京劇英文介紹

PekingOpera BeijingOperaisthenationalstandard,andhasahigherreputationthananyotherbranchesofChineseOpera.BeijingandTianjinarerespectedasthekeybasecitiesinthenorthwhileShanghaiisthebaseinthesouth.

AlthoughitiscalledBeijingOpera,itsoriginsarenotinBeijingbutintheChineseprovincesofAnhuiandHubei.

ThetechnicaltermofCharactersinChineseOpera;HangDang(行當(dāng))FourmajortypesofHangDang(行當(dāng))Sheng(生)HangDangTan(旦)

HangDangChing(淨(jìng))HangDangChou(丑)HangDangHangDang(行當(dāng))HangDangisaveryspecialsystemandarrangementofCharactersinChineseopera.Accordingtodifferentpersonasintheopera,atfirst,actorsandactresseshavetofoundonthosepersonas’genders,characteristics,statusandetc.thenemphasizeonthedifferentkindsofmakeup,costume,andperformances;therefore,peoplecategorizethosedifferenttypesofpersonaswiththeperformersintothesystemofHangDang(行當(dāng)).Sheng(生)HangDang(行當(dāng))TheShengisbasicallyapuremalerole,especiallyinPekingopera,besidesching(淨(jìng))andchou(丑),therestofthemalepersonaswouldbeallcategorizedintotheShengHangDang.

Sheng,amalerole,usuallyaleadingone,datesbacktoSouthernDramaoftheSongandYuanDynasties(960-1368).Thisroleappearsinoperasinallhistoricalperiods.Accordingtotheageandsocialstatusofthecharacters,Shengfallsintofivesub-groups:Laosheng,Xiaosheng,Wusheng,Hongshengand

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sheng(charactersofchildren)TheShengofmature,LaoSheng.Thelaoshengisadignifiedolderrole.Thesecharactershaveagentleandcultivateddispositionandwearsensiblecostumes.Onetypeoflaoshengroleisthehongsheng,ared-facedoldermale.TheonlytwohongshengrolesareGuanGong,theChinesegodofswornbrotherhood,loyaltyandrighteousness,andZhaoKuang-yin,thefirstSongDynastyemperor.

LaoSheng譚派以譚鑫培為代表，主要傳人有譚小培、譚富英、譚元壽、譚孝增等。代表劇目有定軍山等馬派以馬連良為代表，唱腔瀟灑飄逸世稱(chēng)馬腔，且精于做工與念白，代表劇目有借東風(fēng)、淮河營(yíng)、四進(jìn)士等。主要傳人言少朋、馮志孝、張學(xué)津等麒派以周信芳為代表，主要傳人：程毓章、高百歲、陳鶴峰、周少麟、小王桂卿等，代表劇目：斬經(jīng)堂、追韓信、打嚴(yán)嵩、四進(jìn)士、徐策跑城、華容道、趙五娘、封神榜、九更天。譚派定軍山TheShengofyouth,HsiaoSheng.HsiaoShengisusuallyayoungscholaroraloverHsiaoShengoftenhasthekindofhandsomemakeupwithoutanybeards.Theywoulduseahigh-pitchvoicetosingbutacombinationofhigh-pitchandlow-pitchvoiceforspeaking.

HsiaoSheng.姜派以姜妙香為代表，主要傳人劉雪濤。葉派以葉盛蘭為代表，主要傳人葉少蘭、馬玉琪等。代表劇目《羅成叫關(guān)》、《轅門(mén)射戟》、《群英會(huì)》。俞派以俞振飛為代表葉派羅成叫關(guān)TheShengofmartialartandmilitant,WuSheng.WuShengisaboutthemilitantormartialmalesareskilledintheartofkungfu.