大學(xué)生網(wǎng)上創(chuàng)業(yè).外文翻譯

..-..-可修遍-XX大學(xué)201７屆本科畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)〕英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯ResearchontheConstructionofCollegeStudents'OnlineEntrepreneurshipPlatform學(xué)生：XXXX所在系別：管理系所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)：信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)師：XXXX〔講師〕完成時(shí)間：201７年4月12日..ResearchontheConstructionofCollegeStudents'OnlineEntrepreneurshipPlatformAbstract—AlongwiththetransformationofChina'seconomicstructureandthepopularizationofmasseducation,theemploymentsituationofuniversitystudentsisbeinggrimmer.Asanidealwayforuniversitystudentstotakeupanoccupation,theentrepreneurshiphasbeethefocusofattentiontothegovernment,societyanduniversity.However,therearesomeproblemsthatneedtobesolved.Startingfromthecultivationofuniversitystudents'innovationconsciousness,theconstructionofonlineventureplatformcouldcreatebusinessatmosphere,implemententrepreneurshipeducation,linkuptheentrepreneursandfirms,andbringabouttheprehensivedevelopmentofuniversitystudents'entrepreneurship.Keywords:collegestudents,entrepreneurship,platform,education I.THEBACKGROUNDOFCOLLEGESTUDENTS'ENTREPRENEURSHIPInrecentyears,undertheguidanceofcentralpolicyandthechangeoftheenvironmentofeconomicsandsociety,entrepreneurshiphasbeeoneoftheimportantemploymentchoicesforgraduates.Thus,entrepreneurshipforgraduateshasbeenintheactiveperiod.Graduateswouldhaveachievedagreatcareeriftheycouldseizetheopportunitiesunderthebackgroundofentrepreneurship.A.ThegrimemploymentsituationAftersuccessfullypletingstudies,mostofuniversitystudentsfacewiththechoiceofemployment.Thedevelopmentofeconomyandsocietyhasgreatlychangedtheemploymentsituationofuniversitystudents.First,after30yearsofrapidgrowth,China’sprehensiveeconomicstrengthleapttotheforefrontoftheworld,withsignificantlyenhancingthelevelofscienceandtechnologyandunceasinglystrengtheningtheinternationalpetitivenessoffirms.Allabovepromotethecontinuousoptimizationoftheindustrialstructure,constantlyupgradethetraditionalmanualindustry,developtheintensivetechnologyindustryandweakenthedemandofemployment.Secondly,aftertherapidgrowth,Chineseeconomyfaceswiththegrowthshiftwhichwillinevitablygiveemploymentgrowthtosomepressure.Finally,thenumberofcollegegraduatesisgrowingrapidly.AccordingtotheinformationreleasedbyChinaEducationOnline，thepopularizationofmasseducationinuniversitiesleadstotheincreaseofgraduatesfrom1140000in2001to7490000in2015[1].Thefactorsthathavechangedthestatewherethestateandgovernmentofferjobsforgraduatesincludetheadjustmentofeconomicstructure,thetransitionofindustrialstructureandthegrowthofthenumberofuniversitygraduates.So,theemploymentpressureincreasesfortheuniversitystudents.B.TheunprecedentedentrepreneurshipopportunityThenewtimegivestudentsthechanceofentrepreneurship.First,thegovernment,withthesocietyanduniversitiespaysattentiontouniversitystudents'entrepreneurship,formulatesaseriesofpreferentialpoliciesandmeasurestoassist,andrelievestaxation,fundingandchargesconsiderably.TakingChongqingforanexample,itismadeclearintheplanofsupportmechanismandimplementationforChongqingsmallmicroenterprise(TheChongqingmunicipalgovernment[2014]36)thatthesupportmechanismofthesmallandmicrofirmshasbeenlistedinthe25keyreformprojects.Thegovernmenthasformulatedaseriesofpoliciestosupportmicrofirms,reducethecostsofentrepreneurshipandstimulatecreativity.Tostrengthentheindustryguidance,supportpoliciesstipulatethatthemicrofirms,thatarefoundedinareaoffivemunicipalencourageinnovation(suchasscienceandtechnology,electronicmerce,energyconservationandenvironmentalprotection,culturalandcreative,andagriculture)andtheencouragedindustryofthecounty,canapplyforlessthan5millionyuanstart-upgrants(formerlyfinancialsubsidies)andamaximumof15millionyuanofbusinesssupportloansaftertwomonthsoftheregistration.Atpresent,theentrepreneurshipofuniversitygraduatesinChongqingcanobtainthemaximumsubsidyofuptonearly240000[2].Secondly,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheinternet,itsusersgrowrapidly.AsofJune2014,the34th?ChinaInternetdevelopmentstatisticsreport?releasedbyNICshowedthatthescaleofChina'sInternetusershadreached6.32billion,withtheincreaseof1442millionparedwiththeendof2013,internetpenetrationratewas46.9%.So,onlineentrepreneurshiphasbeeonedirectionofuniversitystudents?entrepreneurship.Thediversificationofentrepreneurshipchannelsnotonlyencouragesuniversitystudentstoachievetherealentrepreneurship,butalsoonlineentrepreneurship.II.THEGENERALSITUATIONANDMAINPROBLEMSOFCOLLEGESTUDENTS'ENTREPRENEURSHIPTheentrepreneurshipofgraduateshasbeethefocusofthewholesociety.However,onlywhenthemainproblemsbelowgetsolved,cantheentrepreneurshipofgraduatesdevelophealthily.Thecollegestudents'entrepreneurialdesireisstronger,butlessactualbusinessEntrepreneurshipistheimplementationprocessofentrepreneursfromwealthaccumulationtorealizethevalueoflife.Thepowerofexampleisendless.WhentheyknowotherentrepreneurscanquicklygrowuptobetheCEOofanenterprise,entrepreneurstaketotheroadoftheirownbusinessfromemployeestothebossstepbystep.Theygetsuccessquicklyfrompennilesstoasharpincreaseinwealthoreveninashorttimeearnthefirstbucketofgold.Therefore,moreandmorestudentsareeagertoentrepreneurship.FromDecember2014toMarch2015,byfacetofaceinterviewandnetworkinvestigation,wemadequestionnairestothegraduatesofChongqingTechnologyandBusinessUniversityandotheruniversities,inwhich691effectivequestionnairesweretakenback,46.16%ofcollegestudentshaveadesireforentrepreneurshipbutnobusiness.Only6.08%withentrepreneurialaspirationsandbeingentrepreneurial.Obviouslyforcollegestudentsentrepreneurshipisattractive.Howevertheseentrepreneurswhoarenotconfidentaboutitduetothelimitedknowledgeandexperiencearelessimplementationandlesssuccess.Datashowsourcountrycollegestudents'entrepreneurialsuccessrateofChinesegraduatesisonly2%~3%,farbelowtheaveragerateofentrepreneurialsuccess.B.Lowbusinesslevelandlow-techThroughtheinvestigation,Zhangfindsthataquarterofthestudentsbelievethatentrepreneurshipisnothingbutmakingmoney,whatevercareeryouchoose[4].Mostofcollegestudents'entrepreneurshipwhobehaveirrationallyandmuchblindnessstayinlow-techandapplylesstheirprofessionalknowledgetobusinesslikestreetvendorandsellingsmallmodities.Entrepreneurswhocannotfindtherightentrepreneurialopportunitiesintheirownfieldspaymoreattentiontohowtogetmoreeconomicbenefitsassoonaspossiblewithoutbiningwiththeirownexpertiseandentrepreneurship.Henceinpetitionwithotherentrepreneurswhodidnotplaytheirstrengthsresultinlow-techandpoorquality.C.WeakentrepreneurialabilityDuetolackofexperience,undergraduateentrepreneurshipwasnotsensitivetothemarketandmostcollegestudentswereeasiertofollowtheothersblindly.Therefore,theopportunitywasnoteasytobeminingandthepanywasnotarrangedandoperatedeffectively.Forthemajority,universitystudentpresentsstrongcapriciousness.Sincehadnolongtermplanandnotmanagedthepanyscientifically,collegestudentsweremorelikelytogiveupassoonasthepanybeeunprofitable.Furthermore,thethepoorabilitytouseresources,planprojectandimplementledtoalooseteamandinpetenceofleadershipwhichrestrictedthedevelopmentofenterprise.III.THEBENEFITTOESTABLISHONLINEENTREPRENEURSHIPPLATFORMFORCOLLEGESTUDENTSThroughonlineentrepreneurialplatform,studentscouldraisetheirinterestinentrepreneurship,getaidandguidanceaboutthepracticalproblemsintheprocessofentrepreneurship.A.Torealizetheeffectivenessofentrepreneurshipeducationparedwiththeentrepreneursofforties,fifties,collegestudents,asyoung,educatedgenerationinthesocietyhavenumerousadvantages.Firstly,theyhaveaquickprehensiontowardnewthingsandaregoodatlearningnewknowledgefromthesurroundingenvironment,especiallygettingtheinformation,knowledgefromtheinternet.Theyareeasytoacceptnewthingsandwillingtohaveatryfornewthingstheyareinterestedin.Moreover,theyhaveagreatpushtodowhattheywanttodowithoutbeingfetteredbyoldtradition.Secondly,throughstudyingfromtheprimaryschooltocollege,theyareequippedwithsystematicknowledgeandspecializedskill.Intheageof"Internet+〞,muchinformationcanbeobtainedfromtheinternetwhichisafieldcollegestudentsaregoodat.Theestablishingofentrepreneurshipplatformcanprovidethetrainingofentrepreneurshipknowledge,thepreferentialpolicyandchoiceofentrepreneurshipprojectandantherinformation.Bythisway,itcanseparateitselffromthetraditionaltheoreticalteachingmodelandatthesametimecanaddmoresimulationsandinteresting.B.ToadaptthelivinghabitofcollegestudentsWithenteringintheageofInternet,BigDataandCloudPlatformcreatemuchconnectionbetweenthelifeofcollegestudentsandtheinternet.Theonlinelibraryalsobeesanimportantmeasureforcollegestudentstoacquireknowledgeandreadonline.Moreover,theyshoponline,sendmessageonlineandmakefriendsonlineandsoon.Internethasbeenpenetratingthelifeofcollegestudentsandmakestheirentrepreneurshipnolongerbeconfinedinthereality.ForexampleinthewebsiteofChongqingcollegestudententrepreneurshipservice,thestudentscangettheonlineentrepreneurshiptrainingandeducationandmakefulluseoftheirscatteredtimetoacplishtheaccumulationofentrepreneurshipknowledgewithoutbeingrestrainedbythetimeandspace.C.TomakeuptheinsufficiencyofrealentrepreneurshippracticeIntherealentrepreneurshippractice,collegestudentarerequiredtoaseriesofformalitiestoberegisteredandthenneedsomemoneytorentashop.What?smore,theyshouldhireamantomanagethisshop,stockupgoodsforcustomer?schoosing.Theopeningtimeisalsorigidlyrestricted.However,startingbusinessonlinejustrequiressomesimpleregistrationsandisunnecessarytorentashopandhireaman.Youcanpurchaseyourgoodswhenreceivingtheorder,whichcanrealizethezerostockandlowerthecostsharply.Besidetheopeningtimecanbestretchedto24hours.Soitcanbeagoodwaytorealizetheentrepreneurshipthroughinternet.IV.CREATINGAHIGHQUALITYONLINEPLATFORMFORCOLLEGESTUDENTS’ENTREPRENEURSHIPToestablishanonlineplatformforcollegestudents?entrepreneurshipisinurgentneedduetothemultipledevelopmentsofcollegestudents.Onlineplatformcannotonlyrealizetheentrepreneurshipinrealitybutalsoacplishthespaceandtimeforextendedbusinessaswellasgiveafullplaytotheadvantagesofcollegestudents.Tocultivatetheawarenessofcollegestudents’innovationandentrepreneurEntrepreneurshipisanadvancedactivitythatintegratedprehensiveapplicationofknowledgeandprehensiveability.Entrepreneurshipeducationwhichcanfosterinnovationandentrepreneurshipisthestrategictargetofcultivatingtalentsandtrainmoreseniorpersonnel.First,trainingstudentsthroughanonlinebusinessplatformcannotonlyjobsbutalsoentrepreneurship.StudentswhohaveinnovationconsciousnesswillbetheforceofpromotingChina'seconomicdevelopment.Secondly,innovativeentrepreneurshipeducationalsocanpromotetheeducationreformanddevelopmentofcollegesanduniversities.InMay2015theStateCouncilissuedthe"OpinionsonDeepeningtheReformofHigherEducationInnovationandEntrepreneurship"inwhichitclearlyrequirestodevelopresearchmethods,frontier,pioneeringfoundation,businessguidanceandotheraspectsoftheemploymentofpulsoryandelectivecoursesforallstudents.Thesecoursesshouldtobeincludedincreditmanagement.Theconstructionofthespecializedcoursegroupoftheinnovationandentrepreneurshipeducationshouldbeprogressive,organicconnectionandscientificandreasonable.Cultivatingstudents'innovativeundertakingconsciousnessistheneedsofthedevelopmentoftimes.B.CreatingthecultureandatmosphereofpublicentrepreneurshipTheentrepreneurialinformationcouldbepublishedthroughonlineplatformssuchasentrepreneurialforumsandentrepreneurialweb.Forexample,universitiescouldpublictheinformation,assessandguideentrepreneurialactivitiessuchasentrepreneurialplanningpetitionandinnovationtrainingprojectsforundergraduatesontheseplatforms..Ontheseplatforms,peoplecouldstudyanddiscussanyentrepreneurialtopic,thustheycanmakeprogresstogether.Therefor,entrepreneurialteamscouldbeestablishedmoreeasilybypeoplewhoalreadysharetheinterests,ambitionsandtopicsontheplatforms.C.InnovatingtheonlineteachingsystemofentrepreneurialeducationThetraditional"spoon-feeding"teachingmethodsemphasizetheimportanceofteachersandtheories,neglectedpracticeandtheinitiativeofthestudentswhichentrepreneurialeducationpaysattentionto.Entrepreneurialeducationalsofocuseson"one-on-one"andsmallgroupinstruction.Thus,entrepreneurialeducationshouldbetterjointhestrengthofschoolsandsocieties,whichcanbeattainedbythetheonlineteachingsystem.Throughthetheonlineteachingsystem,entrepreneurialeducationwouldbemorepracticalandlively,whichwillstimulatethestudents'enthusiasmforlearning.V.CONCLUSIONInthepracticeofentrepreneurialeducation,itismeaningfultocreateaonlineentrepreneurialplatformbinedwithstudents'characteristicsforundergraduateswhichhelpstocultivatetheculture,abilityofentrepreneurshipoftheundergraduates.wewilltakethesimulationsoftwareandthesimulationprojectasthestartingpoint,cooperatewithrelatedtechnologypanies,andbuildtheperfectframestructureusingthemodularform.Thoughtheseentrepreneurialplatforms,excellentstudententrepreneursandenterprisescouldbebined,whichnotonlyimprovetheentrepreneurialabilityofstudentsbutalsopromotethedevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterprises.Source:JiangY.ResearchontheconstructionofcollegeStudents'onlineentrepreneurshipplatform[C]//InternationalConferenceonCultivatingUndergraduateEntrepreneurshipandManagementEngineering.2015:p45-p48..大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)創(chuàng)業(yè)平臺(tái)建立研究摘要隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)構(gòu)造轉(zhuǎn)型和群眾化教育的普及，大學(xué)生就業(yè)形勢(shì)日益嚴(yán)峻起來(lái)。創(chuàng)業(yè)是一種緩解就業(yè)壓力的理想方式，如今已經(jīng)變成了政府、社會(huì)和大學(xué)高度關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，但是，這其中依然有不少問(wèn)題亟待解決。建立網(wǎng)上創(chuàng)業(yè)平臺(tái)可以培養(yǎng)商業(yè)氣氛，加強(qiáng)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)踐鍛煉，培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)意識(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)大學(xué)生未來(lái)創(chuàng)業(yè)更好的開(kāi)展。關(guān)鍵詞：大學(xué)生，創(chuàng)業(yè)，平臺(tái)，教育一、大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的背景近年來(lái)，在中央政策指導(dǎo)下和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)環(huán)境變化的雙重作用下，創(chuàng)業(yè)已成為畢業(yè)生的重要就業(yè)選擇之一，大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)其間一直處于非?；顫姷碾A段。大學(xué)生如果能夠抓住盯住市場(chǎng)變化，跟上政策走勢(shì)，就能趁勢(shì)而起，在創(chuàng)業(yè)的道路上更加容易取得成功?！惨弧炒髮W(xué)生就業(yè)情況嚴(yán)峻大學(xué)生在完成學(xué)校的課程后，絕大多數(shù)要面臨就業(yè)的壓力。，但是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的開(kāi)展大大改變了大學(xué)生就業(yè)形勢(shì)。首先，經(jīng)過(guò)30年的快速開(kāi)展，中國(guó)的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力躍居世界前列，科技水平大大提高，企業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不斷提高，產(chǎn)業(yè)構(gòu)造不斷優(yōu)化，開(kāi)展技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，客觀(guān)上減少了大學(xué)生就業(yè)需求量。其次，經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的迅速增長(zhǎng)，意味著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)面臨產(chǎn)業(yè)構(gòu)造調(diào)整的關(guān)口，一些行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩，減少用人量。這些都給大學(xué)生就業(yè)帶來(lái)巨大的壓力。最后，大學(xué)生人數(shù)還在快速增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)中國(guó)教育在線(xiàn)發(fā)布的信息，大學(xué)教育普及導(dǎo)致大學(xué)生人數(shù)從2001年的114萬(wàn)人增加到2015年的749萬(wàn)人，大學(xué)生數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致就業(yè)壓力加大?！捕城八从械膭?chuàng)業(yè)時(shí)機(jī)新的歷史機(jī)遇給了大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的時(shí)機(jī)，各級(jí)政府大力支持，而且中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也得到了巨大的開(kāi)展。政府關(guān)注大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)，并制定一系列優(yōu)惠政策，大力協(xié)助大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)，減免征稅，資金和收費(fèi)。以為例，小型企業(yè)〔市政府[2014]36號(hào)〕支持機(jī)制和實(shí)施方案明確規(guī)定，小微企業(yè)的支持機(jī)制已列入25個(gè)關(guān)鍵改革工程。政府制定了一系列扶持小微企業(yè)的政策，降低創(chuàng)業(yè)本錢(qián)，激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力。加強(qiáng)小微企業(yè)的行業(yè)指導(dǎo)，建立五個(gè)市區(qū)試點(diǎn)鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新〔如科技，電子商務(wù)，節(jié)能環(huán)保，文化創(chuàng)意，農(nóng)業(yè)〕的微型企業(yè)和鼓勵(lì)縣工業(yè)可以申請(qǐng)不到500萬(wàn)元的初創(chuàng)資金〔以前的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼〕，經(jīng)過(guò)兩個(gè)月的登記后最多可以支付1500萬(wàn)元的商業(yè)支援貸款。目前，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)扶持最高可達(dá)24萬(wàn)元。其次，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的迅速開(kāi)展，用戶(hù)數(shù)量快速增長(zhǎng)。截至2014年6月，NIC發(fā)布的第34期"中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)開(kāi)展?fàn)顩r統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)告〞顯示，中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)規(guī)模到達(dá)6.32億，同比增長(zhǎng)1.442億，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及率為46.9％。所以網(wǎng)絡(luò)創(chuàng)業(yè)已經(jīng)成為大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的一個(gè)重要方向。二、大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀和主要問(wèn)題大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)已成為全社會(huì)的重點(diǎn)，但是，只有當(dāng)下面的主要問(wèn)題得到解決時(shí)，大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)才能真正的安康開(kāi)展?！惨弧炒髮W(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)愿望較強(qiáng)，但實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)較少創(chuàng)業(yè)是創(chuàng)業(yè)者財(cái)富積累的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的價(jià)值。例子的力量是無(wú)窮的，當(dāng)他們知道其他創(chuàng)業(yè)者可以一步一步向老板邁進(jìn)，迅速成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)企業(yè)的CEO時(shí)。他們從白手起家到財(cái)富的急劇增長(zhǎng)迅速獲得成功，甚至在短時(shí)間獲得了第一桶金時(shí)，其他創(chuàng)業(yè)者就會(huì)變得斗志昂揚(yáng)，堅(jiān)決創(chuàng)業(yè)的目標(biāo)。因而，越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生渴望創(chuàng)業(yè)。從2014年12月至2015年3月，通過(guò)面對(duì)面訪(fǎng)問(wèn)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查，對(duì)科技大學(xué)等大學(xué)畢業(yè)生進(jìn)展問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，其中有效問(wèn)卷691份，占46.16％，大學(xué)生已經(jīng)創(chuàng)業(yè)卻沒(méi)有生意。顯然對(duì)于大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，創(chuàng)業(yè)是有吸引力的。然而，由于知識(shí)和經(jīng)歷有限，對(duì)自己不了解的創(chuàng)業(yè)者，實(shí)施效果較差，成功率較低。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國(guó)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)成功率只有2％?3％，遠(yuǎn)低于國(guó)際平均創(chuàng)業(yè)成功率?！捕硺I(yè)務(wù)水平低，技術(shù)含量低通過(guò)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，無(wú)論選擇什么行業(yè)，有25%的大學(xué)生認(rèn)為創(chuàng)業(yè)只是賺錢(qián)。大多數(shù)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)選擇不合理，盲目性很大。將專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)用于街頭小販，銷(xiāo)售小商品等業(yè)務(wù)