2019外研社版高中英語必修一Unit 3 Family matters 知識(shí)清單(教師版)

閱讀單詞認(rèn)讀studion.(音樂)錄音室courtn.法院,法庭curtainn.(舞臺(tái)上的)幕,帷幕jawn.下巴,下頜extraadj.額外的,另外的summaryn.總結(jié),概要median.新聞媒體,傳媒throughoutprep.在整個(gè)期間,自始至終enormouslyadv.非常,極其disqualifyv.(因犯規(guī)而)取消……的資格重點(diǎn)單詞識(shí)記charactern.(書、劇本、電影等中的)人物,角色approachv.走近,靠近c(diǎn)hatn.閑談,聊天focusv.(把……)集中(于)careern.職業(yè),事業(yè)sighn.嘆氣,嘆息(尤因厭煩、失望、疲倦等)generationn.一代(人)gapn.差距,差別currentlyadv.現(xiàn)時(shí),當(dāng)前regularlyadv.經(jīng)常memoryn.記憶,回憶nowadaysadv.現(xiàn)今,現(xiàn)時(shí)beardn.胡須skinn.皮膚joggingn.慢跑鍛煉slimadj.苗條的,修長的cheekn.面頰,臉頰nationn.國家issuen.(尤指社會(huì)或政治方面的)議題;爭論的問題themen.主題observev.慶祝,過(節(jié)日、生日等)rangen.一系列eventn.活動(dòng)(指演出、體育比賽、聚會(huì)等)impactn.作用,影響featuren.(報(bào)紙或雜志的)特寫typicallyadv.一般,通常individualadj.獨(dú)特的,與眾不同的(一般含褒義)stylen.風(fēng)格detailn.細(xì)節(jié),細(xì)微之處containv.包含,含有seriesn.系列比賽trackn.跑道obviouslyadv.明顯地,顯而易見地despiteprep.盡管,雖然entireadj.全部的,整個(gè)的positiveadj.好的,積極的millionnum.許多,無數(shù)athleten.運(yùn)動(dòng)員,田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員medaln.獎(jiǎng)牌,勛章somehowadv.用某種方法,不知怎的indeedadv.當(dāng)然,確實(shí)(用于強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述或回答)核心詞匯拓展lawyern.律師→lawn.法律assumev.假定,假設(shè),認(rèn)為→assumptionn.假設(shè),認(rèn)為→assumingconj.假定;假設(shè)respectv.&n.尊敬,敬重→respectableadj.值得尊敬的;體面的→respectfuladj.恭敬的;表示敬意的ignorev.忽視,不理→ignorancen.無知,愚昧→ignorantadj.無知的;愚昧的professionaladj.職業(yè)的,專業(yè)的→professionn.職業(yè),專業(yè)→professorn.教授;講師;教員suitv.適合n.西服;套裝→suitableadj.適合的;適宜的talentn.天賦,才能→talentedadj.有天賦的optionn.選擇,可選擇的東西→optionaladj.可選擇的responsibleadj.負(fù)有責(zé)任的,應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的→responsibilityn.責(zé)任aimv.力求達(dá)到n.目標(biāo);目的→aimlessadj.無目標(biāo)的→aimlesslyadv.漫無目的地apologisev.道歉→apologyn.道歉stressn.重音,重讀→stressedadj.焦慮的→stressfuladj.有壓力的strengthn.強(qiáng)烈程度→strengthenv.加強(qiáng)→strongadj.強(qiáng)壯的admirev.欽佩,贊美,羨慕→admirableadj.令人欽佩的→admirationn.欽佩,羨慕j(luò)udgev.判斷,認(rèn)為→judg(e)mentn.判斷力settlev.和解,結(jié)束(爭論)→settlern.移民;殖民者→settlementn.解決powerfuladj.強(qiáng)有力的,有影響(感染)力的→powern.權(quán)力;能力→powerlessadj.無力的;無能的核心短語速記turnto求助于;轉(zhuǎn)向;變成focuson集中注意力于……raiseone’svoice提高某人的嗓門beproudof為……自豪takeone’sadvice聽從某人的建議leave...behind把……拋在后面haveanimpacton對(duì)……有影響jumpinwithbothfeet全心全意地從事inthelead領(lǐng)先endup最終成為nowandthen時(shí)而;有時(shí)settlefor勉強(qiáng)接受,將就adorevt.崇拜;愛慕advancevi.推進(jìn),促進(jìn);前進(jìn)advantagen.優(yōu)點(diǎn);好處advertisementn.廣告advocatevt.鼓吹;提倡affordvt.負(fù)擔(dān)得起(……的費(fèi)用);提供agreementn.協(xié)議aggressiveadj.侵略的;有進(jìn)取心的agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的agriculturen.農(nóng)業(yè)airlinen.航空公司,航線alarmn.&v.警報(bào);警告GrandfatherandFather,seatedatthetable,areplayingchess.(v.-ed作定語)祖父和父親正坐在桌子旁下棋。Thinkaboutanothersituationinwhichyouneedtomakeanapologyandhaveasimilarconversation.(“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句)考慮另外一個(gè)你需要道歉的情景并進(jìn)行類似的對(duì)話。AlistairrantowardsJonny,caughthimandstartedpullinghimtowardsthefinishline.(并列謂語)阿利斯泰爾跑向喬尼,抓住他,并拖著他跑向終點(diǎn)。ButforAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasytoexplain：...(主語＋be＋adj.＋todo句式,todo主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)但是對(duì)阿利斯泰爾而言,他的決定很容易解釋：……Mumwouldn’thavebeenhappyifI’dleftJonnybehind.(if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句)要是我撇下喬尼,媽媽肯定會(huì)不高興的。Atthatmoment,hewasnolongeranathleteaimingforamedal—hewasjustabrother.(v.-ing作定語)在那一刻,他不再是一名想贏得獎(jiǎng)牌的運(yùn)動(dòng)員——他只是一個(gè)哥哥。請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文,然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該短文。focus,apologise,despite,observe,medal,range,containIadmiremyolderbrotherwhoisalawyer.Healways1.focuseshisattentiononhisworkandrespectseveryonearoundhim.Heisveryprofessionalandindeedsuccessfulinhisfield.Whenchattingwithhim,youwillfindhimpositiveandresponsible.Heisverybusy,but2.despitethis,heisatalentedmaninsports.Notonlydoeshelikeplayingbasketball,butalsohelikesjogging.Heregularlyparticipatesinsportseventsandevengetsagold3.medal.Therefore,heisslimbutstrong.EverytimeIseehim,Ican’t4.containmythrill.ThoughIamalittlegirl,heneverignoresme.Instead,heispatienttochatabouta5.rangeofmattersreportedonthemediaandsharehisopinionswithme.Howeverbusyheis,healwaysremembersmybirthdayand6.observesitformeeveryyear.Ifhedoessomethingwrong,he7.willapologisetomesincerely.Ilikemybrotherandrespecthimverymuch.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯approachv.走近,靠近n.接近;通路;方法?beapproaching正在/將要接近with...approaching在……快到的時(shí)候?anapproachto(doing)sth(做)某事的方法/途徑;接近,靠近attheapproachof在快到……的時(shí)候Sofartheyhavediscussedthreenewapproachestokeeping(keep)slim.Itisnotsurprisingthatmanykindsofbirdsflysouthattheapproachofwinter.隨著期末考試的臨近,我變得越來越焦慮。(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信)Withtheapproachofthefinalexam,Ibecamemoreandmoreanxious.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),approachn.)Withthefinalexamapproaching,Ibecamemoreandmoreanxious.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),approachv.)focusv.(把……)集中(于)n.焦點(diǎn);焦距;中心focuson/upon...集中于……focusone’sattention/eyes/energy/effortson...集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/努力于……thefocusofattention注意的焦點(diǎn)Peopleareunderstressnowadays.Therefore,healthproblemshavebecomeincreasinglythefocusofattention.Becausehefocusedhisattentiononhishomework,hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.Focusinghisattentiononhishomework,hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)Withhisattentionfocusedonhishomework,hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))assumevt.假定,假設(shè);設(shè)想;認(rèn)為[assumptionn.假定,假設(shè);(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān);(權(quán)力的)獲得]assumesb/sth(tobe)＋adj./n.假定/認(rèn)為某人/某事(為)……Itisgenerallyassumedthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為……assuming(that)...假設(shè)……ontheassumptionthat...假定……makeanassumption做出臆斷Hewasassumedtobe(be)oneofthemostcommittedlawyersinhisfield.人們普遍認(rèn)為慢跑對(duì)心肺有益。Itisgenerallyassumedthatjoggingisbeneficialtoheartandlungs.假如我被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席,我將組織更多豐富多彩的課外活動(dòng)來豐富我們的學(xué)校生活。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請(qǐng)信)Assuming(that)/OntheassumptionthatIamchosentobechairmanoftheStudentCouncil,Iwillorganizemorecolorfulafter-classactivitiestoenrichourschoollife.respectv.尊敬,敬重n.方面;尊重;敬意;問候(常用復(fù)數(shù))(respectableadj.值得尊敬的;體面的,得體的respectfuladj.表示敬意的,尊敬的)respectsbforsth因?yàn)槟呈伦鹬啬橙藄how/haverespectfor...尊重……ineveryrespect在各方面giveone’srespectstosb向某人問候/致意inrespectof＝withrespectto至于,關(guān)于,就……而言Iabsolutelyrespectthishonestmanforhiswillingnesstohelpothersintrouble.到家后,代我向你父親致意。Afterarrivalatyourhome,givemyrespectstoyourfather.在我們生活的許多方面,總有值得尊敬的人。關(guān)于我最尊敬的人,我不得不提到我的數(shù)學(xué)老師。(話題寫作之最尊敬的人)(2020·全國Ⅰ,書面表達(dá))Inmanyrespectsofourlife,therearealwaysrespectablepeople.Withrespectto/InrespectofthepersonIrespectmost,Ihavetomentionmymathsteacher.responsibleadj.負(fù)責(zé)的;有責(zé)任的(responsibilityn.責(zé)任;義務(wù))beresponsibleforsth對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)takeresponsibilityforsth對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)Itissb’sresponsibilitytodosth.做某事是某人的職責(zé)。Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youshouldberesponsible(responsibility)forwhatyouaredoingandsetanexampletothefuturegenerations.Asanathlete,youshouldtakeresponsibilityforyourbehaviorsinthetrackandfieldevents.呼吁人們保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境免受污染是我們的責(zé)任。(應(yīng)用文寫作之倡議書)Itisourresponsibilitytoappealtopeopletoprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.aimn.目標(biāo);目的vt.&vi.瞄準(zhǔn);(向某方向)努力;力求達(dá)到;對(duì)準(zhǔn);目的在于(aimlessadj.無目標(biāo)的)takeaimat瞄準(zhǔn)……withtheaimof有……的目的aimat瞄準(zhǔn);目的在于aimsthatsb/sth用某物朝向/瞄準(zhǔn)某人或某物aimtodo.../atdoing...旨在做……;力求達(dá)到……beaimedat目的是;旨在Iaimtotry(try)outforatalentshowtoprovethatevenapersonwithnoarmsiscapableofplayingthepiano.I’mherewiththeaimofapologisingtoyouformyimpoliteness.我們將舉辦一次英語演講比賽,旨在豐富我們的課外活動(dòng)和練習(xí)英語口語。(話題寫作之活動(dòng)介紹)WewillhaveanEnglishspeechcontest,whichisaimedatenrichingourextracurricularactivitiesandpracticingouroralEnglish.(which引導(dǎo)定語從句)WewillhaveanEnglishspeechcontest,aimingatenrichingourextracurricularactivitiesandpracticingouroralEnglish.(分詞作狀語)apologisev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)makeanapologytosb(forsth)(因某事)向某人道歉owesbanapology應(yīng)向某人道歉apologisetosbforsth因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼窸bviously,thestudenthadnootherchoicebuttoapologisetohisteacherforthemistakehehadmade.Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshouldapologisetoherdeskmateforherbadbehavior.→Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshouldmakeanapologytoherdeskmateforherbadbehavior.(apologyn.)星期五下午我不能和你一起去書店了,我應(yīng)向你道歉。(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)IoweyouanapologyforthefactthatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.settlevi.定居;安家;停留vt.使定居;使平靜下來;安排;解決(settlementn.定居點(diǎn);解決;移民settlern.移居者;殖民者)settledown(使)安定;安居;平靜下來settlein/into安頓下來;習(xí)慣于;適應(yīng)settledownto(doing)sth開始認(rèn)真對(duì)待/做某事settlefor勉強(qiáng)接受,將就Havingsettledin/intoabeautifulvillage,hesettlesdowntohiswriting.Withthegovernment’said,millionsofpeopleaffectedbytheterribleearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements(settle).每天有許多艱難的問題要解決,我感到壓力很大。(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信)Withsomanyhardproblemstosettleeveryday,Ifeelgreatlystressed.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))be＋adj.＋todo...ButforAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasytoexplain：...但是對(duì)阿利斯泰爾而言,他的決定很容易解釋：……在“be＋adj.＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形容詞有：interesting,hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,comfortable,cheap,expensive,pleasant等。即使這個(gè)問題很難解決,我也沒有放棄,因?yàn)槲覉?jiān)信“有志者,事竟成”。Eventhoughtheproblemwasdifficulttosolve,Ididn’tgiveitupbecauseIfirmlybelievedthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway”.竹子與健康、富饒和幸福的家庭有關(guān)。它們很容易照料,也很容易制成精美的禮物。(2020·全國Ⅱ)Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasytocareforandmakegreatpresents.(2022·全國乙)Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.除了經(jīng)常性的書面交流,還有其他選擇,比如留下語音信息或進(jìn)行群聊。(2022·全國乙)Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.對(duì)它們的檢查越規(guī)律,鐵路的安全性、可靠性和準(zhǔn)時(shí)性就越能得到改善。(2021·北京)Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.然而這些警示信息很可能會(huì)被忽視。我們都希望事情能有所好轉(zhuǎn)。(2020·新高考全國Ⅱ)Tosurviveintheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.為了在森林里生存,動(dòng)物必須攀爬、跳躍或飛越縫隙。(2020·天津)Makingafull-lengthclayfigurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo!制作一個(gè)完整的黏土雕像不會(huì)耗盡我的體力——那是我試圖想做的事情！提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙observeA.看到；注意到B.觀察C.遵守D.慶祝Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyhomesickChinesestillobservetraditionalcustoms.CThescientistdevotedmostofhislifetimetoobservingthebehaviorofthechimps.BCouldyoutellmehowyouusuallyobserveThanksgivingDayinyourcountry?DThethiefwasobservedtoopenthewindowandrunaway.A快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思。Zactracksdownthemedal’srightfulowner,andreturnsit.v.追蹤Theministerissuedastatementtothepress.v.公布;發(fā)布核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語言知識(shí)Assuming(assume)thatIdothejob,Iwillshowmycreativityinanewway.Thegirlwenttopickupthebagcontaining(contain)hermedals,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.Judging(judge)fromhisnegativeattitudetowardsmath,hemusthavesufferedanentirefailureintheexam.Oneoftheinterestingfeatures(feature)ofthecityistheoldmarket,impressingtouriststhroughoutthecountry.It’sanhonourtobehereandtosharewithyouthestoryofhowtheprofessor(profession)hasinspiredmycreativity.Wedon’thavetoreadtheseprofessionalbooks,becausetheyareoptional(option).Nottheworkersbutthemanageristakingresponsibility(responsible)forthesafetyofthehighwayunderconstruction.Toexpressmyapology(apologize),Iintendtobuyyouabrand-newdictionary.Thetalentedpainterwassoabsorbedinpaintingthathedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching(approach).Afterchatting(chat)onlinewithher,IamawarethatherapproachtolearningEnglishisindeedeffective.單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練(2021·北京)——因故周末不能赴約很遺憾我不能和你出去,因?yàn)槲冶仨殔⒓颖局苣┯芍袑W(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)舉辦的辯論比賽。(v.-ed作定語)ItismuchtomyregretthatIcan’tgooutwithyoubecauseIhavetoattendadebatecompetitiontobeheldbyMiddleSchoolUnionthisweekend.這次旨在拓寬學(xué)生視野、豐富學(xué)生生活的比賽對(duì)我很有吸引力。(aimtodo)Thecompetitionaimingtobroadenstudents’horizonsandenrichstudents’lifeisanattractionforme.我被選中代表我的學(xué)校參加比賽,在比賽中我可以展示我的語言技能。(“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句)IamchosentorepresentmyschooltotakepartinthecompetitioninwhichIcanshowmylanguageskills.老實(shí)說,這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)確實(shí)很難得到,我想好好利用它。(主語＋be＋adj.＋todo)Tobehonest,theopportunityisindeedhardtogetandIwanttomakegooduseofit.我再次為沒有按照承諾和你出去而道歉,如果你允許我另定時(shí)間,我將不勝感激。(apologisetosbfor)Iapologisetoyouagainfornotgoingoutwithyouaspromised,andIwouldappreciateitifyoucouldallowmetofixanothertime.微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練[教材續(xù)寫語料]動(dòng)作描寫approachv.靠近c(diǎn)hatvi.&n.聊天ignorevt.不理睬;忽視sighv.&n.嘆氣settlevi.定居;安家;停留vt.使定居;解決;安排apologisevi.道歉judgev.判斷containvt.抑制人物描寫talentn.天賦responsibleadj.負(fù)責(zé)任的→responsibilityn.責(zé)任jawn.下巴beardn.胡須skinn.皮膚slimadj.苗條的[續(xù)寫語料運(yùn)用]請(qǐng)從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯,完成以下語段。然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該語段。(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)——母親節(jié)給媽媽驚喜看到亂七八糟的場面,爸爸驚訝地張口結(jié)舌。珍娜低下頭,淚流滿面,為此向爸爸道歉。一半驚訝,一半擔(dān)心,一種關(guān)心孩子們的責(zé)任感驅(qū)使父親擦去她的眼淚。然后,爸爸說：“讓我們一起做吧！”爸爸幫助他們成功地做了早餐。拿著早餐,雙胞胎在接近媽媽的房間時(shí)有點(diǎn)緊張。媽媽一睜開眼睛,她就無法控制自己的情緒?！爸x謝,親愛的！”她哽咽地說。Seeingthemess,Dad’sjawdroppedopen.Jennaloweredherhead,andapologisedtoDadforthis,withtearsonhercheeks.Halfsurprised,halfconcerned,asenseofresponsibilityofcaringaboutthekidsdrovethefathertowipeawayhertears.ThenDadsaid,“Let’sdoittogether！”Dadhelpedthemandmadethebreakfastsuccessfully.Withthebreakfastinhand,thetwinswerealittlenervouswhenapproachingMom’sroom.ThemomentMomopenedhereyes,shecouldn’tcontainheremotion.“Thankyou,mydarling!”shechoked.詞形變化填空(每小題2分,共20分)Thesettlerssettleddowninahouseshapedlikeaship,tryingtoachieveasettlementwithoutusingmilitaryforce.(settle)Heaimedtofindouttheanswerinthereferencebooks,butitwasnousereadingthebookaimlessly.(aim)Inallrespectsofourlife,therearealwaysrespectablepeoplewhodeserveourrespect.(respect)Inthisprofession,ProfessorSmithdeservesourrespect,becauseheisindeedprofessionalincommunicatingwithchildren.(profession)Theotherday,thelawyerboughtanewsuitwhichwassuitableforhim.(suit)Althoughhewasstrong,theworkmadehimsotiredthathedidn’thavethestrengthtowalkanyfurther.Hestillneededtostrengthenhisbody.(strength)I’mafraidthatitisbeyondmypowertomakeapowerfulimpactonthechildren.(power)Judgingfromhisexpression,thejudgementhisbrothermadeontheissuemadehimdissatisfied.(judge)Iapologisedtoherformybeingrude,butshedidn’tintend