2023年自考類英語自考英語寫作歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年自考類英語自考英語寫作歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）第1卷一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Theexaminationsystemhascometobethemainthemeofmoderneducation.Somepeopleareinfavoroftheimportantroleofexaminationintherealmofeducation.Otherpeoplemaintainthatsuchanexaminationsystemshouldbeabolished.Shouldexaminationbeabolished?Whatisyouropinion?Writeanessayofabout300wordstosupportyourideas.2.Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithonebodyparagraphmissing.Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththepassageprovided.

WhyPeopleShouldExercise

Inthepast,Ihadneverbeeninclinedtoparticipateinsports.Honestly,Ididn'tlikeit,butmanypersonswhomIlivedwithkepttellingmeeverydayhowgooditwas.Sincethepeerpressurewasgrowing,Idecidedtogotothegym.Itwasn'tuntilthenthatIcouldreallyunderstandpeoplewhentheysaidexercisereallyhelpedapersongetorganizedandkeephealthy,physicallyandmentally.

Forstarters,ifyouarealazyperson,itisdifficulttotakethefirststep.Butitisallamatterofcommittingyourselftosomethingthatwillprovideyouwithmuchpositivefeedback.Onceyoustartexercisingandobservingpositiveresults,youwillactuallyenjoyit.Ittakesmucheffortandastrongwill,butit'sworthit.Theprincipalthingtodoistotakeupasportyoulike.Ifyoudo,youwillstartorganizingyourdayinawaythatenablesyoutodowhateveryouhaveto,includingexercising.Youwillnolongerbeapersonstressedoutwithouttimetocarryonwithallyouractivities.

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Moreover,exercisingisgoodbecauseitaffectsyoupositivelyinamentalandpsychologicalway.Exercisinghelpsyousetspecificgoalswhich,alongwithastrongwill,canbeachieved.Whenreachingthegoals,youcometoknowyourabilitiesandyourweaknesses,andyourself-esteemisenhanced.Anysportrelievesstressbecauseitdistractsyoufromthinkingaboutschool,work,oryourproblems,amongotherthings.IthelpskeepyouupliftedandavoidunhealthyhabitslikeindulgenceinTVandcomputergames.

Exercisingisveryimportanttoanypersonofanyage.Thepositiveeffects,whichI'vealreadymentioned,arelikeachain.Onceyoutakeupasportthatyoulike,youbecomebetterorganized.Therefore,youstartdoingthingstherightwayandenjoyenormousbenefits.Asaresult,youfeelgoodasahealthyhumanbeing.Youstartlivingyourlifehappily.3.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea"sentenceoutline"or"topicoutline"forit.

InfluencesofMoviesorTVonPeople'sBehavior

JustimaginethatitisSaturdayevening.Whatwillyouprobablydotonight?IthinklotsofpeoplewillchoosetogotomoviesorstayathomewatchinganinterestingTVprogram.TVandmovieshaveplayedanimportantroleinourdailylife.

Firstofall,theywidenoursights.There'renumerousTVprogramsconcerningtheworldwideaffairs.IstillrememberclearlynowwhenIfirstsawtheAfricantribesonthescreen,Iwasfascinatedbythemarvelousjungles,thecolorfulweapons,thefuriousanimalsandthefantasticwildgames.Isn'titmarveloustoseethepeopleandplacestotallydifferentfromyours!Maybeyouwouldneverknowthem,appreciatethemorwanttovisitthemifyouhaven'tencounteredthemonthegiganticscreen.

Second,theyareveryentertaining.Afteradayofhardwork,maybeyoudon'thavetheenergytohavealongcampingtrip,especiallywhenyoustillhavelotsofthingstodotomorrowmorning.WhynotturnontheTVandchooseaninterestingshoworanexcitinggame?Whilehavingsomecoffee,chattingwithyourfamily,youreallyfeelrelaxed.

Furthermore,asaconvenientcommunicationaltool,movies,especiallyTVprograms,helpthepeopleintheareasofsocialwork,education,advertisementsandsoon.Thereisaninterestingprogramcalled"Let'sgettoknoweachothertonight",whichhelpsyoungmenandwomentochoosetheirloversonthescreen.Manypeopleliketoseeit.Itbecomesopopularthatnearlyeveryonecansingthesonginthatprogram.

Butontheotherhand,therearesomecomplaintsaboutthem.Forexample,somechildrenspendhoursbeforethelittlescreen,ignoringtheirstudy,outdooractivitiesandeventheirfamily.Parentssaythatthesekidsareindifferenttonearlyeverythingandprematuresomehow.

Asforme,Iliketoseemoviesverymuch.Ithinkeverygoodfilmisacreativeproductofmankind.Theyareuseful,introductiveaswellasentertaining.Andyetitistrueweshouldtellthekidstospendtheirtimewisely,havingotherhobbiesandotheroutdooractivities.Thesameistrueforadults.Chocolateisverydelicious,butifyoueatiteveryday,itwillbetastelessandmaybedisgustingaswellasbadtoyourhealth.4.Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithoneparagraphmissing.Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththepassageprovided.

WhyMoviesArePopular

Manypeoplewouldsaythatmovies,whetherseeninthecinema,ontheInternet,orontheDVDplayer,areoneofthemostpopularformsofentertainment.Judgingfromtheamountoftimepeoplearewillingtospendonwatchingthem,Ireadilyagreewiththestatement.Wehavedozensofreasonsforourloveofmovies.Butthemostobviousonesarethestory,thespecialeffectsandthestars.

A"movie"is,basically,technology'sanswertothetraditionalstorybook.Weallhungerforalifefullofpassion,excitementandlove.Ifwedon'tfindtheminourownlife,wetrytoexperiencetheminfictionalstories.Amovietellsastorymoreeffectivelyandvividlythanabook.Takethemovie"SavingPrivateRyan"forexample.InthefirstbattlescenewhenthesoldiersareunderfiercegunfirefromtheGermans,youfeelyouarerunningwiththesoldiersandwitnessingeverythingfirsthand.Youheartheechoesofbulletsflyingoverhead.Forfifteenfrighteningminutes,youfeelasifyouwereinthemiddleofthebattlefield!Nostorybookcancreatesuchavivideffect.

Specialeffectsareanothercrowd-puller.Takethemovie"JurassicPark"forinstance.Thedinosaurs'imagesarecreatedbyacomputer,yetinthemovie,theylookasrealastheactors.Youcanseetheirshadowsandthevaporfromtheirbreath.Thistypeofmoviemagicamazestheaudienceandkeepsthemcomingbackformore.Thenthereis"TheMatrix".

Fortwohours,thespecialeffectsofthismoviemakeusbelievethatordinaryhumanscanwalkaroundinsideacomputerprogram.Bothmoviesdrawalargenumberofviewerstotheirsequels(續(xù)集),mostlybecauseoftheirspecialeffects.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Insummary,moviesarepopularbecauseofthestory,thespecialeffectsandthemoviestars.Itisstillthequickestandeasiestwaytotemporarilyleaveyourordinarylifeandtoexperiencepassionandexcitement.5.Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithonebodyparagraphmissing.Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththepassageprovided.

Inoursystemofeducationtoday,examinationsareacommonfeature.Ourpresenteducationsystemhasoftenbeencriticizedastooexamination-oriented.However,onemustrememberthatinofficesandotherareasofwork,examinationsstillfeatureclearly.Thereisnodoubtthatthefearandinfluenceofexaminationcausemuchpreparationwork.Soitthereforeappearsthatexaminationswhetherconsideredgoodorbadwouldstayforawhileasatestofhumanknowledge.

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Inofficeswhethergovernmentorprivateones,examinationresultsshowclearlywhetherapersonisfitforpromotion.Theresultsindicatehowmuchheknowsaboutthework.

Inourschools,examinationsplayseveralroles.Yearlyschoolexaminationshelptogradestudentsintodifferentclasses.Governmentexaminationhelptostreamstudentsintodifferentclassessothattheycanpursueaspecificlineofstudy.

Inallthesecases,examinationsinculcateaspiritofhardworkandcompetition.Studentsorofficeworkerscanrefreshtheirmindagainandagainonwhattheyhavelearnt.Thismaintainsacertainindividualandoverallstandardofknowledge.6.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea"topicoutline"forit.

TheEffectsofTelevisiononChildren'sSocialRelations

TVpresentsthechildwithadistorteddefinitionofreality.Thechildintheaffluentsuburborthesmallmid-westerntownexistswithinhisownlimitedreality.Hisexperiencewithsocialproblemsorpeopleofdifferentraces,religions,ornationalitiesisprobablysomewhatlimited.Astelevisionexposeshimtoadiversityofpeopleandideas,itsurelyexpandstheboundariesofhisreality.ItispreciselybecausehenowreliesheavilyonTVtodefineotherrealitiesforhimthatwemustexaminecarefullywhatthoseimagesare.Iftheyareinaccurateordistorted,thentelevision'srealityispotentiallyharmful.

TVdistortsrealitybyselectingcertainkindsofimagesandomittingothersandbyportrayingpeopleinastereotypedway.Itportrayssomecategoriesofpeoplewithbeauty,powerandimportanceandrendersothersweak,helplessorinvisible.SoseriousistherelativeinvisibilityofsomegroupsonTVthatDr.GeorgeGerbneroftheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationscontends,"Ifyou'renotonTV,youdon'texist."

TheTVcameraselectscertainimagestobeexamples,sometimesfunctioninglikeamagnifyingglasshelduptotheworstincivilizationinsteadofthebest.WhenTVproducersfocusonviolentugliness,theyliftitoutandholditupforalltosee,makingitimpressivelylargerthanlife.Afistfightthatoccursoutsidemywindowandiswitnessedbyonlyfivepeoplemaybevideotaped,broadcastand"witnessed"vicariouslybymillionsofpeople,thusmultiplyingtheexamplesetbythefistfighters.IntheUnitedStates,mostpeoplehavenotwitnessedmurder,yetbecauseoftelevisionmostchildrenhaveseenhundredsofthousandsofviolentdeathsandthereforebelievethattheworldismoreviolentthanitactuallyis.

TVsays,ineffect:Thisisthewaytheworldworks.Therearetherules.TheimagespresentedonTVtendtobeexaggeratedorglorified,andsobelievedandacceptedasmodelstobecopied.AfterTVheavilypromotedEvelKnievel'sattemptto"fly"hismotorcycleovertheSnakeRiver,manychildrenimitatedhisstuntswiththeirbicyclesonhomemaderamps.Andmanylandedinhospitals.

TVaffectshumanrelationshipsaswellasbehaviorbyinfluencingourfeelingsaboutourselvesandourexpectationsforourselvesandothers.Toofrequentlystereotypesprovideuswithinstantdefinitions.Thestereotypeassignstoanindividualcharacteristicsassociatedwithagroupthatmayormaynotbeaccurate.Wetendtonoteasinglefeatureofapersonandfillinthedetailsfromastorehouseofstereotypes.

ViaTV'sstereotypesweseemenasstrongandactive,womenprettyandathome.Alltoofrequently,minoritiesarecastinexaggeratedportrayalsandstereotypedroles,moreaswhitemaleproducersperceivethemthanthewayminoritypersonsperceivethemselves.

Exposuretostereotypedpresentationscaneasilyinfluenceviewersbehaviortowardunfamiliarpeople.TVimages,infact,teachvaluesandbehaviors,especiallytochildrenwhohavelittlefirsthandknowledgeoftherealworld.TotheextentthatchildrenareexposedtocertaincharactersportrayalsandbehaviorsonTV,theymayacquireorlearnthosebehaviorsandrolesandeventuallyacceptthemasmodelsfortheirownattitudesandactions.

Perhapsmostseriousaretheeffectsofinformationdistortionsonthechild'sself-image.Atsomelevelwebegintojudgeourownmeaning,dignityandworthincomparisonwiththeTVcharacterswhoportraypeoplelikeus.Weshouldbefullyawarethatthereinaccurateordistortedportrayalmaybeharmfultochildren'sgrowth.7.Somepeoplethinkgoodmoviesshouldbeinstructiveandentertainingatthesametime.Whatisyouropinion?Writea300wordexpositoryessaystatingyourviews.8.SendintheClones

"Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughtocloneahumanbeing",asoneTVnewsmanputit.Whilehisdescriptionwasoffthemark,therealnewswasalmostasfantastic:researchersatGeorgeWashingtonUniversitysplitsinglehumanembryosintoidenticalcopies,atechnologythathassparkedastormofcontroversyaroundtheworld.

Claimingtheybegantheexperimentstospuradebate,theresearchersgotmorethantheybargainedfor.TheVaticancondemnedthetechnologyasevil;oneGermanmagazinecalledtheresearch"immoral",andsociologistsintheUSdisagreedhotlyoverwhetherthetechnologyshouldbeofferedtoinfertilecouples,couplesincapableofhavingchildren.

Thenewsleftpeoplewonderingwhatthetechnologyisallabout.Actuallywhattheresearchersdidwastoextendatechniquethathasbeenusedinlivestockformorethanadecade.Thephysiciansusedtubefertilizationtechnologytocreate17humanembryosinalaboratory.Whentheembryoshadgrownenoughtocontain28cells,theresearchersseparatedtheminto48cells.Twooftheseparatedcellssurvivedforafewdaysinthelab,developingintonewhumanembryossmallerthantheheadofapin.

Thoughnogreattechnicalfeat,theprocedureopensarangeofunsettlingpossibilities.Forexample,parentscouldhaveoneembryoimplantedinthemother'swombandstoreitsidenticalsiblingsindefinitely.Thespareembryoscouldbeimplantedlater,allowingparentstocreateafamilyofidenticalchildrenofdifferentages.Spareembryoscouldalsobesoldtootherfamilies,whocouldseefromanalreadybornchildhowtheirembryowouldturnout.Evenmorebizarre,awomanconceivedfromasplitembryocouldgivebirthtoherowntwin.Suchscenariosraisepainfulissuesabouttherightsofparentsandmeaningofindividuality.

Somesociologistsmaintainthatparentshavetherighttodowithembryoswhattheywill,includinghavingtwinsbornyearsapart.Butothersfearthattheprocedureunacceptablyalterswhatitmeanstobehumanbeing,especiallywhentheyoungertwinsareforcedtoseeolderversionsofthemselves.

Amidthecontroversy,onethingseemscertain:theexperimentswillcontinue.WhilecloningisforbiddeninGermany,fertilityresearchisproceedingintheUSwithoutfederalregulations.Butresearchersmustobtainapprovalfromtheirhospitalboard.Withoutfederaloversight,thehighlycompetitivefertilitybusinessmaysoonusethenewtechnologytoattractclients.AsadoctortoldthescientificjournalScience,"Itwasjustamatteroftime."9.Readthefollowingpassageofnonfictioncarefullyandwriteasummaryabout100words.

WhentelevisionwasfirstintroducedintoAmericansocietythirtyyearsago,writersandsocialscientiststhoughtthatthisnewinventionwouldbetterAmericanlife."TelevisionisgoingtobringAmericanfamiliesclosertogether."predictedpsychologistJoelGoldin1949.Pictureswhichadvertisedtelevisioninthe1950sinvariablyshowedahappyfamilygatheredtogetherinthelivingroom,sharingtheTVviewingexperience.WhocouldhaveguessedthataquarterofacenturylaterMothercouldbeinthekitchenwatchingadaytimedrama,Dadwouldbeinthelivingroomwatchingaballgame,andthechildrenwouldbewatchingcartoonsintheirbedrooms?

TelevisionhascertainlychangedAmericanlife,butnotthewaythefirstcriticspredicted.Becausethefirsttelevisionswereenormouslyexpensive,mostfamiliesownedonlyone.By1975,however,60%ofAmericanfamiliesownedtwotelevisionsormoreandsomemiddleclassfamilieshadasmanyasfivetelevisionsetsunderoneroof.Suchmulti-setfamiliesmaykeepfamiliesmembersinthesamehouse,butthathardlybringsthem"together".Infact,familyoutings—hiking,goingtothemovies,goingouttodinner—areoftenlimitedbyTVbe-causeoneormorefamilymembersdon'twanttogo:"I'llmissmyprogram."isthecommoncomplaint.

Perhapsmoreimportantthanthelackoffamilyoutingsisthedestructionoffamilytimetogetherathome.Socialscientistsinthe1950scouldnothaverealizedhowmuchtelevisionAmericanswouldwatchinthe1980s;theaverageAmericanwatches6hoursofTVaday.Thatleaveslittletimeforthespecialfamilycharacteristicsandtraditionsthatusedtobeformedduringlongeveningstogether.Thetimedevotedtogames,songs,andhobbies—allsharedactivities—intheyearsbeforeTVisnowdominatedby"thetube".Andespeciallydamagingtofamilyrelationshipsistheeliminationoftheopportunitiesfortalking,chatting,arguing,anddiscussing.Withoutsuchcommunication,familylifedisintegrates.

Dominationisthekeyword.FamiliesinAmericantodayscheduletheirlivesaroundthetelevision.Childrenrushhomefromschooltowatchtheirprogramswhiletheydotheirhomework.Mothershopsbetweenherspecialprograms.TheskislopesarenearlyemptyonSuperbowlSunday;footballonTVtakesprecedence.Thefamilymayeveneatmealsinfrontofthetelevision.Moreover,televisionisusedasababy-sitter;smallchildrennationwidespendcountlesshoursinfrontoftheTV,passivelyingestingwhateverflashesbeforetheireyes.Additionofsomesortinevitablyfollows;TVbecomesanecessarypartoflife,andreceivingaTVforhisownroombecausethewishofeverychild.Moreover,parentsusethetelevisionasasourceofrewardandpunishment:"Ifyoumowthelawn,youcanwatchTVanextrahourtonight."or"NoTVforyou.Youdidn'tdoyourhomework."Ultimately,life-stylesrevolvearoundaregularscheduleofeating,sleeping,andwatchingtelevision.

Isn'tthereabetterlifethanthisdismal,mechanizedarrangement?AccordingtosocialscientistMaryHelenThuente,"Thequalityoflifeisdiminishedasfamilytiesgrowweaker,aschildren'slivesgrowmoreandmoreseparatefromtheirparents,astheopportunitiesforlivingandsharingwithinafamilyareeliminated."Indeed,ifthefamilydoesnotaccumulatesharedexperiences,itisnotlikelytosurvive.Consequently,ifparentsandchildrenalikedonotchangetheirpriorities,televisionwillcontinuetoexertitsinfluenceonAmericanfamilylifeasbaby-sitter,pacifier,teacher,rolemodel,andsupplierofmoresandmorals,thussup-plantingtheplaceofthefamilyinsociety.10.Describeaprocesswhichyouknowabout.11.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofAdvertising

Theappealofadvertisingtobuyingmotivescanhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffects.Consumersmaybeconvincedtobuyaproductofpoorqualityorhighpricebecauseofanadvertisement.Forexample,someadvertisementhaveappealedtopeople'sdesireforbetterfueleconomyfortheircarsbyadvertisingautomotiveproductsthatimprovegasolinemileage.Someoftheproductswork.Othersareworklessandawasteofconsumers'money.

Sometimesadvertisingisintentionallymisleading.Afewyearsago,abrandofbreadwasofferedtodieterswiththemessagethattherewerefewercaloriesineveryslice.Itturnedoutthatthebreadwasnotdietetic,butjustregularbread.Therewerefewercaloriesbecauseitwasslicedverythin,buttherewerethesamenumberofcaloriesineveryloaf.

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Eachconsumermustevaluateherorhisownsituation.Arethebenefitsoftheproductimportantenoughtojustifybuying?Advertisingisintendedtoappealtoconsumers,butitdoesnotforcethemtobuytheproduct.Consumersstillcontrolfinalbuyingdecision.12.Somepeopleoftensay,"Opportunityplaysavitalroleinsuccess".Doyougoalongwiththeidea.Writeanessay(about300words)expressingyourviewonit.13.Examinations

Inoursystemofeducationtoday,examinationsareacommonfeature.Ourpresenteducationsystemhasoftenbeencriticizedastooexamination-oriented.However,onemustrememberthatinofficesandotherareasofwork,examinationsstillfeatureclearly.Thereisnodoubtthatthefearandinfluenceofexaminationcausemuchpreparationwork.Soitthereforeappearsthatexaminationswhetherconsideredgoodorbadwouldstayforawhileasatestofhumanknowledge.

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Inofficeswhethergovernmentorprivateones,examinationresultsshowclearlywhetherapersonisfitforpromotion.Theresultsindicatehowmuchheknowsaboutthework.

Inourschools,examinationsplayseveralroles.Yearlyschoolexaminationshelptogradestudentsintodifferentclasses.Governmentexaminationhelptostreamstudentsintodifferentclassessothattheycanpursueaspecificlineofstudy.

Inallthesecases,examinationsinculcateaspiritofhardworkandcompetition.Studentsorofficeworkerscanrefreshtheirmindagainandagainonwhattheyhavelearnt.Thismaintainsacertainindividualandoverallstandardofknowledge.14.Writeadescriptionofyourhometown.15.Writeaconcludingparagraphforthefollowingessay.

Spare-timeJob

Withthechangeofpeople'sideas,thosewhodothespare-timejobarenolongerlookeddownupon.Notonlyworkersbutalsoteachersandengineersaregettingmoreinvolvedinthespare-timejob.Theyworkintheirsparetimetomakemoremoneytoimprovetheirownlivingstandard.

However,somepeoplearenotforthis.Theythinkthattheywillfailtodotheirfulltimejobwellifpeopleareengagedintheirspare-timejobs,fortheycan'tconcentratetheirmindduringtheregularworkinghours,ortheyaretootiredtorecoverfromoverwork.What'smore,thespare-timejobwouldmakepeopleinterestedinnothingbutmoney.Theywillbeconcernedwithnothingbutthemselves.16.Composeanessay

E-mailisanentirelynewmeansofcommunication,butitgainsgrowingpopularityrapidly.Writeanessay(about300words)expressingyourviewonit.17.Writeanessayaboutsomethingorsomeoneinterestsyou,tryingtousethestrategyofexemplification.18.Readthefollowingpassageofnonfictioncarefullyandwriteasummaryabout100words.

Whenmostpeoplethinkoftheword"education",theythinkofapupilasasortofanimatesausagecasing.Intothisemptycasing,theteachersaresupposedtostuff"education".

Butgenuineeducation,asSocratesknewmorethantwothousandyearsago,isnotinsertingthestuffingofinformationintoaperson,butratherelicitingknowledgefromhim;itisthedrawingoutofwhatisinthemind.

"Themostimportantpartofeducation,"oncewroteWilliamErnestHocking,thedistinguishedHarvardphilosopher,"isthisinstructionofamaninwhathehasinsidehim."

AndasEdithHamiltonhasremindedus,Socratesneversaid,"Iknow,learnfromme."Hesaid,rather,"LookintoyourownselvesandfindthesparksoftruththatGodhasputin-toeveryheart,andthatonlyyoucankindletoaflame."

Inthedialoguecalledthe"Meno",Socratestakesanignorantslaveboy,withoutadayofschooling,andprovestotheamazedobserversthattheboyreally"knows"geometry-becausetheprinciplesandaxiomsofgeometryarealreadyinhismind,waitingtobecalledout.

Somanyofthediscussionsandcontroversiesaboutthecontentofeducationarefutileandinconclusivebecausetheyareconcernedwithwhatshould"gointo"thestudentratherthanwithwhatshouldbetakenout,andhowthiscanbestbedone.

Acollegestudent,whooncesaidtome,afteralecture,"IspendsomuchtimestudyingthatIdon'thaveachancetolearnanything."wassuccinctlyexpressinghisdissatisfactionwiththesausagecasingviewofeducation.

Hewasbeingsostuffedwithmiscellaneousfacts,withsuchanindigestiblemassofmaterial,thathehadnotime(andwasgivennoencouragement)todrawonhisownresources,tousehisownmindforanalyzingandsynthesizingandevaluatingthismaterial.

Education,tohaveanymeaningbeyondthepurposeofcreatingwell-informeddunces,mustelicitfromthepupilwhatislatentineveryhumanbeing—therulesofreason,theinnerknowledgeofwhatisproperformentobeanddo,theabilitytosiftevidenceandcometoconclusionsthatcangenerallybeassentedtobyallopenmindsandwarmhearts.

Pupilsaremorelikeoystersthansausages.Thejobofteachingisnottostuffthemandthensealthemup,buttohelpthemopenandrevealthericheswithin.Therearepearlsineachofus,ifonlyweknewhowtocultivatethemwithardorandpersistence.19.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea"sentenceoutline"forit.

SmartRavens

Aflockofravensravagingadeadbodymaytechnicallybecalledanunkindness.Peoplehatethem,butravensarenotterrifying.Dotheyhavesharp,curvedbeaks(鳥喙)thattheyusetoteardeadanimalstopieces?Yes.Aretheircallsclosetoahorrifyingandmysteriouslaugh?Mostdefinitely.Butthatdoesn'tmakethemevil.Rather,theyaremasterminds,goodatmakingawesomeplansforthefuture.

ThelatestfindingsofravenscomefromtwoSwedishscientistswholiterallyputravenstotest.Upuntilnow,weknowthatravenshavesomeabilitytoplanaheadfortheirownfoodneedsbecausetheyhidefoodtodiguplater.Thenagain,squirrelsstorefoodinthegroundforlaterandthey're,well,notth