人教版高中英語必修五Unit1第5課時(shí)GreatScientists學(xué)案1

GreatScientistsUnit1Book5一．Words：1.characteristicn.特色；特征charactern.性格，特色，角色2.paintern.畫家；油漆匠paintv.繪畫3.scientificadj.科學(xué)的sciencen.科學(xué)scientistn.科學(xué)家4.concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推測(cè)出conclusionn.結(jié)束；結(jié)論5.analysevt.剖析analysisn.剖析6.infectvt.傳染；感染infectiousadj.傳染的7.defeat[di'fi:t]vt.戰(zhàn)勝；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗beatv.跳動(dòng)，戰(zhàn)勝，敲打winv.博得8.attendv．列席，參加；照顧join,joinin,takepartin參加exposevt.裸露；揭穿；使曝光exposedadj.無遮蓋的；無保護(hù)的；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的10.deadlyadj.致命的diev.deathn.deadadj.friendlyadj.challengen．&vt.挑戰(zhàn)challengingadj.困難的；挑戰(zhàn)性的absorbv．汲??；使專心absorbedadj.專心的，聚精會(huì)神的13.severeadj.嚴(yán)重的；強(qiáng)烈的；嚴(yán)苛的seriousadj.嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的，仔細(xì)的14.pollutevt.污染；弄臟pollutedadj.受污染的pollutionn.污染15.announcevt.宣布；通知announcementn.通知；宣布makeanannouncement宣布16.instructvt.命令;指示;教育instructionn.指示;教育instructionsn.用法;說明;操作指南17.responsibleadj.有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)的responsibilityn.責(zé)任18.constructvt.建設(shè)；修筑constructionn．建設(shè)；建筑物buildv.建筑19.contributevt.&vi.捐贈(zèng)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助contributionn.捐贈(zèng)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助20.creativeadj.有創(chuàng)建力的createv.創(chuàng)建21.positiveadj.踴躍的negativeadj.悲觀的，否定的22.movementn.挪動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)movev.挪動(dòng)23.enthusiasticadj.熱忱的enthusiasmn.熱忱24.cautionn.當(dāng)心；慎重cautiousadj.當(dāng)心的；慎重的carefuladj.當(dāng)心的，仔細(xì)的25.rejectvt.拒絕；不接受；扔掉rejectionn.拒絕；扔掉refusev．拒絕denyv．婉詞拒絕26.universen.宇宙universaladj.廣泛的；宇宙的二．Phrasesputforward提出putoff推延putupwith

忍耐2.attendto

照顧,

護(hù)理

attendthemeeting

列席會(huì)議

治愈某人某種疾病acurefor治療法

(藥)4.challengesb.todosth.

向某人挑戰(zhàn)做challengesb.tosth.

就某事向某人挑戰(zhàn)5.beabsorbedin=concentrateon

聚精會(huì)神于

思疑某人做某事suspectthatblamesb.forsth.為某事責(zé)怪某人blamesth.onsb.把某事歸罪于某人linksthto把與連結(jié)起來,使有聯(lián)系connect...with...把和聯(lián)系或連結(jié)起來belinkedto...和有關(guān)9.instructsbtodosth命令某人做某事instructsbinsth在某方面教育某人bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求bestrictinsth.對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格要求leadto造成,致使,通向makesense講得通,存心義makesenseof認(rèn)識(shí)的意義,理解按次序來整理drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論ofone’sday在某人的那個(gè)時(shí)期exposeto使顯現(xiàn),裸露17.apartfrom除以外18.becautiousabout/of對(duì)當(dāng)心慎重withcaution當(dāng)心慎重19.beseverewithsb.對(duì)嚴(yán)苛bestrictwith對(duì)...嚴(yán)格的liftup舉起lookinto檢查22.bedeterminedtodosth信心/決定做某事makeinvestigations進(jìn)行檢查takein汲取,欺詐cometoanend結(jié)束punishsbforsth.因某事處罰某人attimes時(shí)而,時(shí)時(shí)28.befor/against支持/反對(duì)alinkbetweenand與間的聯(lián)系/關(guān)系pointofview看法holddiscussions進(jìn)行議論toone’ssurprise使某人感覺詫異的是believein相信,崇奉,相信34.preventsbfromdoingsth阻擋某人做某事inone’shonor/inhonorofsb.為了紀(jì)念某人三.LanguagePoints1.conclude

vt.&vi.判定，推測(cè)出；結(jié)束，停止；達(dá)成，締結(jié)

conclusion

n.結(jié)論；結(jié)束(1)concludesth.withsth.bydoingsth.

以結(jié)束(2)concludesth.(fromsth.)that...

(從

)推測(cè)出，判定(3)draw/reach/arriveat/cometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論cometotheconclusionthat...所得結(jié)論是inconclusion最后jumptoconclusions輕率地下結(jié)論增補(bǔ)句子：①Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”結(jié)束他的演講。②Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.我們將作進(jìn)一步的議論，而后再作出最后結(jié)論。Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.總之，全世界的人們都應(yīng)當(dāng)意識(shí)到水資源欠缺的真切現(xiàn)狀。(福建書面表達(dá))Janeconcludedfromthevoiceonthephonethathermotherisnotsatisfiedwithhertestscores.簡(jiǎn)依據(jù)電話中的聲音判定她母親對(duì)她的考試成績(jī)不滿意。2.defeatvt.戰(zhàn)勝；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗增補(bǔ)句子：Factsshowedthatonlywhentheyunitedcouldtheydefeatthestrongenemies.事實(shí)證明只有他們團(tuán)結(jié)起來才能擊敗強(qiáng)盛的仇敵。Asisexpected，ourbaseballteamhassufferedanotherdefeat.正如所料想的同樣，我們的棒球隊(duì)再次失敗了。[辨析]defeat，beat，windefeat，beatdefeat和beat是同義詞，其賓語為“人”或“一個(gè)集體”，常可交換。defeat重視在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上戰(zhàn)勝仇敵。

beat常用于游戲或競(jìng)賽中。winwin后接

sth.，表示在較強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲得了成功，賓語多用

game，war，prize等詞，不能是人；

win

也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“贏，獲勝”

。用defeat，beat，win

的適合形式填空Havingbeendefeatedtwicethisyear，wewon’tgiveitup.Nodifficultycoulddefeatthisbravemansinceheissoconfidentandcapable.Listen!Therainisbeatingagainstthewindow.Whodoyouthinkwillwinthebeautycontest?Icanbeat/defeatyouatswimming.attendv．列席,參加；辦理,應(yīng)付；照顧,護(hù)理attendancen.列席，參加；上學(xué)；列席attendantn.服務(wù)員，侍從，侍從，跟從；護(hù)理者(1)attendalecture/ameeting/aconference/school/class聽講座/列席會(huì)議/上學(xué)/上課(2)attendto

辦理；照顧

attendon/uponsb.

服侍/照顧某人翻譯句子：①他明日要參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。He'llattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.②每當(dāng)我出國(guó)回到企業(yè)時(shí)，我總有好多事情要辦理。IalwayshavesomanythingstoattendtowhenIcomebacktothecompanyafteratripabroad.易混辨析attend，join，takepartin，joinin這些動(dòng)詞或詞組均含“參加，加入”之意。attend重視參加或列席會(huì)議或?qū)W術(shù)活動(dòng)等。join一般用詞，指加入黨派、集體或游戲活動(dòng)等。takepartin重視參加某項(xiàng)民眾性、集體性的事業(yè)、工作或活動(dòng)，突出參加者在此中發(fā)揮必定的作用。joinin后接活動(dòng)，重申與別人一同參加某一活動(dòng)。exposevt.裸露；揭穿；使曝光；使面對(duì)Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.(教材P3)自來水企業(yè)接到指示：不得令人們?cè)偈芪鬯挠绊憽?1)expose...to...使顯現(xiàn)/裸露于(be)exposedto...裸露于；處于危險(xiǎn)中(2)exposesth.tosb.向某人告發(fā)某事(3)exposesb.tosth.使某人接觸到某物;使某人面對(duì)遭到某事增補(bǔ)句子：Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.而且鳥裸露在光芒中時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，它們夜晚就越活躍。(2015?高考川卷?閱讀)Thefactthatchildrenareexposedtotoomanyviolentonlinegamesworriesparentsnowadaysaswellasthesociety.孩子們接觸到太多的暴力網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲,這一事實(shí)使此刻的家長(zhǎng)以及社會(huì)尤為擔(dān)憂。ThemoreoneisexposedtotheEnglish-speakingenvironment，thebetterheorshewilllearnthelanguage.一個(gè)人越多接觸說英語的環(huán)境就越能學(xué)好這門外語。Itisreportedthatheexposedthetruthofthemilkpoisoningincidenttothepublic.據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)他向民眾揭穿了毒奶粉事件的實(shí)情。5.absorbvt.汲取;吸引;使專心;并入,兼并;理解,掌握absorbedadj.聚精會(huì)神的；聚精會(huì)神的Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種見解表示人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這類病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(教材P2)absorbone’sattention吸引某人的注意力beabsorbedin專心于；聚精會(huì)神于；熱中于beabsorbedby/into被兼并；為所汲取增補(bǔ)句子：①Tomwassoabsorbedinhisworkthatheforgotfoodandsleep.②Absorbedinhiswork,Tomforgottoinformherofit.(改成分詞作狀語)湯姆專心于工作，幾乎忘掉了吃飯和睡覺。Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedintobigbusinessesduetotheinfluenceoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.受全世界金融危機(jī)的影響，大部分小店已被并入大企業(yè)。Ihaven’treallyhadtimetoabsorbeverythingthathesaid.事實(shí)上我還沒有時(shí)間弄懂他所說的全部。6.blame

vt.責(zé)怪；斥責(zé)；把歸罪于

n.過錯(cuò)；責(zé)怪Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.

看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

(教材

P2)(1)blamesb.forsth.

因某事而責(zé)怪某人

blamesth.onsb.

把某事怪到某人頭上betoblame(for...)

應(yīng)擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)怪

(用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義

)(2)get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor...

對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.

把某事歸罪于某人身上增補(bǔ)句子：①Insteadofblamingeachother,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)多溝通，換位思慮而不是互相責(zé)怪。(2012?江蘇書面表達(dá))②Whilewecan’tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan’tblameourgenesformakingusfat.既然我們不可以改變我們與生俱來的體形，我們就不可以把肥胖歸罪于我們的基因。(2014重慶閱讀)Mr.Greenstoodup,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame.格林先生站起來,說他不是該受斥責(zé)的人。Thedrunkdrivershouldtaketheblameforthetrafficaccident.那醉酒司機(jī)應(yīng)當(dāng)擔(dān)當(dāng)交通事故責(zé)任。7.contribute

vt.&vi.

捐贈(zèng)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助(1)contribute...to...

把貢獻(xiàn)給；

向投稿

contributeto...

致使；有助于(2)contributionn.

貢獻(xiàn)；捐錢；稿件

makeacontributionto...

對(duì)作出貢獻(xiàn)用contribute的有關(guān)詞語達(dá)成小片段Kind-heartedpeoplefromalloverthecountry(1)contributedmoneytothepoorkids，which(2)contributedtotheirreturningtoschool.Awriterwrotethisstoryand(3)contributedittoamagazine.來自全國(guó)各地的好意人為貧困的孩子捐錢，這使他們可以重返校園。一個(gè)作家寫了這個(gè)故事，并給一家雜志投了稿。增補(bǔ)句子Ourappetitefornewproductsalsocontributestotheproblem.我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的盼望也致使了這個(gè)問題。(2015?高考安徽卷?完形填空)Finally，somegoodEnglishstudywebsitescontributealottomyimprovementinEnglish.最后，一些好的英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站也對(duì)我的英語提升起了很大作用。(2012?山東寫作).SentencePatternsNeitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不認(rèn)識(shí)對(duì)它的治療。neither...nor...“既不也不”，連結(jié)句中兩個(gè)同樣成分，連結(jié)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞按照就近一致原則。仿寫：老師和其余學(xué)生都不相信他解說的遲到的原由。Neitherteachernorotherstudentsbelievedthereasonheexplainedforbeinglate.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次迸發(fā)霍亂時(shí)就有不計(jì)其數(shù)驚慌的人病死。everytime指引時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，表示“每當(dāng)”。仿寫：每當(dāng)我聽到這首歌，它使我想起與祖母在一同的幸福光陰。EverytimeIhearthissong,itmakesmethinkofthehappydayswhenIwaswithGranny.3.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.

betoblame

受懲罰

(主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)

)仿寫：孩子們不應(yīng)為火災(zāi)事故負(fù)責(zé)。Thechildrenwerenottoblameforthefire.4.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜愛那邊的水，每日都要派人從水泵取水運(yùn)到家里來。havesth.done請(qǐng)某人來做某事/遭受,經(jīng)歷,體驗(yàn)仿寫:昨年，我們的房屋翻新過了。Lastyear,wehadthehouserebuilt.5.(1)Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexamined.一種見解是霍亂病毒在空氣中生殖著，像一股危險(xiǎn)的氣體各處飄蕩，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。suggest意為”建議”時(shí),賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用虛構(gòu).仿寫：我們建議他去處老師致歉。Wesuggestedthathe(should)makeanapologytohisteacher.(2)Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種見解是人們?cè)诔燥埖臅r(shí)候把這類病毒引入體內(nèi)的。suggest意為”以為,指出,提出,示意”時(shí),賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞則使用陳說語氣仿寫:他臉上的笑臉表示他經(jīng)過了考試。Thesmileonhisfacesuggeststhathehadpassedtheexam.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有把太陽放在中心地點(diǎn)上，天空中其余行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能講得通?！皁nly＋狀語”位于句首時(shí)后邊主句需用部分倒裝。仿寫：生活就是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，只有當(dāng)我們學(xué)見面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，我們才會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。Lifeisachallenge，onlywhenwelearntofaceitcanweachieveouraims.7.Heplacedafixsunatthecenterofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心地點(diǎn)上，而行星則環(huán)繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍舊繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。with的復(fù)合構(gòu)造(with+賓語+賓補(bǔ))例句仿寫:女孩寂靜地坐在那邊,她的眼睛向來盯著墻。Thegirlsattherequietlywithhereyesfixingonthewall.翻譯練習(xí)：1.他以一首經(jīng)典的歌曲結(jié)束了他的演講。(conclude)Heconcluded_his_speech_withaclassicsong.從他滿意的表情我們可推測(cè)出，他贊同我們的看法。Fromhissatisfiedexpression,weconcludedthatheagreedouropinion.Fromhissatisfiedexpression,wecametotheconclusionthatheagreedwithouropinion.3.我們從事實(shí)中的出不一樣的結(jié)論。Wedrewdifferentconclusionsfromthefacts.不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬于陽光下，不然你會(huì)被曬傷。Don’texposeyourskintodirectsunlight，oryou’llgetsunburnt.注意別讓你的孩子們接觸不良的書本、網(wǎng)站和雜志。Takecarenottokeepyourchildrenexposedtothebadbooks,netandmagazines.那位小女孩完整專注于王教授的新小說中ThegirlwascompletelyabsorbedinprofessorWang’snewnovel.四周很多小鄉(xiāng)村被并入了城市。Manysurroundingvillageshavebeenabsorbedbythecity.事實(shí)上，她真的該為她的懶散而遇到責(zé)怪。Asamatteroffact，sheisreallytoblameforherlaziness由于她違犯了交通規(guī)則，因此她應(yīng)當(dāng)毫無牢騷地為此擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任。Sheshouldbeartheblameforitwithoutanycomplaintbecauseshebrokethetrafficrules.他由于這舉事故遇到他們的責(zé)怪。(一句多譯)Theyblamedhimfortheaccident.Theyblamedtheaccidentonhim.Hewastoblamefortheaccident.我相信你的建議必定有助于問題的解決。I’msureyoursuggestionwillcontributetosolvingtheproblem.12.攝取太多的脂肪會(huì)致使心臟病和高血壓的發(fā)生。Eatingtoomuchfatcancontribute_toheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.他對(duì)中國(guó)的發(fā)展有很大貢獻(xiàn)