2018年北京中考英語(yǔ)試卷

2018年北京市高級(jí)中等學(xué)校招生考試英語(yǔ)試卷知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共14分）一、單項(xiàng)填空（共6分，每小題0．5分）從下面各題所給的A、B、CD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MybrotherandIlikefootball. playittogetheronceaweek.I B.They C.We D.YouHappybirthday,Peter!Here'sagift you.A.forB.inC.withD.from-- doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?--Bybike.A.WhenB.HowC.WhereD.WhyManypeoplelikepandas theyarecute.A.thoughB.ifC.whileD.becauseI gonow,orI'llmissmytrain.A.canB.mightC.mustD.couldTonyis___ofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.youngB.youngerC.youngestD.theyoungestBilllikesreading.He picturebookswithhisdadeveryevening.A.readB.readsC.isreadingD.hasread-Paul,whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?-I amovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A.waswatchingB.watchC.havewatchedD.willwatchDavidisatennisplayer.He toplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.A.beginsB.willbeginC.beganD.hasbegun--Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?--Yes,heis.He historyfornearly20years.A.teachesB.hastaughtC.isteachingD.willteachAnewinternationalairport inthecitynextpletesB.iscompletedC.willcompleteD.willbecompleted一Alice,couldyoutellme___London? Sure.LastSundayA.whenMr.SmithleftB.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.SmithleaveD.whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空（共8分，每小題1分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。RealSolutions（解決方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.Themanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblems.Oneday,theteamwascalledfora__13__inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious__14__.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fullofflatballoons.Themanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective（各自的） balloons__15__sothattheballoonswouldn'tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas__16__.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure（壓力）.Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere__17__outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere__18__andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon.Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto__19__therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel.Theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittothepersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoons__20__thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.13.A.gameB.showC.concertD.party14.A.purposesB.suggestionsC.thoughtsD.plans15.A.quietlyB.carefullyC.secretlyD.clearly16.A.honestB.readyC.patientD.successful17.A.checkedB.helpedC.ruledD.cheated18.A.collectedB.weighedC.tiedD.cleaned19.A.markB.hideC.numberD.find20.A.freedB.reachedC.liftedD.hit閱讀理解（共36分）三、閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。（共26分，每小題2分）ARoger:Hi,there!Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan,mycousin,cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift.Wehadaparty.Weplayedgames,sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?Jessica:Yes,Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,wewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere!Thenwevisitedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.Sara:Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference（會(huì)議）oncharity（慈善）lastWednesday.Iwassoexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.Martin:Itwasadifferentweekthanusual.LastThursday,myschoolband（樂(lè)隊(duì)）wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFriday,wewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromallovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?LastWednesday.B.LastThursday.C.LastFriday.D.LastSaturdayWhowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?Alan B.Jessica C.Sara D.RichardMartinwenttoAtlantato .speakataconference B.organizeapartyC.performinacompetition D.visitauniversityBABeautifulMomentWhenIwasinhighschool,Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamarket.Oneday,asIwaspreparingthefruits,alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold,andthegirl,fiveorsix.Theywerelookingatthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench),"They'regood!"IknewitwasFrench,becauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowthemomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem,butthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andsheoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,IwassureshewasblindBothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruits,asthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn 'ttellthemomhowbeautifulhewereintheirlanguage.ThisiswhatIregrettothisday.Thewomanandherkidscametothemarkettobuy___.fruits B.vegetables C.candies D.toysAccordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn 't___.A.speak B.see C.smell D.hearThewriterwasmovedbecause___.A.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblemsthekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherthemotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsthekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmotherCSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated（關(guān)聯(lián)）withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction （認(rèn)知功能）.ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarceIonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure（ 接觸）togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded-usingtheinformationonthechildren'saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging（MRI）.Workingmemoryandinattentiveness（注意力不集中） weregradedwithcomputers."ThisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenIong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure,”saysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy."Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain. ”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolswithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinflueneebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand'sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspaceoncognitivedevelopment.Italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout .A.howthestudywasperformed B.whatwasrecordedinthestudyC.howlongthestudylasted D.whotookpartinthestudyTheword"prompt"inParagraph6probablymeans .A.control B.encourage C.balance D.changeWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.WorkingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrainDr.DadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironmentStudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutofSpainLivingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there'salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedonTheonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore（忽視）it.Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso,butbecausewerealizeit'sforourowngood.Happypeopledon'jtustacceptchange,theyembrace（擁抱）it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn'thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody'fasvoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwerebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthat .A.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepainweareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeetlifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongwaylifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddownsWhatisthekeytosolvingJane'sproblem?A.Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat .A.theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselvespeoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothatwelcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetterenjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimplerWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Isitimportanttotakethingslight?Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。（共10分，每小題2分）Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor"fail".Theword"fail"happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefactofthematteristhatanylettercanmean"not-passing"or"fail".SomeschoolshaveUgradefor"unsatisfactory",orIgradefor “incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897.theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:A:95-100%(excellent) B:85-94%(good) C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed) E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據(jù))toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor"excellent.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolarger