中考英語閱讀理解4類文體12篇真題考前強化練習

PAGEPAGE4閱讀理解01命題趨勢考標導向化1.命題原則(1)考查學生在閱讀中準確捕獲信息的能力。這就要求考生通過閱讀短文，運用自己所學的語法、詞組、短語等方面的語言知識，根據(jù)自己的理解，掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和情節(jié)，迅速找出題目后面的正確選項。(2)要求學生既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表層意思，也理解文章的深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等“弦外之音”。(3)要求學生既理解某句、某段的意義，也理解全篇的邏輯關系，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷。(4)要求學生既能根據(jù)材料提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合自己應有的常識去理解。2.試題特點閱讀理解題要求學生根據(jù)材料的內(nèi)容從四個(或三個)選項中選出最佳答案，主要考查學生的語篇閱讀能力、分析能力和判斷能力，是一種綜合性很強的題型。3.閱讀材料的選取特點(1)閱讀文章不少于兩篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于30分，一般是30-40分，是中考試題中的重頭戲。(2)題材廣泛，涉及科普、社會、政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、歷史、習俗、故事等各個方面。答案一般可以直接在文章中找到，有的雖不能直接在文章中找到，但文章中有它們的同義形式或通過某些暗示及關鍵信息都可推測出。(3)體裁多樣，包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應用文。近年來的中考英語閱讀理解多選用一些富有鮮明時代特征、實用性強的語言材料作為試題的素材，如報刊文章、使用說明書、招貼告示、廣告以及各類圖表等。選用這些材料不僅能提高測試的真實性，還能通過展示目標語言在現(xiàn)實生活中的真實運用來激發(fā)學生的學習動力。預計2015年中考會加大對學生閱讀理解能力的考查，閱讀材料的體裁會更加全面，包含常見的各種文體，題材會呈現(xiàn)多樣化，更加豐富多彩，貼近生活和社會話題，為學生所感興趣；在題設方面會加大對考生理解能力和推測能力的考查。02方法歸納能力提升化1.閱讀全文，捕捉信息。閱讀理解的主旨是要求考生仔細閱讀全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的觀點和寫作意圖，故事的起因、時間、地點以及結(jié)局?？忌仨氃谟邢薜臅r間內(nèi)迅速抓住文章的要點，讀懂全文。2.注意首句，抓住中心。俗話說“眼睛是心靈的窗戶”，那么一篇文章的眼睛應是題目，而中考閱讀是不給文章題目的。這給考生快速了解全文的中心增加了難度，在這種情況下，考生應特別注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及結(jié)尾句。這樣一來就抓住了中心，為正確答題打下了良好的基礎。3.優(yōu)選排除，確定答案。閱讀理解題備選答案有三個是干擾項。我們可先排除語法、詞法上明顯有錯誤的選項，再排除與短文內(nèi)容不符的選項，剩下的就是應選答案了，在這個過程中要仔細鑒別，對比各選項的區(qū)別。4.復讀全文，檢查答案?？忌鷳讯涛闹锌疾榈男畔w納一遍，再次閱讀，檢查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合邏輯推理，有錯及時糾正。03整合集訓反饋層級化▲記敘篇A(2014·十堰)FrommyfatherIhavelearnedalot.AndI’mverythankfultohim.IrememberwhenIwasachildmyfatheralwaysgotupveryearly，quietlyputtingonhisclothesandgoingofftowork.Toarriveintimetoopenhistinystoreat8:30，heneededtoleaveourapartmentat6:30.Afterall，hehadtotakeabusandthenthesubway.Thelastjourneywasalongwalkthroughaneighborhoodmuchofwhichwasfullofthesmellofrubbish.Ilearned:Itisveryimportanttowork.Noexcuse.WhenIwas12，Iwould，onsomeSaturdays，gotomyfather’sstoretohelpout.Afterhelpingsetuptheoutsideclothingdisplay，fortherestoftheday，I’dwatchtomakesurenoonestoleanything.WhenInoticedsomeonelookingunusualorstrange，Iwouldlookthepersonintheeye，smileandsay，“MayIhelpyou?”Usuallythatworked，butsometimes，someonewouldrunoffwithsomething.Thefirsttime，Iranafterthethiefbutmyfathershouted，“Martin，stop!Thereisnoneedtodothat.”It’struethatsafetyismoreimportantthanmoney.After10yearsofhardwork，hesavedupenoughmoneytobuyhisfirstcar，acheapone—hewouldn’tbuyoneuntilhecouldaffordtopayforitwithoutborrowingmoney.Ilearned:Buyonlywhatyoucanafford.Buyingnecessaryfoodandclothingwon’tmakeusgoindebt(債務).Theunnecessarythingswon’tgiveushappiness，whichcomesfromachievementonly.()1.Whatshopdidtheauthor’sfatherown?A.Abookshop.B.Acoffeeshop.C.Aclothingshop.D.Afoodshop.()2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theauthorranafterthievesmanytimes.B.Theauthorthankedhisfatheralot.C.Theauthor’sfatherworkedveryhard.D.Theauthor’sfathermadesomemoney.()3.AllthefollowingaretalkedaboutinthepassageEXCEPT________.A.theimportanceofworkingB.thegoodwaystokeephealthyC.thesafetycomesbeforemoneyD.thatit’sbadtospendmorethanyoumake()4.Accordingtotheauthor，whatusuallymakespeoplegoindebt?A.Torentahouseforthefamily.B.Tosendtheirchildrentoschool.C.Toenjoysomethingunnecessary.D.tobuyenoughfoodforthefamily.()5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtoliveahappylife.B.Whatmakesapersonsuccessful.C.Thehelptheauthorgotfromhisfather.D.Whattheauthorlearnedfromhisfather.B(2014·河南)Oncetherewasamantravelinginafarawayvillage.Ashewaspassingtheelephants，hesuddenlystopped.Hefoundthatthesehugeelephantswerebeingheldbyonlyasmallropetiedtotheirfrontleg.Nochains(鎖鏈)，nocages.Itwasclearthattheelephantscould，atanytime，breakawayfromtheirropesbutforsomereason，theydidnot.Hesawatrainernearbyandaskedwhytheseanimalsjuststoodthereanddidn’ttrytogetaway.“Well，”thetrainersaid，“whentheyareveryyoungandmuchsmallerweusethesamesizeropetotiethemand，atthatage，it’senoughtoholdthem.Astheygrowup，theystillbelievetheycannotbreakaway.Theybelievetheropecanholdthem，sotheynevertrytobreakfree.”Howcoulditbe?Theseanimalscouldatanytimebreakfreefromtheirropes.Butbecausetheywerealwaysstuckrightwheretheywere，theybelievedtheycouldn’t.Justliketheelephants，howmanyofusgothroughlifebelievingthatwecannotdosomething，justbecausewefailedatitoncebefore?_______.Weshouldnevergiveupthestruggleinlife.()1.Whatdidthewriterseeinthevillage?A.Chains.B.Elephants.C.Cages.D.Farmers.()2.Whydotheelephantsnevertrytobreakfreefromtheropes?A.Becausetheythinktheycannot.B.Becausetheyaretoooldtodoit.C.Becausetheyliketheirlivingplaces.D.Becausetheygetonwellwiththetrainer.()3.Howdidthemanfeelafterheheardwhatthetrainersaid?A.Moved.B.Surprised.C.Angry.D.Nervous.()4.Whichofthefollowingisthemissingpartinthelastparagraph?A.Failingispartoflearning.B.Weshouldbedifferentfromothers.C.Helpinganimalsishelpingourselves.D.Travelingalwaysmakespeoplerelaxed.()5.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A.APleasantTrip.B.ACruelTrainer.C.ElephantTraining.D.TheElephantRope.C(2014·東營)Pennywasafive-year-oldgirl.Onedaywhensheandhermotherwereinadepartmentstore，Pennysawaplasticpearlnecklace(珍珠項鏈).Whatabeautifulnecklace!Shewanteditverymuch，soshebegged(乞求)hermothertobuyitforher.Themothersaid，“Well，Icanbuyyouthenecklace，butwhenwegethome，weshoulddiscusswhatyoucandotopayforit.Canwedothat?”Pennyagreedwithmuchhappiness，andshegotthenecklace.HowmuchPennylovedthenecklace!Sheworeiteverywhereandeveryminute.Pennyalsodidpart-timejobstomakepocketmoney.Sheworkedveryhard.Soonshesucceededinpayingoffthepriceforthenecklace.Penny’sdaddyknewhowshetriedherbesttogetthenecklace.HealsoknewhowmuchPennycaredaboutit.Onenight，heaskedPennyifsheloved()5.Thepassageiswrittento________.A.showyouhowcomputerworksB.introduceaFrenchDigitalKitchenC.teachyouhowtocookFrenchfoodD.tellyoutheimportanceoflanguagelearningC(2014·寧波)ThesmallMiddleEasternnationofQatar(卡塔爾)hasasoccerteam，butithasneverplayedinsoccer’sgreatesttournament，theWorldCup.However，somethingamazingwillhappenin2022andatthattimeQatarwillbecomethefirstnationintheMiddleEasttohostthemen’sSoccerWorldCupgames.Somefanswereconfusedaboutthischoice.Wherewilltheathletescompete?Qatardoesn’thaveanystadiums(體育場)builtyet.Also，theweatherinQatargetsextremelyhotinsummer.However，Qatarhasplanstofixthoseproblems.Thecountryhasannouncedplanstobuildenoughstadiumsforthetournament.Tokeepeveryonecool，eachstadiumwillhavesolar-powered(太陽能)air-conditioning.Qatarisalsobuildinganewairportandtrainsystem.Becausethestadiumswillbesoclosetogetherandconnectedbytrains，fanswillbeabletowatchtwogamesinoneday.Qatarhasbigplansforitsnewstadiums.GameofficialssaythataftertheWorldCup，theywilltakethestadiumsdown.Thestadiumswillbetakenapartandsenttocountriesthatdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuildstadiums.QatarisveryhappytobethefirstMiddleEasternnationtohostthetournament.Thecountry’sEmir(穆斯林國家統(tǒng)治者)saidtotheWorldCuporganization，“Thankyouforbelievinginchange...ThankyouforgivingQatarachance.”()1.WhyisitsoamazingthatQatarwillhosttheWorldCup?A.BecauseQatarB.BecauseQatarhasveryfewsoccerfans.C.BecausesoccerisnotplayedintheMiddleEast.D.BecauseQatarhasneverplayedintheWorldCup.()2.WhatisoneproblemthatQatarwillhavetoface?A.Theirteamisnotgoodenoughtocompete.B.Itisvery，veryhotinQatarinsummer.C.Qatar’sstadiumsareveryfarapart.D.ThereisalotofpollutioninQatar.()3.HowdidsomesoccerfansfeelaboutthedecisionofhostingtheWorldCupin2022?A.Theythoughtitwasstrange.B.Theydidnotcare.C.Theywereverydisappointed.D.Theywereverysad.()4.WhatwillhappentothestadiumsaftertheWorldCupinQatar?A.TheywillbeusedbytheQatarsoccerteam.B.Theywillbeusedtohostmusicalconcerts.C.Theywillbegiventoothercountries.D.Theywillbesoldtofansassouvenirs.()5.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthearticle?A.ThetournamentwasmovedfromJapantoQatar.B.Qatarisarichcountry.C.Therulesofsoccerwillbechangedin2022.D.SocceristhemostpopularsportinQatar.▲議論篇A(2014·德州)Ifyouwanttoseeathingwell，touchingcanhelpyouto“see”itbetter.Youreyescantellyouthataglassballisround.Butbyholdingitinyourhands，youcanfeelhowsmoothandcooltheballis.Youcanfeelhowheavytheglassballis.Whenyoulearnalltheseabouttheball，youreallyseeitwell.Withyourskin，youcanfeelbetter.Forexample，yourfingerscantellthedifferencebetweentwodifferentcoinsinyourpocket.Youcanfeelalittledropofwateronthebackofyourhand，too.Youcanevenfeelsoundsagainstyourskin.Haveyoueverwantedtoknowwhysomepeoplelikeveryloudmusic?Theymustliketofeelthesoundsofmusic.Allchildrensoonlearnwhat“Don’ttouch!”means.Theyhearitoften.Yetmostofuskeepontouchingthingsaswegrowup.Inshops，wetouchthingsthatwemightbuy.Toseesomethingwell，wehavetotouchit.Thebottomsofourfeetcanfeelthings，too.Youknowthiswhenyouwalkonwarmsand，coolgrassorahardfloor.Allfeeldifferentunderyourfeet.Mostmuseumsarejustforlooking.Buttodaysomemuseumshavesomethingstotouch.Theirsignssay，“Dotouch!”Thereyoucanfeeleverythingonshow.Therearewaysoflearningtoseewellbyfeeling.Onewayistocloseyoureyesandtrytofeeleverythingthatistouchingyourskin.Feeltheshoesonyourfeet，theclothesonyourbody，theaironyourskin.Ifyouwanttoseebetter，reachoutandtouchit.Thenyouwillreallysee!()1.Theunderlinedword“these”inParagraph2refersto(指代)_________.A.aglassballisroundB.aglassballissmoothandcoolC.aglassballissmooth，coolandheavyD.aglassballisround，smooth，coolandheavy()2.FromParagraph(段落)4and5，wecanknowthat______.A.wehavetotouchsomethinginordertoseeitwellB.wenevertouchthingsthatwemightbuyinshopsC.thebottomsofourfeetcan’tfeelcoolgrassD.wecansee“Dotouch!”inallmuseums()3.Bytouchingthings，youcan_______.A.haveastrangefeelingB.knowhowtoreachoutyourhandC.learnmoreaboutthemD.tellwhatcolorstheyreallyare()4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Touchingishelpingustoseebetter.B.Ourskinmayhelpusenjoymusic.C.Peopledon’thavetolearntofeel.D.Mostpeopletouchthingstoseethemwell.()5.________canbethebesttitleofthepassage.A.FeelingbySeeingB.ToSeeortoFeelC.WaysofTouchingD.ToSeeBetter-TouchB(2014·宜賓)Momstakecareoftheirchildrenanddadsbringhomefoodandmakefamilyrules.Thesearetherolesmomsanddadsfallintowhentheybecomeparentsandit’scommonamongallcultures.Buttimeschangeandparents’rolesseemtobechanging，too.Morewomenarebringinghomefoodbyhavingfull-timejobsandmenaretakingcareofchildrenathome.TheChineseTVshowWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?providesacloserlookatthechangingrolesofdadsinmodernfamilylife.Theshowfollowstheadventures(冒險經(jīng)歷)offivecelebrity(明星)dadswhotaketripswiththeiryoungchildren(aged4to6)andtrytocompleteasetoftasks.Itshowshowyoungdadsaretryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloserrelationshipwiththem.Youngdadsnolongerwanttobecold.Psychologists(心理學家)saythatastrongfatherlyinfluenceisimportantinachild’sdevelopment.Fathersteachtheirchildrenskillsandencouragethemtotrynewthings.Theyalsogivethemasenseofsafety.Achildlearnsthatifsomethinggoeswrong，heorshecandependondadtohelpfixit.Thepsychologistsalsosaythatwithoutadad，achildismorepossibletodropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.Amother’sloveisimportant，andsoisafather’slove.ChenMo，apsychologyprofessorsays，“Ittakesbothparentstoraiseachild.Childrenhavedifferentneedsatdifferentagesandthisneedstobeconsideredbybothparents.”()1.Whatarethecommonrulesofmomsanddadsinallcultures?A.Momstakecareoftheirchildrenanddadsbringhomefoodandmakefamilyrules.B.Momsbringhomefoodbyhavingfull-timejobsanddadstakecareoftheirchildrenathome.C.Bothparentstakecareoftheirchildrenathome.D.Bothparentsgoouttowork，whiletheirgrandparentstakecareoftheirchildrenathome.()2.Whataretheyoungdadstryingtodointheshow?A.Theyaretryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloserrelationshipwiththem.B.Theyaretryingtocompleteasetoftaskswiththeirkids.Theyarealsotryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloserrelationshipwiththem.C.Theyaretryingtomakemoremoney.D.Theyaretryingtobecoldtotheirchildren.()3.Whyisastrongfatherlyinfluenceimportantinachild’sdevelopment?A.Fathersteachtheirchildrenskillsandencouragethemtotrynewthings.Theyalsogivethemasenseofsafety.B.Ifsomethinggoeswrong，achildcandependondadtohelpfixit.C.Withadad，achildcandobetterinschoolwork.D.Withoutadad，achildismorepossibletodropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.()4.Whatismorepossibletodowithoutadad?A.Stayoutlate.B.Getintotroubleanddobadlyinschoolwork.C.Dropoutofschool.D.Dropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.()5.Whydoesittakebothparentstoraiseachild?A.Achildfeelssaferwithbothparents.B.Achildfeelshappierwithbothparents.C.Bothparentsneedtoconsiderthatchildrenhavedifferentneedsatdifferentages.D.Itisboththefather’sandmother’sdutytoraiseachild.C(2014·萊蕪)Recently，theTVshowWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?hasbecomeoneofChina’smostpopularTVshows，attractingmorethan600millionviewerseachweek.Inthisprogram，fivecelebrityfatherstraveledtosixcountrysidelocationsacrossChina.includingsomevillagesinBeijing，Yunnan，Shandong，Hunan，HeilongjiangandadesertinNingxia.Theytookcareoftheirkidswithoutthehelpofthechildren’smothers.Atthesametime，theyalsotookpartindifferentkindsofactivitieswiththeirkidstogether，suchascooking，fishingandsellinggroceries.Whyistheshowsopopular?“Itreflects(折射)socialreality.Inbigcities，fathersarealwaysbusyearningmoneyandmakingachievementsintheircareer.Theydon’tsparemoretimefortheirkids.”saidXieDikui，generaldirectoroftheshow.Asthefatherofa3-year-olddaughter，Xiesaidthathefoundhisownheartbeingtouchedashemadeit.“Althoughthesefathersarebusy，theyareabletosparetimefortheirkids.Wecandobetterthanthem.”ThisalsohappensinsomeruralareasinChina.Moreandmoremenfromruralareasarenowworkinginbigcities，leavingtheirkidsathomeunderthegrandparents’care.“Ihaveasonandadaughterinmyhometown.”saidXuCanyong，a33-year-oldmanworkinginShantou，GuangdongProvince.“Theycometolivewithmeonlyduringsummerandwintervacations.Imissthemverymuch.IwanttohavethemlivewithusinShantou，butthecostoflivinghereistoohigh.”saidXu.()1.Fivecelebrityfathershaveevertraveledto______withtheirkids.A.Beijing，HunanandHeilongjiangB.Hunan，HeilongjiangandTibetC.Yunnan，NingxiaandHongKongD.Yunnan，ShandongandGansu()2.TheTVshowWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?ispopularmainlybecause________.A.thefivefathersareallfamousstarsB.therearemanybeautifulsightsinitC.XieDikuiisapopulardirectorinChinaD.itreflectstheproblemsaboutfamilyeducation()3.Theunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4refersto______.A.theTVshowWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?B.thefactthatfathershavelesstimewiththeirkidsC.thetripoffivecelebrityfatherswiththeirkidsD.therelationshipbetweenXieDikuiandhisdaughter()4.XuCanyongcan’tlivewithhistwokidsinShantoubecause______.A.hecan’taffordtolivetheretogetherB.hehasnotimetolookafterhiskidsC.ShantouistoofarfromhishometownD.hiskidsareusedtolivingwiththeirgrandparents()5.Fromthispassage，wemayinfer(推斷)_______.A.fatherswillraisethekidsinsteadofmothersB.thefivecelebrityfatherswillgiveuptheirownjobsC.insomeruralareas，moreandmorekidslivewiththeirgrandparentsD.Mr.Xuoftengoesbacktohishometownduringsummerandwintervacations▲應用篇A(2014·濱州)Trip1OneWeekInTheMountainsBringyourstrongshoesandwarmclothesforthiswalkinabeautifulareaoftheGreenMountains.Youmaygohikingorhaveatryofrockclimbing.Thisisalsoaprotectionareaforwildanimals.Youcanfindmanykindsofanimalsinthisarea.Time:July8-July14Tel:84639818Adult:$110Child:$55Trip2ThreeDaysInTheCountryTherearemanybeautifulgardens.TakeyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulsightsinHunterValley.Itisagoodplaceforfishingandhorseriding.Youcanalsofinddifferentkindsofflowershere.Thisisalsoagreatwalkforbird-lovers.Time:July20-July22Tel:83986432Adult:$50Child:$25Trip3Flashlight(手電筒)Adventure(冒險)Putonyourwarmclothes，bringaflashlightandcomeforanightwalkalongtheDungogValley.Itisatripfullofadventure.Aguidewillleadthetour.Manyoftheplantsonthistripcanonlybeseenatnight.Time:July16-July18Tel:83875629Adult:$30NotforchildrenTrip4FiveDaysByTheSeaWearyoursunhatandenjoywonderfulsunshineallthetimefrommorningtoevening.Ourhotelisnexttothesea.Wehaveourownboats，too.Youcanswimintheseaorintheswimmingpool.Everydayourboatwilltakeyoutodifferentplacesforswimming.Time:July13-July17Tel:87549679Adult:$80Child:$40()1.Whatnumbercanyoucallifyouwanttoenjoythesunshineattheseaside?A.87549679.B.83875629.C.84639818.D.83986432.()2.SamstayedinHunterValleywithhiswife，hisfive-year-olddaughter.Howmuchdiditcost?A.$25.B.$50.C.$100.D.$125.()3.Davidlovessports.HewilltakehisholidayfromJuly7toJuly15.Whatactivitywillheprobablytakepartin?A.Hikinginthemountains.B.Watchingplantsatnight.C.Fishinginthecountry.D.Swimminginthesea.()4.Lucywantstoknowsomethingaboutthelifeofplantsatnight.Whichtripwillshechoose?A.Trip1.B.Trip2.C.Trip3.D.Trip4.()5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaccordingtothefouradvertisements?A.B.C.D.B(2014·成都)DearLiFei，Howareyou?IwillhaveashortholidaynextweekandhavedecidedtovisitShanghaiforasecondtime.IhavebookedaroominthePeaceHotel.IhearitisontheBund(外灘)andhasagoodviewofthefamousHuangpuRiver.IwillarriveonthenightofMarch27andleaveearlyonMarch29.Iwouldliketovisitsomeofthemostfamousplaces，suchasNanjingRoadandYuGardeninChenghuangmiao.Canyougivemesomesuggestionsfo