【新教材】外研版(2019)高中英語 必修第一冊Unit 1-2知識點總結匯編

第第#頁共19頁【新教材】外研版（2019）高中英語必修第一冊Unit1-2知識點總結匯編Unit1Sb.wasdoingwhen...IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme.When在此作并列連詞，相當于andthen或者andatthattimeSb.wasabouttodowhenSb.wasonthepointofdoing...whenSb.hadjustdone...when主語+be+adj.+todoWhenmyEnglishteachersteppedintotheclassroom,IwassurprisedtoseethesamemanIhadmetearlier.Shewillbesurprisedtoseeyou.I’mexcitedtoseemyoldfriend.Wearesadtohearthat.表示情感的形容詞+todoSurprised,shocked,amazed,excited,disappointed,delighted,happy,sorry,sad等Too...to太...而不能Ihadbeentoonervoustopayattentionwhenheintroducedhimself.Hewastooweaktowalk.=Hewasnotstrongenoughtowalk.=Hewassoweakthathecouldnotwalk.AlthoughIwasembarrassed,hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed.Make+n./pron.+形容詞 Thenewsmadehimhappy.Make+n./pron.+不帶to的不定式 Theteachermadehimstayafterschool.Make+n./pron.+過去分詞 HecanmakehimselfunderstoodinEnglish.Make+n./pron.+名詞Thismoviemadehimastar.Make+it+名詞/形容詞+todo/從句Hemadeitclearthatheobjected.Make+n./pron.+不帶to的不定式被動語態(tài)，把to加回來Hewasmadetostayafterschool.部分否定Butlifeisnotalwayseasy.總括性的詞有all,both,every,everything,everybody,everyone,always,altogether等Notallbirdscanfly.=Allbirdscan’tfly.（部分否定）全部否定：表示全部否定意義的詞（none,neither,nothing,nobody,noone,never等Noneofmyfriendscame.Weknownothingaboutherfamily.MusthavedoneYoumusthavehadsomemomentswhenyouweredisappointed.Musthavedone結構，表示對過去情況的肯定推測，僅用于肯定句中。Can’t/couldn'thavedone不可能做過某事Couldhavedone本能做而未做May/mighthavedone可能做過Shouldhavedone本該做而未做Shouldn’thavedone本不該做卻做了Needn’thavedone本沒有必要做卻做了Ifso如果是這樣的話Ifso,howdidyoudealwiththem?Ifso是省略句式，if用作連詞，so代替上文的肯定內容句子的5大基本句主謂Youleave.主謂賓Iloveyou.主謂賓賓Igiveyoumyheart.主謂賓補Youmakemesad.主系表Ifellbad.1）主語（subject）Applesaremyfavoritefruit.（名詞）Heisadoctor.（代詞）Threeplusfiveiseight.（數詞）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名詞化的形容詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Runningisgoodforyourhealth.（動名詞）Whenweshallleavehasn’tbeendecided.（主語從句）2）謂語（verb）簡單謂語，復合謂語簡單謂語由動詞或動詞短語充當。Thesunrisesintheeast.Helookedaftertwoorphans.復合謂語由"情態(tài)v./助動詞+動詞”構成HecanspeakEnglishverywell.Theworkmustbedonebeforethreeo’clock.3）賓語（object）Hedoesn’tlikethejob.（名詞）Weenjoyplayingfootball.（動名詞短語）Hesaidthathewouldreturnsoon.（賓語從句）Theyofferedmethejob.（雙賓，"間”人"直”物））賓語補足語（objectcomplement）賓語和賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語Wemustkeepitasecret.（名詞）Ifoundthebookveryinteresting. （形容詞）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介詞短語）Sheaskedmetolendherahand.（不定式短語）Hemadehimselfknowntothemfirst.（分詞短語）Pleasekeepthedogout.（副詞）當主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，賓語補足語變成了主語補足語）表吾（predicative）表語說明主語的性質、特征、狀態(tài)或身份WeareChinese.（名詞/形容詞）I’mnotquitemyselftoday.（代詞）Whowasthefirst? （數詞）Heisoutofcondition.（介詞短語）Theyseemtoknowthetruth.（不定式短語）Hishobbyisplayingcomputergames. （動名詞短語）Lisaiscrying.（現在分詞）Thisiswhathetoldmeyesterday. （表語從句））定語（Attribute）放在被修飾詞的前面，叫前置定語；放在被修飾詞的后面，叫后置定語。Thisisadifficultproblem.（形容詞）Hermotherisprofessor.（代詞）Thereareaboutsixtypeopleatthemeeting.（數詞）Heworksinatradecompany.（名詞）DoyouknowVela’smother?（名詞所有格）ShemetherEnglishteacheronherwayhome.（副詞）Sheboughtsomesleepingpills.（動名詞）Thereissomeexcitingnewsintoday’snewspaper.（現在分詞）IsthereanydifferencebetweenspokenEnglishandwrittenEnglish?（過去分詞）ThemanwhohelpsmewithMathsismymathsteacher.（定語從句）7）狀語（adverbial）狀語用于』修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或從句等充當，可表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、方式、伴隨、條件、程度、讓步、頻率等。I’llbebackinawhile.（時間狀語）Theyareplayingontheplayground.（地點狀語）Hewaslateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.（原因狀語）Hewaitedtotheresultofthegame.（目的狀語）Itrainedsohardthattheyhadtoputoffthesportsmeet.（結果狀語）Sheoftengoestoworkbybus.（方式狀語）Shesattherewaiting.（伴隨狀語）Pleasecallmeupifitisnecessary.（條件狀語）Thecomputergamesisveryexciting.（程度狀語）Theycontinuedtowalkinspiteoftheheavysnow.（讓步狀語）

Heoftencomeslatetoschool. (頻率狀語)Unit2havetrouble(in)doingsth.HaveyoueveraskedyourselfwhypeopleoftenhavetroublelearningEnglish?havedifficulty(in)doingsth.表示否定意義的詞位于句首引起的倒裝Neitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.菠蘿里面既沒有松樹也沒有蘋果。表示否定意義的詞或短語位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序，即把系動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞提到主語之前Never,neither,nor,hardly,rarely,seldom,little,bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,onnoaccount等倒裝句總結N倒裝句總結Nnever,not,hardly半倒裝Aas,though引起的形式倒裝**Oonly+狀語置于句首半倒裝Sso,such宣于句首半倒裝Hhere.there地點、時問副詞置「fd首完全倒1if的省略半倒裝半倒裝：助+主+V.;完全倒:V+主11.This/That/Itiswhy那就是為什么(why引導表語從句)Thatiswhywhenthestarsareout,theyarevisible,butwhenthelightsareout,theyareinvisible.This/That/Itisbecause...（because表從）Thereason（why...）isthat...（why引導定從）（that引導表從）People/Theysaythat...據說PeoplesaythattheBritishalwaysplaysafewithwhattheyeat.Itbe+過去分詞+that...Itisreportedthat...據報道Itisannouncedthat...據宣布Itisconsideredthat...人們認為Itishopedthat...人們希望Itisthoughtthat...人們認為Itisbelievedthat...人們相信Itissuggestedthat...有人建議Sb.spendssometime（in）doingsth.IspentdayspreparingandwritingmyfirstEnglishpaper.花費Spent花錢，花時間Take花時間Pay花錢Cost花錢Face臉==》面對v.House房屋==》提供住處v.Nurse護士==》護理v.Water水==》澆水v.Part-timeshort-wavefilm-makerlow-lyingGet-togetherpassers-bywell-knownlong-termCold-bloodedbaby-sitterItisagoodideatostartapart-timejobtomakeextramoney.It’senoughtouseashort-waveradiotopickupthegrogramme.WaltDisney,thegreatfilm-maker,wasborninChicago.TheDeadSeaisverylow-lying,ataround430metersbelowsealevel.Wearehavingalittleget-togethertocelebratehisbirthday.Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthepassers-by.I’msureyouwillbewell-known.Long-termuseoffertilizerscancausedamagetolandorpeopleThesnakeiscold-bloodedcreature,andithibernatesinwinter.Pleasehelpmefindababy-sittertolookaftermysonthisafternoon.Here/There/Now/Then+謂語+主語（名詞）1） 當句首是here,there,now,then等副詞，謂語動詞時be，go,come等，且主語是名詞時，句子要用完全倒裝Hereisyourbook.你的書在這兒。Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Nowcomesyourturn.現在輪到你了。Thencameanewdifficulty.接著產生了一個新困難。2） 當主語是人稱代詞時，則不用倒裝。Hereyouare.Hereweare.表示提議：Whydon’tyoudosth.? 你為什么不做呢？Whydon’tyoudosth.?=Whynotdosth.?Let’sdosth.You’dbetter（not）dosth.What/Howaboutdoingsth.?Shallwedosth.?Wouldyouliketodosth.?與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣Ifyouwereinasimilarsituationastheson,whatwouldyoudo?從句were,主句WCMS+do(WCMSwouldcouldmightshould)can’twaittodosth.Can’twaittoseeyoubackinschool!Can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事Wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，表示難以實現的愿望Iwishshehadcome! 我真希望她來！wish賓語從句表示虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞的形式如下：與現在相反，did/were與過去相反，had+done與將來相反，WCMS+doEllenisafantasticdancer,IwishIdancedaswellasher.(與現在事實相反)IwishIhadbeenatmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinParisthen.19.With復合結構Themiddlepartcontainsthe"meat"ofthestory,withtheendingbeingasummary,apowerfulquoteorevenasurpriseforthereader.With+賓語+賓補在句子中常作狀語，表示時間、原因、方式、條件或伴隨，具體形式有：Ican’tworkwithallthatnoisegoingon.Withhishaircut,helookedmuchyounger.Withsomuchworktodo,Ican’tgoonholiday.Heoftensleepswiththewindowsopen.Helefttheroomwiththelighton.Theteachercameinwithabookinhishand.Sb.wasabouttodo...when..某人正要做正在那時Iwasabouttothroweverythingawaywhenmymothercamein.21.22.Whatif...?如果...怎么辦？如果...將會怎么樣？=whatwouldhappenif...What/Howabout...?Whatfor?Sowhat?Howcome?23.Keepinmindthat...=bearinmindthat...Alwayskeepinmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.Weneedtokeepinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.Keepinmindthatthepricedoesnotincludeflights.Makeupone’smindChangeone’smind24.Way后定語從句Althoughtechnologyhaschangedthewayweacquirefriends,themeaningoffriendshipandourlongingforfriendsremainthesame.關系詞在從從句中作狀語，關系詞為that,inwhich或省略關系詞在從從句中作主語或賓語時，關系詞為that或which(作賓語時關系詞可省略)Theway(that/inwhich)hediditattractedme.Ididitintheway(that/which)youtoldme.Betodo結構ThenextmorningIwastostartfortheWesttomakemyfortune.Couldn’t/can’thavedone不可能做過某事Youcouldn’thavedraggedJimmyoutofNewYork;hethoughtitwastheonlyplaceonearth.The+比較級...,the+比較級...Themoreweknowaboutthislovelycreature,thegreaterthechanceitwillsurvive...Themore,thebetter.Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheusuallybecomes.StrongerandstrongerItisafterallwewhoarethevisitorstotheirworld.強調句:Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子剩余部分如何判斷強調句：判斷是否是強調句，可把itis/was...that去掉，把強調的部分還原到句子中。如果句子仍然是完整的，就是強調句，否則不是。無生命名詞+find/see/witness發(fā)生，見證，目睹了某事Summerseesthemountainsturnbrightgreenwithgrowingrice.夏天，群山蔥綠，稻谷飄蕩。Thelasttenyearshavewitnessedgreatchangesinourcity.HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.Sothat引導目的狀語從句Eatingalotoffishandmeatkeepsourbodiesstrongsothatwecan...Sothat引導的目的狀語從句，意為"以便，為了”，從句中常含有may,might,cancould等情態(tài)動詞Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchuptheearlybus.Sothat還引導結果狀語從句，從句中通常不用情態(tài)動詞。Makeitadj./n.forsb./sth.todoMakesitdifficultforustogrowenoughvegetablesandfruit...Vt.+it+賓補+真正的賓語6123結構6make,think,believe,find,consider,feel;1形式賓語it2賓補兩種形式形容詞和名詞3真正賓語的三種形式：不定式、動名詞、that從句（2017全國卷）Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.（2018全國卷）Inhisintroduction,hemakeitclearthatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.（2018七選五）IkeeppracticingevenwhenI’mextremelytired.Ifindithardtostop.AndwhilemanyBritslikenothingbetterthanspendingtheirSundaycuttingthegrass,somearehappyjusttositunderthebranchesofthetreesandenjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundthem.1） 否定詞+形容詞或副詞的比較級（+than）2） 常用的否定詞：not,no,never,nothing,nobody,hardly3） 意義：再沒有更的了，再...不過了4） 比較級表示最高級含義的其它結構33介詞+關系代詞+todoThosewithoutoutsidespacecanrentsmallpiecesoflandonwhichtogrowthings.定語從句"介詞+關系代詞”1)"介詞+關系代詞”弓I導的定從，關系代詞通常是which(物),whom(人)Thisisthe