2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Unit1GreatscientistsListening2

Unit1GreatscientistsReading（II）Reading,writingandlearningtipsCopernicus

born:

inPoland

in1473

died:

May24,1543

Birth:

February19,1473

Death:

May24,1543

PlaceofBirth:

Toruń,Poland

Career:

1491-1494StudiedmathematicsatKrakówAcademy

1496WenttoItalytostudyastronomyandlawattheUniversityofBologna

1497

BeganobservationsoftheSun,Moon,andplanets1514

WroteCommentariolus,anoutlineofhisastronomicalideas,butdidnot

circulateitwidely

1543

PublishedDeRevolutionibusOrbiumCoelestium(OntheRevolutionsoftheCelestial)Read

thepassageandfindtheexperiencesofCopernicus:Pre-readingWeknowthefirstscientistisCopernicus.Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit.ThechartonP.7showshistheory.Copernicus’RevolutionaryTheory

EightPlanetsIntheSolarSystem

Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星EightPlanetsIntheSolarSystem:Mnemonics(記憶術(shù))MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptuneMyVeryEasyMethod:JustSetUpNinePlanets.Canyouuseagoodmethodtomemorizethem?Readthroughthepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywestern

countries.2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearsinfrontoforbehindtheearth.3.Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.TFT4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse.

FFTReadcarefullyandtrytodrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.BeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theoryTheEarthwasstationaryatthecenterofthesolarsystem,andtheSunandplanetsrevolvedaroundit.TheSunisstationaryatthecenterofthesolarsystem,andtheEarthandtheotherplanetsorbitaroundit.Analyzethefollowingpicturecarefullyandtrytoexplainhowaloopisformed.CarefulreadingReadthetextcarefully,thenanswerthesequestions(1)Whycouldhenottellabouthistheory?(Para1)BecausethepowerfulChistianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea(2)Whatwashistheoryabout?(Para1)

Allhismathematicalcalculationsledto

thesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.(3)Whathadtheastronomersnoticedinthesky?(Para2)Theyhadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostop,movebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers.(4)WhendidCopernicuscompletehistheory?(Para3)Between1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.(5)Howdidheexplainchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars?Whendidhepublishhisidea?(Para4)Heplacedafixed

sunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwas

spinningasitwentrounditandthisexplainchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars.Hepublisheditashelaydyingin1543

(6)WhydopeoplethinkthatthereisadirectlinkbetweenhisideasandtheworkofIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawking?Becausehistheoryisnowthebaseonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravitywhichsaidthingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse,Heshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.Discussion:

IfyouwereNicolausCopernicus,wouldyouhavehiddenyourtheoryforsomanyyears?Why?Asascientist,Copernicuswasmorecautiousthancoward.Ifhehadpublishedhisideasathistime,hewouldhavebeenkilledjustasBrunowhowasburnttodeathbecausehistheorywasagainsttheChristianChurch’s.Everytimewhenanewideaappears,therearealwaysrejections.It’snormal.Scientistsshouldhavepatiencetospreadtheirtruth.DebateYes/No◆

Asascientist,oneshouldbebrave.ButCopernicuswasafraidofbeingattackedbytheChristianChurch.Sohehadhiddenhistheoryforsomanyyears.Whatdoyouthinkofthis?

Agree:1.Hewascautious.ifhehadpublishedhisideas,hewouldhavebeenkilledjustasBrunowhowasburnedtodeathbecausehistheorywasagainsttheChristianChurch.2.Everytimewhenanewideaappears,therearealwaysrejections.It’snormal.Scientistsshouldhavepatiencetospreadtheirtruth.3.Itmadenosenseforhimtopublishhistheoryinahurry.Hewasjustcautiousnotcoward.Heshouldprotecthimselffirst.

Disagree:1.Copernicuswasverycoward.Heshouldspeakouthisdiscoveryandlettheworldknowthetruthearlier.2.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.3.Asascientist,youmusthavethecouragetopublishyourfindings.Nomatterhowpeopleopposethem,timewillshowifyourideasarerightorwrong.WriteashortletteraskingCopernicustopublishhisideassoeveryonecanreadthem.WriteashortletteraskingCopernicus(not)topublishhisideassoeveryonecanreadthemPracticeOnepossibleversion:DearNicolausCopernicus,IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewtheory.

Yourssincerely,LinQiIknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowifyourideasarerightorwrong.SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Onepossibleversion:DearNicolausCopernicus,IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewtheory.

Beginning:

TellCopernicuswhoyouareandwhyyouwanthimtopublishhisideasParagraph1:

Reason1andevidence

Yourssincerely,LinQiIknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowifyourideasarerightorwrong.SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Paragraph2:

Reason1andevidenceSummingup:

AskhimtothinkagainaboutpublishinghisideasLanguagepoints:revolution&revolutionarye.g.MaoZedongisthegreatleaderoftheChineseRevolution.SunZhongsanisagreatrevolutionaryleader.leadto引起；造成；導(dǎo)致。Thiswillprobablyleadtotroubleinthefuture.這很可能將導(dǎo)致日后的麻煩。Thislettohisconclusionthatshewasguilty.這使他得出了她有罪的結(jié)論。Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.

只有你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。

onlyif只有；只要。當(dāng)以only引導(dǎo)的短語或狀語從句放于句首時，為了加強語氣，句子需要倒裝。

1)Onlyifateacherpagepermissionisastudentallowedtoentertheroom.2)Onlybyshoutingandwavinghishandscouldhebenoticed.

makesense

講得通；有道理

1)看這里，讀這個句子，好像一點也講不通

Here,readthesentence.Itdoesn’tseemtomakesense.

2)你編的故事我聽不明白。

Yourstorydoesn’tmakesensetome.spinspunspinninge.g.

Wespanthecointoseewhowouldhavefirstturn.Ispunaroundtoseewhohadspoken.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。

withtheplanetsgoingroundit是with+賓語+賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作定語或狀語，作賓補的可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞不定式等?，F(xiàn)將其基本形式歸納如下：(1)With+n./pron.+介詞短語

Hesattherewithasmileonhisface.(2)With+n./pron.+副詞

WithMrSmithaway,we’vegotmoreroom.(3)With+n./pron.+不定式

Withsomuchworktodo,hecouldnotgohome.(4)With+n./pron.+現(xiàn)在分詞

Thestreetwasquietwithnobusesrunning.(5)With+n./pron.+過去分詞

Incameamanwithhishandstiedback.(6)With+n./pron.+形容詞

Hewroteashirt,withtheneckopen,showinghisbarechest.reject:e.g.Ifyoudon’tlikeTom,youmayrejecthisgift.Ifyoudon’tthinkthesuggestionissuitableforyou,youmayrejectit.enthusiastice.g.She’sveryenthusiasticaboutsingingWeexplainourplan,andheisveryenthusiastic.cautious:carefultoavoidrisk

becautiousabout/ofsb./sth.e.g.

Thebankisverycautiousaboutlendingmoney.Myfatherisaverycautiousdriver.Readingtask“SevenBridgesofKonigsberg”andthefamous“Eulerpath”.Skimming:What’sEuler’spuzzle?L