2017年高二英語人教版選修8教案：Unit1AlandofdiversityPeriod3 Word版含解析

Period3Grammar—ReviseNounClauses（astheSubject，ObjectandPredicative）整體設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammaritem：nounclauses.Nounclausesarethedependentclausesthatserveasnounsinparticularsentences.Inthisunit，wemainlydealwithnounclausesasthesubject，objectandpredicative.三維目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)Knowledgeandskills1．Togetthestudentstoknowthedifferenttypesofnounclauses.2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesofthenounclauses.3．Toenablethestudentstousethenounclausescorrectlyandproperly.Processandmethods1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentencesincludingthenounclausesfromthereadingpassage，makeoutwhatkindofnounclausestheyareandtranslatethemintoChinese.2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesofnounclausesbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinRevisingusefulstructuresonPage5forstudentstomasternounclauses.4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizethestructureandusagesofnounclauses.5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage49andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.Emotion，attitudeandvalue1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.2．Todevelopthestudents'abilityofcomparingandsummarizing.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)1．Thechoiceofconjunctions.2．Thewordorderinnounclauses.教學(xué)過程Step1Revision1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：（1）要滿足每一個(gè)人絕非易事。_____________________________________________（2）多數(shù)亞洲人以大米為食。_______________________________________________Suggestedanswers：（1）Itisbynomeanseasytosatisfyeveryone.（2）MostoftheAsiansliveonrice.Step2WarmingupAskthestudentstounderlinethenounclausesinthefollowingsentences.Thentellwhattypesofnounclausestheyare.1．Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2．Thatiswhatheworriedabout.3．Ithinkthatwomencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.Suggestedanswers：1．Whether_it_is_true（nounclauseasthesubject）2．what_he_worried_about（nounclauseasthepredicative）3．that_women_can_reach_very_high_achievements_in_many_fields_of_science（nounclauseastheobject）Step3GrammarlearningⅠ．Analysisandexplainthenounclausesasthesubject，objectandpredicative.1．賓語從句（Nounclausesastheobject）賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作句子的賓語，可以作動詞的賓語，也可作介詞和形容詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有連詞that，if，whether；連接代詞who，what，which，whose；連接副詞when，where，how，why等。（1）作動詞的賓語Jimsuggested（that）wegotoHuangshanduringthesummer.Idon'tknowwhatshehasboughtforherfatheronhisbirthday.（2）作介詞的賓語Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwellwecooperate.Iwascuriousaboutwhatwewoulddonext.（3）作形容詞的賓語I'mafraidthatI'vemadeamistake.Wearenotsurewhether/ifwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.2．表語從句（Nounclausesasthepredicative）表語從句在復(fù)合句中作句子的表語，放在連系動詞后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。常接表語從句的系動詞有be，look，remain，seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有連詞that，whether；連接代詞who，what，which；連接副詞when，where，how，why等。另外，還有常用的“thereason...that（不用because）”和“it（this，that）isbecause...”結(jié)構(gòu)等。如：Itseemsthatitisgoingtosnow.HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.3．主語從句（Nounclausesasthesubject）在句子中充當(dāng)主語的從句叫做主語從句，由that，what，whether，which，when，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)。如：Thatknowledgeispowerisafamoussayingknowntoall.ItisdisappointingthatTomcan'tcome.Whowillspeakatthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.Whichteamhaswonthecompetitionisstillunknown.Ⅱ．Askthestudentstopaymoreattentiontothefollowing：1．名詞性從句語序要用陳述句語序。2．幾組重要連詞的區(qū)別：if/whether；that/what；what/whatever；who/whoever；etc.3．It作形式主語或形式賓語代替主語從句或賓語從句。4．根據(jù)具體情景選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。Step4SummingupTrytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions：1．Inobjectclauses“that”isoptionalandcanbeomitted.Butinpredicativeandsubjectclauses“that”isnecessaryandcannotbeomitted.2．Youshouldpayattentiontothewordorderinthenounclause.Normalwordorderisusedinit.3．Inordertokeepthesentencebalanced，weoftenuse“it”astheformalsubject，whichreplacestherealsubject.4．Thesubordinateconjunction“whether”canintroduceallthenounclauses，whilethesubordinateconjunction“if”canonlyintroduceanobjectclauseusedastheobjectofaverb.Step5Grammarpractice1．Choosethesuitableconjunctions.（1）______（whether/if）themeetingwillbeheldisstillaproblem.（2）Ithasnotbeendecidedyet______（who/whom）willbesentthere.（3）We'llcallthebaby______（whatever/nomatterwhat）nameyoulike.（4）Thisis______（what/where）ourproblemlies.（5）Marywroteanarticleon______（what/that）theteamthoughtwasthereasonfortheirlosingthegame.（6）After______（what/which）seemedhoursofwaiting，finallyitwasourturntodoit.（7）Hedidn'tworkhard，andthat's______（why/because）hefailedintheexam.（8）It'samazing______（asif/how）they'vemanagedtogeteverythingfinishedsoquickly.Suggestedanswers：（1）Whether（2）who（3）whatever（4）where（5）what（6）what（7）why（8）how2．DoExercise4inRevisingusefulstructuresonPage5.3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage49.Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.Step6LearningmoreaboutthegrammarAskstudentstogobacktoPages1-3andreadthroughthereadingpassageCaliforniatopickoutthesentenceswithnounclausesandthentranslatethemintoChinese.Suggestedanswers：1．Exactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhat_we_now_know_as_California，noonereallyknows.最早一批移民具體是什么時(shí)候到達(dá)我們今天稱之為加利福尼亞的地方的，誰也說不清楚。2．ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這些遷居者通過一條史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。3．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們相信，過不了多久國籍相混的程度將會非常之大，以至于不再有主要的種族或文化群體，而僅僅是一個(gè)多種族和文化的混合體。Step7Playingagame1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.2．Letstudentsplaythegame“IthinkIcan...”．Askthestudentstotaketurnstothinkaboutwhattheycandotowinthechampionship.Maketheirownsentencesasinterestingandimaginativeastheycan.Writedownthesixbestonesandsharethemwiththeclass.Step8Exercises1．Translatethefollowingsentences，payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedparts.（1）What_he_told_mewasonlyhalf-truth.（2）Whatever_is_worth_doingshouldbedonewell.（3）Whether_he_comes_or_notmakesnodifference.（4）When_we_can_begin_the_expeditionisstillaquestion.（5）How_he_is_going_to_do_itisamystery.（6）Itdoesn'tmakemuchdifferencewhether_he_attends_the_meeting_or_not.（7）Itseemedinconceivable_that_the_pilot_could_have_survived_the_crash.（8）It_is_strangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.（9）Itseemsthat_it_is_going_to_snow.（10）Thequestionremainswhether_we_can_win_the_majority_of_the_people.Suggestedanswers：（1）他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而已。（2）任何值得做的事情都應(yīng)該做好。（3）他來不來都沒有關(guān)系。（4）我們何時(shí)才能開始這次考察仍然懸而未決。（5）他準(zhǔn)備怎么做這個(gè)事情是個(gè)謎。（6）他參不參加會議沒有多大關(guān)系。（it沒有翻譯）（7）駕駛員在飛機(jī)墜毀之后竟然還能活著，這簡直不可思議。（it翻譯為“這”）（8）真奇怪，她竟然沒有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。（it不用翻譯，還可以用“奇怪的是……”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯）（9）看起來要下雪了。（10）問題仍然是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)人民群眾的支持。2．Fillintheblankswithproperconjunctions.Itseems（1）______theBritishjustcan'tlivewithoutsportsofsomekind.AfamousFrenchhumoristoncesaid（2）______thisis（3）______theEnglisharefondofdoing（4）______childrendointheirdailylives，anditlooks（5）______menshallalwaysremainboysandwomengirls!Thefact（6）______you'llseebothchildrenandgrown-upsknockingaballisreallyamazing！Takingallamateurandprofessionalsportsintoconsideration，therecanbenodoubt（7）______footballisatthetopofthelist.Doyouknow（8）______thefootballoriginated？It'ssaid（9）______itdatesfromthebeginningofthe19thcentury.Whenasked（10）______theyenjoythesportsornot，theanswerisabsolutely“yes”．Indeed，（11）______theyneedmostisjustpleasureandagoodmoodgainedfromthegame.That's（12）______footballissopopularinthiscountry.Suggestedanswers：（1）that（2）that（3）because（4）what（5）asif（6）that（7）that（8）when（9）that（10）whether（11）what（12）whyStep9ClosingdownbyaquizShowstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.1．Yourskirtisreallysplendid，but______weactuallyneedisnotaskirtbutanewpairofshoes.A．thatB．whatC．whetherD．how2．______madememoresurprisedwas______thepickpocketaskedmyfriendtolendhimsomemoneyandheagreed.A．What；thatB．That；thatC．What；whetherD．It；that3．Whatdoyouthinkofthissuggestionthatwe______lunchatthenewrestaurant?A．willhaveB．a(chǎn)regoingtohaveC．wouldhaveD．have4．Idon'tknowthereason______youwereabsentfromthemeeting，butI'msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason______youhaven'ttoldme.A．why；thatB．that；whyC．because；whichD．ofwhich；that5．______madehismothersurprisedwas______TomSmithshouldhavebeenfooledbysuchasimpletrick.A．What；thatB．What；becauseC．That；whatD．That；because6．AccordingtoBillGates，theidea______wecanplayvideogamesandreceivee-mailswithoutsittingatakeyboardwillcometrue.However，itisunclear______itwillbeonsaleand______itwillcost.A．which；that；whatB．/；whether；howmuchC．that；when；whatD．that；that；howmuch7．Thedoctorsaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepeople'sfear______theywouldbeinfectedbytheseriousdisease.A．whetherB．whichC．whenD．that8．Wordhascome______insomewesterncountriesdemandforgraduatesfromMBAcourseshasfallendown.A．thatB．whileC．whenD．a(chǎn)s9．ThoughFrancescongratulatesherselfonhersuccess，shesometimeswonders______willhappentoherprivatelife.A．itB．whatC．whichD．that10．IthinkMotherwouldliketoknow______I'vebeenuptosofar，soIdecidetosendheraquicknote.A．whichB．whyC．whatD．how11．Weshouldbeawareofthefact______richcountriesarebecomingricherwhilepoorcountriesarebecomingpoorer.A．whichB．whatC．thatD．where12．Theyareteachersanddon'trealize______tostartandrunacompany.A．whatittakesB．whattakesitC．whattheytakeD．whattakesthem13．Ihaven'tsettledthequestion______I'llgobackhome.A．a(chǎn)sB．whatC．whetherD．if14．Onsteppingintohisroomhewasastonishedtofindthefloorcoveredwith______lookedliketinyinsects.A．thatB．somethingC．whatD．a(chǎn)nything15．Inordertoencouragethestudentstostudyhard，theschooldecidestogivethescholarshipto______winsthefirstintheexam.A．whoB．whomC．whomeverD．whoever16．______Tomwasworriedaboutseemedobvioustoeveryonepresentatthemeeting.A．WhatB．WhichC．ThatD．How17．—Itremainstobeseen______theplancanbeputintopractice.—Itdependsonyourdetermination.A．whetherB．whereC．howD．that18．Manyexpertsholdtheview______teacherdevelopmentis______thekeytobettereducationlies.A．which；whereB．which；inwhichC．that；whereD．that；inwhich19．After______seemedanendlesswait，itwashisturntohavethejobinterview.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．who20．Therewasasuddenflash，followedby______soundedlikefireworks.A．whatB．somethingC．itD．whichSuggestedanswers：1-5BADAA6-10CDABC11-15CACCD16-20AACCAStep10Homework1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.2．Previewlisteningandspeaking.Step11Reflectionafterteaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教學(xué)參考名詞性從句考點(diǎn)透視在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞或名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語（含介詞賓語）、表語、同位語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句用法要點(diǎn)多，牽涉面廣，與其他句式結(jié)合性強(qiáng)，是中學(xué)英語語法中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是高考的?？键c(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)一：從句引導(dǎo)詞的正確選用這是近幾年高考試題中關(guān)于名詞性從句考查的重中之重。解決這一問題可以依據(jù)從句中“缺什么成分補(bǔ)什么成分”的原則確定是選用從屬連詞、連接代詞還是連接副詞，然后再根據(jù)意思選用具體的連接詞。名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞很多，歸納起來可分為以下三類：功能例詞從屬連詞只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句中的任何成分that，whether，if連接代詞既起連接作用，本身又作從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語who，whom，whose，which，what以及wh-＋ever連接副詞既起連接作用，本身又作從句的狀語when，where，how，why以及wh-＋ever如果名詞性從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，則選用連接代詞。如果名詞性從句中缺少狀語，則選用連接副詞。如果名詞性從句中不缺成分，僅僅陳述事實(shí)，則用that引導(dǎo)。例如：Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview，pleaserememberthegoldenrule：Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly______hewants.在你面試回答問題時(shí)，請記住這條黃金法則：永遠(yuǎn)給予他人他確實(shí)想要的東西。分析：give后接雙賓語，賓語從句中wants后面缺少賓語，故填what。Webelieved______hehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.我們相信他已經(jīng)掙了足夠多的錢來建造房屋。分析：賓語從句中不缺少成分，且陳述一件事實(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。______willwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。分析：分析題干可知這是一個(gè)含有主語從句的復(fù)合句，主語從句中缺少主語，且指人，用who引導(dǎo)。Ihavenoidea______helearnedaboutit.我不知道他是怎么知道的。分析：同位語從句中不缺少主語和賓語，根據(jù)意思，句中缺少表示方式的狀語，應(yīng)填連接副詞how。【考例】①（2010北京高考）PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel，DavidCopperfield，was______itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A．whatB．thatC．whyD．whether【解析】B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，was后面是一個(gè)表語從句，從句中不缺少成分，而是陳述事實(shí)，故用that引導(dǎo)。②（2009江蘇高考）ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave______couldbelife'smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.A．a(chǎn)sB．thatC．whichD．what【解析】Dleave后接賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，故選用what引導(dǎo)。③（2010四川高考）Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon______hegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.A．whatB．whoC．howD．why【解析】B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。謂語動詞dependon后面跟了一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，who指人，在從句中作介詞with的賓語。④（2010重慶高考）Toimprovethequalityofourproducts，weaskedforsuggestions______hadusedtheproducts.A．whoeverB．whoC．whicheverD．which【解析】A分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。asksb.forsuggestions意為“向某人征求建議”，但在該句中的sb.為whoever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，句中既缺少引導(dǎo)詞同時(shí)又缺少主語，應(yīng)選用whoever，相當(dāng)于anybodywho。who具有疑問意義，與句意不符。⑤（2010湖南高考）Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo______ittakestosaveherlife.A．whicheverB．howeverC．whateverD．whoever【解析】C分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。賓語從句中的動詞takes后缺少賓語，應(yīng)選用whatever，相當(dāng)于anythingthat。⑥（2010全國高考Ⅰ）Wehaven'tdiscussedyet______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．where【解析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。賓語從句中不缺少主語或賓語，故排除B、C兩項(xiàng)，但從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)選用where。⑦（2010全國高考Ⅱ）—Haveyoufinishedthebook?—No.Ihavereadupto______childrendiscoveredthesecretcave.A．whichB．whatC．thatD．where【解析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句，題中從句作介詞to的賓語。從句中不缺少主語或賓語，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。結(jié)合答語的含義“我讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)神秘山洞的地方了”可以判斷，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)選用where。⑧（2010湖南高考）Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew______shewassoangry.A．whereB．whetherC．thatD．why【解析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句，題中從句作動詞knew的賓語。從句中缺少原因狀語，應(yīng)選用why?？键c(diǎn)二：從句中的語序在名詞性從句中一律使用陳述句語序，特別要注意由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，切不可受特殊疑問句的影響而用了疑問句語序。例如：IwonderwhenS.H.E.iscomingtoJinantohaveaconcert.我想知道S.H.E.什么時(shí)候來濟(jì)南開演唱會。ThebigproblemfortheU．S.ishowthey_can_settlethefinancialcrisis.美國面臨的重大的問題是如何解決金融危機(jī)?！究祭縏heseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder______.A．howmuchcosttheyareB．howmuchdotheycostC．howmuchtheycostD．howmucharetheycost【解析】CIwonder后接賓語從句，從句中要用陳述句語序。當(dāng)連接詞含疑問意義時(shí)，學(xué)生往往受漢語習(xí)慣影響錯(cuò)誤地使用疑問句語序?？朔@種錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句中的主語和謂語。此題B項(xiàng)是疑問句語序，A、D項(xiàng)語法錯(cuò)誤，故只能選C項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)三：從句中的時(shí)態(tài)在名詞性從句中，要注意從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致關(guān)系。例如：Iknow（that）Jolinwill_releasehernewalbumsoon.我知道蔡依林很快要出新專輯了。（當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句可以根據(jù)需要用各種時(shí)態(tài)。）Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn'twantherparentstoknowwhatshewas_doing.蘇珊決定不在家里設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)程序，因?yàn)樗幌胱屗改钢浪诟墒裁?。（?dāng)主句謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句則須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。）【考例】（2009北京高考）Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse______intobeing.A．cameB．wascomingC．hadcomeD．wouldcome【解析】A句意為：“科學(xué)家關(guān)于宇宙是怎樣形成的有很多理論?！庇钪娴男纬墒沁^去的事情，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)四：從句中的語氣在某些賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣。1．賓語從句中（1）在表示“堅(jiān)持、要求、命令、建議”之類的動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞要用“should＋動詞原形”形式，should可省略。常見的此類動詞有insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，demand，request，require，recommend等。例如：Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody（should）obeytherules.門口的哨兵堅(jiān)持每個(gè)人都應(yīng)遵守規(guī)章制度。Hedemandedthathe（should）besenttoworkthere.他要求被派往那兒工作。需特別注意的是：動詞suggest表示“暗示、表明”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說（認(rèn)為）”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞則要用相應(yīng)的陳述語氣。例如：Onthedeadboy'sfacetherewasahalfsmilethatseemedtosuggestthathewashappytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.在那位死去的孩子的臉上有一絲微笑，似乎表明他很高興把自己的生命獻(xiàn)給了自己的祖國。TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.那位阿拉伯人堅(jiān)持說他從來沒有看見過那頭駱駝?！究祭浚?009浙江高考）Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou______swimaftereatingalargemeal.A．wouldn'tB．couldn'tC．needn'tD．shouldn't【解析】Drecommend后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，動詞用“should＋動詞原形”的形式。（2）在動