中醫(yī)文化簡介經(jīng)典教程

cycindy版權(quán)下載可改Yin

And

Yangthe

law

of

natureEverything

in

the

universe

contains

yin

and

yangdynamicbrighthotfunctionaletc...staticdarkcoldsubstantialetc…Yin

YangThe

Five

Element

Theorynatural

philosophy

in

ancient

ChinagenerationgenerationgenerationrestrictionrestrictiongenerationrestrictiongenerationrestrictrieosntrictionThe

relationships

of

generation,

restriction七情指的是人的精神活動(dòng)。中醫(yī)把它們歸為七類：喜、怒、哀、思、悲、驚、恐。在正常情況下，它們是人體對(duì)環(huán)境刺激的不同反應(yīng)，屬于正常的生理活動(dòng)，不會(huì)致病。當(dāng)突然、強(qiáng)烈、持久的精神刺激超出了人體的適應(yīng)力和忍受力，情感刺激就會(huì)成為致病因素，引起氣、血和臟腑的功能失調(diào)和陰陽失衡，從而導(dǎo)致疾病。這就是“內(nèi)傷七情”。中醫(yī)云：“怒傷肝；喜傷心；憂傷肺；思傷脾；驚恐傷腎”。異常情緒主要影響內(nèi)臟氣的活動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致氣的升降失常。具體的說“怒則氣上；喜則氣緩；悲則氣消；恐則氣下；驚則氣亂；思則氣結(jié)”。The

Four

Diagnostic

MethodsInspectionThe

observation

of

complexion

is

a

diagnostic

method

for

inspecting

the

colour

and

lustre

of

the

face.

TCM

divides

the

facial

colours

into

blue,

yellow,

red,

pale

anblack,

also

known

as

the

"five

colours",

whose

changes

may

indicates

the

natureand

the

location

of

a

disease.

Generally

speaking,

red

complexion

indicates

heatsyndromes;

white

complexion

indicates

cold

and

deficiency

syndrome;

yellowcomplexion

deficiency

and

dampness

syndromes;

blue

complexion

suggests

pain

andcold

syndrome,blood

stasis

and

convulsion;

and

black

complexion

hints

deficiency

ofthe

kidney,

blood

stasis

and

fluid

retention.

Inspection

also

includes

observation

ofphysical

build.

By

the

observation

of

sturdiness,

weakness,

obesity

or

emaciation

aswell

as

the

posture

of

the

movement

and

stillness,

different

kinds

of

diseases

may

hefound

out.

And,

in

particular,

the

observation

of

the

tongue

is

a

unique

procedure

inTCM

diagnosis.

It

is

used

to

observe

the

changes

of

the

tongue

proper

and

the

tonguecoating

so

as

to

determine

the

abundance

or

decline

of

vital

qi,

tell

the

location

of

adisease,

distinguish

the

nature

of

pathogenic

factors

and

infer

the

degree

ofseriousness

of

a

disease.察色是觀察面部的顏色和光澤的一種診斷方法。中醫(yī)將面色分為青、

黃、紅、白、黑，也稱為“五色”，面色的改變可以提示疾病的性質(zhì)和部位。總的來說，色紅提示熱證；色白提示寒證和虛證；黃色提示虛證和濕證；青色提示痛證、寒證、血瘀和痙證；黑色提示腎虛、血瘀和水液停滯。望還包括對(duì)體質(zhì)的觀察。觀察體質(zhì)的強(qiáng)弱、肥瘦和動(dòng)靜姿勢可以發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的疾病。望舌是中醫(yī)獨(dú)特的診斷步驟。通常用觀察舌質(zhì)和舌苔的改變來確定正氣的盛衰和疾病的部位，區(qū)分病邪的性質(zhì)，推斷疾病的嚴(yán)重程度。Auscultation

and

Olfaction另外一種診斷方法是聽和嗅。聽意味著聽病人的聲音、言語、呼吸、咳嗽和呻吟。通過聽，醫(yī)生不僅可以了解發(fā)音器官的變化，還可以推斷內(nèi)臟器官的病理改變。嗅指的濕聞病人分泌物和排泄物的氣味。擴(kuò)展來說，臭氣通常提示實(shí)熱證；惡臭提示虛寒證；

腐味和酸味暗示食滯。Another

diagnostic

method

is

auscultation

andolfaction.

Auscultationmeans

listening

to

thepatient"s

voice,

speaking,

respiration,

coughingand

moaning.

By

auscultation,

the

doctor

can

not

only

learn

about

thechanges

of

the

phonatory

organ,but

also

infer

the

pathologicalchanges

of

the

internal

organs.While

olfaction

means

smelling

thepatient"s

odor

of

the

secretion

and

excretion.By

and

large,stenchodor

usually

indicates

heat

syndromes

of

excess;stinking（爛醉）odor

suggests

cold

syndromes

of

deficiency;and

foul

and

sour

odorimplies

retention

of

food.Inquiry這是一種向病人及其同伴詢問和收集有關(guān)疾病信息的一種診斷方法。醫(yī)生還應(yīng)通過詢問了解疾病的發(fā)生、過程、診斷和治療。以下是現(xiàn)病史的詢問列表：A.問寒熱B.問汗C.問飲食D.問二便E.問痛F.問睡眠This

is

a

diagnostic

method

in

which

the

patient

orhis

companion

are

inquired

to

collect

theinformation

concerning

a

disease.Here

is

an

outline

of

inquiring

about

the

presentillness:Asking

about

Chills

and

FeverAsking

about

PerspirationAsking

about

Diet

and

AppetiteAsking

about

Defecation

and

UrinationQuestioning

about

PainQuestioning

ahout

SleepPulse-taking

and

Palpation這是第四種診斷方法，包括切脈和按壓身體的其它部位。前者是通過醫(yī)生的指尖感覺患者橈側(cè)腕部動(dòng)脈以判斷脈的狀況的一個(gè)診斷步驟，從而了解和推斷疾病的狀況。后者也是醫(yī)生通過觸摸、感覺、推和按身體的一定部位，檢查局部異常改變的一個(gè)步驟，因此，可以確定疾病的部位和性質(zhì)。It

is

the

fourth

diagnostic

methnd,

including

pulse-taking

and,

on

the

other,palpation

of

different

parts

of

the

body.

The

former

is

a

diagnosticprocedure

by

which

the

physician

may

feel

the

patient"s

radial

arteries

withthe

finger-tips

to

judge

pulse

condition,

thus

learning

and

inferring

thecondition

of

illness.

The

latter

is

also

a

procedure

by

which

the

physicianmay

touch,

feel,

push

and

press

certain

parts

of

the

body

to

detect

localabnormal

changes,

thereby

determining

the

location

and

nature

of

thedisease.Medical

ClassicMing

Dynasty《Ben

Cao

Gang

Mu》581-682

AD《Bei

Ji

Qian

Jin

Yao

Fang》Western

Jin

Dynasty《Zhen

Jiu

Jia

Yi

Jing》Han

Dynasty《Shang

Han

Lun》2,000

years

ago《Huang

Di

Nei

jing》More

than

2,000

years

ago,

came

out

Huangdi"s

Classic

on

Medicine(

Huang

Di

Nei

jing

),

which

is

the

earliest

medical

classic

extant

in

China.

The

bookgives

a

complete

and

systematic

exposition

to

the

following

various

subjects

:the

relationship

between

man

and

nature,

the

physiology

and

pathology

ofthe

human

body,

and

the

diagnosis,

treatment

and

prevention

ot

diseases.

Italso

uses

the

theories

of

yin-yang

and

the

five

elements

to

deal

fully

with

theprinciples

of

treatment

by

differentiation

of

syndromes

(TDS)

according

to

theclimatic

and

seasonal

conditions,

geographical

localities

and

individualconstitution.

Hence（

giving

expression）

to

the

holistic

concept

of

taking

thehuman

body

as

an

organic

whole

and

taking

the

human

body

with

thesurrounding

environment

as

the

integrity.

It

laid

a

preliminary

foundation

forthe

theoretical

formation

of

TCM.2000多年前出現(xiàn)的《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是中國現(xiàn)存的最早醫(yī)著。該書對(duì)人和自然的關(guān)系、人體的生理及病理、疾病的預(yù)防和診治等方面進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)全面的說明。同時(shí)它運(yùn)用陰

陽

和

五

行理論全面闡述了因時(shí)、因地、因人而異辯證論治的原則并且表達(dá)了整體觀念的思想即把人體看作一個(gè)整體，把人與其周圍的環(huán)境看作一個(gè)整體。這為中醫(yī)理論的形成奠定了初步的基礎(chǔ)。Ming

Dynasty《Ben

Cao

Gang

Mu》581-682

AD《Bei

Ji

Qian

Jin

Yao

Fang》Western

Jin

Dynasty《Zhen

Jiu

Jia

Yi

Jing》Han

Dynasty《Shang

Han

Lun》2,000

years

ago《Huang

Di

Nei

jing》In

the

Han

Dynasty

(3rd

century

AD

),

Zhang

Zhongjing,

anoutstanding

physician,

wrote

Treatise

on

Febrile

andMiscellaneous

Diseases

(

Shang

Han

Za

Bing

Lun

),

which

isdivided

into

two

books

by

later

generations,

one

is

entitled

"Treatise

onFebrile

Diseases",

(

Shang

Han

Lun

)

,

the

otherSynopsis

of

Prescriptions

of

Golden

Cabinet

(Jin

Kui

Yao

Lue

)

.The

book

established

the

pnriciple

of

TDS（Treatment

ofDifferentiation

Syndromes；Technical

Data

System技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)）,thereby

laying

a

foundation

for

the

development

of

clinicalmedicine.漢朝（公元前3世紀(jì)）的張仲景是一位著名的醫(yī)家，著有《傷寒雜病論》。該書被后人分為兩部分，名為《傷寒論》和《金匱要略》。該書建立了辯證論治的原則及技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)，因此，為臨床醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。Ming

Dynasty《Ben

Cao

Gang

Mu》581-682

AD《Bei

Ji

Qian

Jin

Yao

Fang》Western

Jin

Dynasty《Zhen

Jiu

Jia

Yi

Jing》Han

Dynasty《Shang

Han

Lun》2,000

years

ago《Huang

Di

Nei

jing》西金時(shí)期的著名醫(yī)家皇浦謐編輯的《針灸甲乙經(jīng)》由12卷128章組成，包括349個(gè)穴位。它是現(xiàn)存最早的針灸學(xué)專著，也是針灸史上最具影響力的著作之一。In

the

Western

Jin

Dynasty.

Huang

Fumi,

a

famousphysician,

compiled

A-B

Classic

of

Acupuncture

andMoxibustion

(Zhen

Jiu

Jia

Yi

Jing

)

The

book

consists

of12

volumes

with

128

chapters,

including

349

acupoints.

Itis

the

earliest

extant

work

dealing

exclusively

withacupuncture

and

moxibustion

and

one

of

the

mostinfluential

works

in

the

history

of

acupuncture

andmoxibustion.Ming

Dynasty《Ben

Cao

Gang

Mu》581-682

AD《Bei

Ji

Qian

Jin

Yao

Fang》Western

Jin

Dynasty《Zhen

Jiu

Jia

Yi

Jing》Han

Dynasty《Shang

Han

Lun》2,000

years

ago《Huang

Di

Nei

jing》Sun

Simiao

(581-682

AD)

devoted

all

his

life

to

writing

out

thetwo

books:

Valuable

Prescriptions

for

Emergencies

(Bei

Ji

QianJin

Yao

Fang

)

and

Supplement

to

Valuable

Prescriptions(

Qian

Jin

Yi

Fang)

.

The

hooks

deal

with

general

medicaltheory,

materia

medica,

gynecology

and

obstetrics,

pediatrics,acupuncture

and

moxibustion,

diet,

health

preservationandprescriptions

for

various

branches

of

medicine.

Both

books

arerecognized

as

representative

works

of

medicine

in

the

TangDynasty.

Sun

Simiao

was

honored

by

later

generations

as

"theking

of

herbal

medicine".孫思邈（公元前581－682年）傾其一生精力撰寫了兩部著作，分別是《備急千金藥方》和《千金翼方》.書中涉及了醫(yī)理總論、中藥、

婦產(chǎn)科、兒科、針灸、方藥飲食及養(yǎng)生等醫(yī)學(xué)的不同分支。兩本著作都是唐代醫(yī)學(xué)的代表作。孫思邈因此被后世譽(yù)為“方藥之祖”。Ming

Dynasty《Ben

Cao

Gang

Mu》581-682

AD《Bei

Ji

Qian

Jin

Yao

Fang》Western

Jin

Dynasty《Zhen

Jiu

Jia

Yi

Jing》Han

Dynasty《Shang

Han

Lun》2,000

years

ago《Huang

Di

Nei

jing》Li

Shizhen

(1518-1593

AD),

a

famousphysician

andpharmacologistin

the

Ming

Dynasty,

wrote

The

Compendiumof

Materia

Medica

(

Ben

Cao

Gang

Mu

).

The

book

consists

of