6)HarryPotterisafamousbookandit____________________(translate)intodifferentlanguages.7)—Waiter,I'dlikeaglassoffreshgrapejuice.—Sorry,miss.Grapejuice________onlyinsummerdays.A.servesB.servedC.areservedD.isserved

willbepaintedis/hasbeentranslatedD8)WiththedevelopmentandinfluenceofChinaontheothercountries,ConfuciusInstitutes_________aroundtheworld.A.buildB.arebuiltC.builtD.willbebuilt9)Thenaughtyboywasmade_______fromeighttotenintheeveninginthepast.A.studyB.studiedC.tostudyD.studyingBC10)—CanItakethisbooktothedormitory,teacher?—No,it_______outofthereadingroom.A.willtakeB.shouldbetakenC.mustn'tbetakenD.mustn'ttakeC1.China'sY－20heavytransportaircraft(重型運輸機)_______itsfirstairborneandairdelivery(空投)training.A.hasachieved

B.achieveC.achievesD.willachieve2.Monica,you________theexam!Congratulations!A.passB.havepassedC.willpassD.arepassingAB3.—Didyouhaveanyplansfortonight?—Yes,I____atthenewItalianrestaurantintown.A.eatB.haveeatenC.ateD.amgoingtoeat4.—WhenwillUncleSamcometoseeus?—He'llvisitusthisweekend.He____methatbyemail.A.toldB.istoldC.willtellD.hastoldDA5.Robots_______moreheavyworkforusinthefuture.A.willdoB.didC.havedoneD.weredoing6.—What'syourplanforyourvacation?—We_______toHongKongforavisit.A.wereflyingB.haveflownC.willflyD.flyAC7.Iambusynow,soI____toyouafterschoolthisafternoon.A.talkB.talkedC.willtalkD.havetalked8.—WhatdidYangYingsay?—Shesaidthey____aschooltripthenextweekend.A.willhaveB.hadC.wouldhaveD.haveCC9．

—Mr.King________bythereporteryesterday.—He'sgreat!Hehelpedsomanydisabledpeople.A.wasinterviewedB.isinterviewedC.interviewsD.interviewed10.—Theteachingbuildingisverycleanthesedays.—It________byeveryclasseveryday.A.iscleanedB.cleansC.iscleaningD.willbecleanedAA11．

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