高中英語外研版（2023）必修第一、二冊綜合訓練卷（含解析）

第第頁高中英語外研版（2023）必修第一、二冊綜合訓練卷（含解析）綜合訓練卷

第一部分閱讀理解

第一節(jié)（共15小題）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

Droughts(干旱)causedbyglobalclimatechangehaveledtoadropinwheatproduction,aworldwideshortageandhighfoodpricesaroundtheworld.Theglobalwheatsupplyisatitslowestpointin50years,withonlyanestimated10weeksofsupplyleft.Thishasbeenonefactorpushingthepricesofbread,beerandotherwheat-containingfoodssteadilyhigher.AccordingtoHiltonDinner,abakeryownerfromEdmonton,Canada,thepriceofflourhasmorethandoubledoverthepasteightmonths.In19yearsofbusiness,Dinnersaid,hehasneverseenpricesriselikethis.

"Pricescreepupseasonably,"hesaid."Theymightgoup10percent,thendown5percent.Theynevergobacktowheretheystarted,buttheycreep.Thisisnotcreeping,thisisdrastic."

Alsotoblamefortheglobalwheatshortageistherisingpopulation,coupledwithincreasingmeatconsumptionworldwide.Thishasledtotheincreasingdiversionofgraintoanimalfeed.

Analystsanticipatethattheshortagemayberesolvedwithin12months,asfarmerspullfallowlandintowheatproduction.Butevenwhentheshortageresolves,foodpricesareonlyexpectedtokeepclimbingduetootherfactors,suchashighenergyandshippingcosts.

"It'snotsomethingthat'sgoingtogoaway,"Dinnersaid."Foodingeneralisgoingtogoup.Aswheatgoesup,sodoesthepriceofeggsandchickenbecausetheyeatgrain-basedfeed.Itaffectspeoplewhocan'taffordtopaymorefortheirfood."

Publichealthexpertshaveexpressedconcernabouttheeffectthatrisingfoodpriceshaveonthepoor.TheUnitedNationsrecentlyreportedthatin2023,thecostoffoodimportsintheworld'sneediestcountriesincreased24percent,toatotalof$107billion.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thepricesofwheatproductsrise________.

A.suddenlyB.graduallyC.slowlyD.rapidly

2.Thewheatshortagemaydisappearif_________.

A.theemptylandsareusedtoplantwheatB.theshippingcostsarefallingdown

C.chickensdon'tfeedonwheatanymoreD.beerisn'tmadefromwheatanymore

3.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat_________.

A.poorpeoplecan'taffordfood

B.therisingpopulationleadstohighfoodprices

C.theglobalclimatechangecauseswheatshortage

D.foodpricesaregoingtogodown

B

Tornadoes(龍卷風)arenature'smostviolentstorms,whichcancausedeathsanddestroyaneighbourhoodinseconds.Atornadoappearsasarotating,funnel(漏斗)-shapedcloudthatextendsfromathunderstormtothegroundwithwhirlingwindsthatcanreach300milesperhour.Damagepathscanbeoveronemilewideand50mileslong.Everystateisatsomeriskfromthisdisaster.

Sometornadoescanbeseenclearly,whilerainornearbylow-hangingcloudsobscureothers.Atmanytimes,tornadoesdevelopsorapidlythatlittle,ifany,advancewarningispossible.

Beforeatornadohits,theairmaybecomeverystill.Acloudofdebris(散片)canmarkthelocationofatornadoevenifafunnelcannotbeseen.Tornadoesgenerallyoccurneartheedgeofathunderstorm,whenthestrongwindmaydiedown.Itisnotuncommontoseeclear,sunlitskiesbehindatornado.

Thefollowingarefactsabouttornadoes:

☆Theaverageforwardspeedofatornadois30MPH,butmayalsovaryfromstillto70MPH.Debrisispickeduporacloudformsinthefunnel.

☆Theaveragetornadomovesfromsouthwesttonortheast,buttornadoeshavebeenknowntomoveinanydirection.TornadoesaremostoftenreportedeastoftheRockyMountainsduringspringandsummermonths.

☆Tornadoescanhappentogetherwithtropicalstormsandhurricanesastheymoveontoland.Waterspoutsaretornadoesthatformoverwater.

☆PeaktornadoseasoninthesouthernstatesofAmericaisMarchthroughMay;inthenorthernstates,itislatespringthroughearlysummer.Tornadoesaremostlikelytooccurbetween3p.m.and9p.m.,butcanoccuratanytime.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattornadoescomefrom________.

A.hurricanesB.greatheatC.thunderstormsD.sandstorms

2.Whichofthefollowingscenesmaynotbeseenbeforethecomingofatornado

A.Thewindmaydiedown.B.Aclearandsunlitskymayappear.

C.Theairmaybecomestill.D.Itspositionmaybemarkedbyclouds.

3.Whenatornadohappens,_______.

A.itcanonlybeseeninthelateoftheday

B.itonlymovesfromsouthwesttonortheast

C.itmayformonthesurfaceofseawater

D.itoftenreachesthespeedof70MPH.

4.Thepassagemakesusbelievethat________.

A.warningsabouttornadoesarewelldevelopedinmanycountries

B.ofallthenaturaldisasters,tornadoesoftencausethebiggestdamage

C.tornadoesaremostlyseeninthesouthernstatesofAmerica

D.tornadoesmaystrikesoquicklythatthereisoftenlittleornowarning

C

Seeingavolcanoeruptisawonderfulexperience,andyoucanreallyfeeltheheatbyclimbingtothesummitofPacayaforaclose-upview.ThereareguidedtourseverydayupthishighlyactivevolcanofromAntigua,givingtravellersachancetoseeMotherNatureathermostpowerful.

PacayaisaneasydrivefromAntigua,abeautifulcitywithmanycolourfulhousesalongitsoldstreetsthatareturnedintoartworksduringitsHolyWeekfestival.NomatterwhenyoucometoAntigua,youwon'tmissthePacaya-tourcompanies.

ButclimbingPacayaisnoeasyjob.Itis2,560metreshigh,andreachingthesummittakestwotothreehoursofseeminglyone-step-forwardandtwo-step-backmovements.Asyouclimb,youhearthedullsoundsoferuptionshighabove.Steaming,hotremainsfromrecenteruptionsbegintolinethepathasyouneartheactivesummit:theMcKenneyCone(火山堆).Justasthoughyouweregoingtowalkovertotheedgeofthecone,theroadturnstotheleftanduptotherelativesafetyoftheold,inactivesummit.

Manytoursaretimedsothatyouarriveattheconeofthevolcanoinplentyoftimeforsunsetandthefullcontrastbetweentheeruptingredlavaandthedarkeningsky.Onagooddaytheviewfromthesummitisextremelyexciting.Theactivemouthboils,sendingredlavaoveritssides,andonceinawhileshootshotstreamsupto100metresintotheair.Thereisastrongbadsmellintheairevenifyoutakecaretobeupwindofthecone.Aseveningturnsdeeperintothenight,theburninglavaquietlyfallsdownthesideofthevolcano.Foryou,too,itistimetogetdown.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage

A.ToattracttouriststoPacaya.B.TodescribethebeautyofPacaya.

C.TointroduceguidedtourstoPacaya.D.ToexplainthepowerofnatureatPacaya.

2.Antiguaisacity_________.

A.wherepeoplecanenjoyculturalfestivals

B.wherethedaringPacayatourstarts

C.thatgivesaclose-upviewofPacaya

D.thatisfamousforitstourcompanies

3.Manytoursaretimedforpeopleto________.

A.getdownthemountainintimewhennightfalls

B.avoidthesmellfromtheupwinddirectionofthecone

C.enjoythefantasticeruptionagainstthedarkeningsky

D.appreciatethesceneryofthemountain

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE

A.OnthetopofPacayapeoplecanseenothingbutremainsoftheeruption.

B.OnthewaytoPacaya,peoplecanhearthesoundoferuption,steaming,hotremainsandrarewildlife.

C.DuringitsHolyWeekfestivalAntiguabecomesverybeautiful.

D.Hotstreamstogetherwithrockscanbeeruptedintotheair.

D

DogsmayhelpsavethedayinthePhilippines,astheyusetheirnosestosmelloutsurvivorsburiedbyFriday'smudslide(泥石流).TheteamofdogsarrivedinthePhilippinesfromSpain,andthisTuesdaytheywerejustbeginningtheirwork.SearchofficialstoldCNNtheyhopetherecentrainwillwashawaythesmellofrescueteamssothedogscandotheirjobmoreaccurately.

Thedogswerebroughtinaftersoundequipmentfoundsoundscomingfromdeepinsidetheruins,ataplacewhereaschoolstoodbeforethemudslidecoveredit.Thesoundscouldmeanpeoplearestillaliveunderallthemudoritcouldjustbetheearthresettling.

OnMonday,rescueworkersworkedattheschoolsiteuntilthreeinthemorning,tryingtolocatesurvivors,andtheywillbegindiggingagainassoonasthedogsthinktheyfindsomeone.

HumanteamsfromtheUS,Malaysia,andAustraliaarealltryingtohelp,too.Butsofartheyhaveyettolocateanysurvivors.RescueworkerstoldCNNthatanearlierreportthat50survivorshadbeenfoundwasfalse.

HowdidallthatmudburythevillageinthefirstplaceOnFriday,2,400-footMtKanabagturnedintoamudslideaftertwoweeksofconstantrainweakenedit.ThemountaincrumbledandthemudfellontothevillageGuinsaugon,buryingthe1,800peoplewholivedthere.Outofthe300housesinthevillage,only3werenotcoveredbythemud.ThevillageisonasouthernPhilippineIslandcalledLevte.Rescueeffortshavebeendifficultbecausethevillagetakessixhourstoreachfromthenearestairport.Hopefully,thedogscanhelptheirhumanfriendsfindsurvivors.

1.Accordingtothesearchofficials'wordsinthefirstparagraph,wecanlearnthat________.

A.thesmellofrescueteamscandisturbthedogs

B.thedogscanfollowthesmellofrescueteams

C.thedogscan'tsmelltherescueteams

D.thedogscantellthesmellsofburiedpeopleandrescueteamsapart

2.Themainpurposeofthispassageisprobably________.

A.toshowthewaytorescuethevictimsintheruins

B.tointroducetheinstrumentstosavevictimsinadisaster

C.totellreadersthatdogscansmelloutvictimsburiedintheruins

D.toshowhowtotraindogstosavevictimsinamudslide

3.Howmanysurvivorshavebeenfoundbythedogs

A.50.B.Onlyafew.C.1,800.D.None.

4.Thereasonwhytherescueworkwasn'tgoingsmoothlywasprobablythat________.

A.therainwasheavyB.somanypeoplewereburied

C.itwasdifficulttoreachthevillageD.thereislittlechancetosavethesurvivors

第二節(jié)（共5小題）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Whatwillyoudoifyoucan'teateverythingboughtinthecanteen①_________Accordingtoasurvey,whatstudentswasteeveryyearcouldfeedover10millionpeople.

②_________AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency,thefoodwastedbyChinesepeopleisabout50milliontonsofgraineveryyear,whichcouldfeed200millionpeople.

Foodwaste,whichhasbecomeaglobalissue,servesasamirrorthatreflectsvariousculturalandsocialissuesindifferentcountries.IntheWest,forinstance,consumerism,thebeliefthatit'sagoodthingtousealotofgoodsandservices,isoftentoblameforfoodwaste.③_________Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitableandgenerous.Manyevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefood.Oncampus,agenerationofsinglechildrenislessawareofthefoodwasteissue.Studentsnowadaysarewellprotectedbytheirfamiliesandhardlyhaveanyconceptofhowmuchhardworkothersgothroughinordertoprovidethemwiththefoodtheyeat.

④_________Thereareover925millionhungrypeopleintheworld,mostofwhomliveinunderdevelopedcountriesandareas.Theydon'thaveenoughfoodtoeat.ManychildrendieforlackofnutritioneachyearinsomeAfricancountries.Andfarmersworkveryhardtogrowthecrops.⑤_________It'salsoimportantthateveryoneshouldthinkabouthowtheycandotheirbittoreducefoodwaste.

A.Students'wasteisextremelyserious.

B.China,inturn,featuresitsowneatingculture.

C.Studentscanneverrealizetheseriousfoodcrisis.

D.Comparedwiththem,someliveinadifferentworld.

E.Butcanteenwasteismerelythetipoftheiceberg.

F.Sothere'snoexcuseforwastingourfood.

G.Mostofuswouldsimplythrowawayanyleftoverfood.

第二部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）

第一節(jié)（共15小題）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereleft1inthewildYoumayhaveread2heardaboutpeoplewhosurvivedunderseemingly3conditions.Thesepeoplehavebeenabletosurvive4concentratingonthreebasicneeds:water,foodandshelter.

Waterisoneofthefewthingsnecessarytomakelife5,butfreshwatermaybedifficulttofind.Watercanbemade6byboilingitforthreetofiveminutes.Ifthereisa7ofwater,donottireyourselftoomuch.

Foodis8necessityifyouarelostforalongerperiodoftime.Somepeoplehavegotovertheir9byeatinganimalsthatareeasytocatch.Plants,10,shouldnotbeeatenunlessyouaresuretheyareeatable.Nutsareeasyto11andofferyouenergy.

12fromextremetemperaturesisanotherconcern.Inheavysnow,youcanstayunderplants13shelter,usingleavesorgrasstokeepyourselfwarm.Whenitisextremelyhot,youcan14asmallcaveatthebaseofathickevergreentree.

Remainingcalmisextremelyimportantinanydangeroussituation.15withaplananddon'twastetimeorenergybygettingworried.

Byfocusingonthesethings,youcanturnyourselfintoasurvivor.

1.A.lonelyB.uniqueC.aloneD.special

2.A.orB.andC.otherwiseD.but

3.A.unnecessaryB.impossibleC.unimportantD.uncertain

4.A.acrossB.inC.aboutD.by

5.A.stayB.keepC.continueD.remain

6.A.cleanB.dirtyC.clearD.warm

7.A.storageB.supplyC.donationD.shortage

8.A.anotherB.otherC.someD.one

9.A.thirstB.tirednessC.hungerD.scare

10.A.moreoverB.thereforeC.besidesD.however

11.A.recognizeB.takeC.eatD.find

12.A.PreventionB.ObservationC.ProtectionD.Safety

13.A.forB.inC.withD.through

14.A.formB.liveC.surviveD.create

15.A.ComeintoB.ComeoutC.ComeacrossD.Comeup

第二節(jié)（共10小題）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof①________(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof②________(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow③________(be)oftenacceptable.

Mostofusaremorefocused④________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive⑤________possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.

Recent⑥________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks⑦________(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor⑧________while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.

Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely⑨________(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,⑩________(make)sureit'sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.

第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）

第一節(jié)

氣候變暖已經(jīng)嚴重威脅到了地球上人類和動植物的生存。請你根據(jù)以下提示寫一篇英語短文，闡述地球氣候變暖的原因及其影響，并提出合理的解決措施。

原因影響

森林覆蓋面積減少;大量二氧化碳進人大氣層……海平面上升,威脅沿海地區(qū)和島上居民的生活,疾病侵襲人類,動植物瀕臨滅絕……

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可適當增加細節(jié)以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：extensive大面積的；deforest采伐森林

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第二節(jié)

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。

Tomwasworkinginabigcompany.Hehadbeenontheroadvisitingpeopleformorethanamonthwithoutgoinghome.Hecouldn'twaittogetbacktoseehiswifeandchildren.ItwascominguponMother'sDay,andheusuallytriedtomakeit"backhome",butthisyearhewasjusttoobusyandtootired.Thedaywhenhewasdrivinginasmalltown,hesawaflowershop.Hesaidtohimself,"IknowwhatIwilldo.I'llsendmymothersomeroses."

Hestoppedandwentintotheflowershopandsawaboytalkingtothegirlinit."HowmanyrosescanIgetforfivedollars"theboyasked.Thegirlwastryingtoexplainthatroseswereexpensive.Maybetheboywouldbehappywithsomethingelse.

"No.Ihavetobuyroses,"hesaid."MymomwasbadlysicklastyearandIdidn'tgettospendmuchtimewithher.Iwanttogetsomethingspecial.Ithastoberedroses,becausethoseareherfavorite."Hewasstubborn.

ThegirlintheshoplookedupatTomandwasjustshakingherhead.SomethinginsideofTomwastouchedbytheboy'svoice.Hewantedtogetthoserosessobadly.Tomhadbeenblessed(幸運的)inhisbusiness,andhelookedatthegirlandsilentlysaidthathewouldpayfortheboy'sroses.

Thegirllookedattheboyandsaid,"OK,Iwillgiveyouadozenredrosesforyourdollars."Theyoungmanalmostjumpedintotheair.Hetooktheflowersandranoutofthestore.Itwasworthmorethanfiftydollarsjusttoseethatkindofexcitement.

Tomorderedhisownflowersandaskedthegirltohavethemdelivered(遞送)tohismother.Afterthat,withreliefhedrovedowntheroad.Notlongafterhisdriving,hesawtheboywalkingtoagraveyard(墓地).

注意：

1.所續(xù)寫的短文詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2.續(xù)寫部分分為二段，每段的開頭語已經(jīng)為你寫好。

Paragraph1:

Tomstoppedhiscarandfollowedtheboy.

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Paragraph2:

Tomwentintothecarintears.

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答案以及解析

第一部分閱讀理解

第一節(jié)

A

答案：DAC

解析：語篇解讀:氣候變化引起干旱,干旱又引起小麥產(chǎn)量的下降,小麥產(chǎn)量下降又引起小麥價格的上漲。

1.解析:細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段特別是"thepriceofflourhasmorethandoubledoverthepasteightmonths"可知,小麥產(chǎn)品的價格上漲得非?？臁９时绢}D項正確。

2.解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句"Analystsanticipatethattheshortagemayberesolvedwithin12months,asfarmerspullfallowlandintowheatproduction."可知答案為A項。

3.解析:主旨大意題。本文講述的是氣候的變化引起小麥的短缺。故C項為文章的主旨大意。

B

答案：CBCD

解析：語篇解讀:這是說明文,短文介紹龍卷風的形成及其特點等方面的些知識。

1.解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"atornadoappearsasarotating,funnel(漏斗)-shapedcloudthatextendsfromathunderstormtotheground."以及第三段"Tornadoesgenerallyoccurneartheedgeofathunderstorm..."中的信息可知龍卷風起源于雷雨,故選C項。

2.解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的"...theairmaybecomeverystill."可知C項正確;根據(jù)"Acloudofdebris(散片)canmarkthelocationofatornado..."可知D項正確;根據(jù)"...whenthestrongwindmaydiedown."可知A項正確;因此看不到的現(xiàn)象應為B項,注意本段末句"Itisnotuncommontoseeclear,sunlitskiesbehindatornado."的意思是"在龍卷風過后,常能見到陽光照耀的晴朗天空"。故本題B項正確。

3.解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Waterspoutsaretornadoesthatformoverwater."可知有些龍卷風來源于海面。故選C項。

4.解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Atmanytimes,tornadoesdevelopsorapidlythatlittle,ifany,advancewarningispossible."可知很多時候龍卷風來得太快,以至于不可能提前發(fā)出警告,因此A項錯誤,D項正確;根據(jù)第一段首句可知B項錯誤;根據(jù)末段可知C項錯誤。

C

答案：ABCC

解析：語篇解讀:本文是一篇記敘文。文章對火山Pacaya進行了細致的介紹,講述了火山噴發(fā)時的情景,并對其周圍地區(qū)的風光進行了介紹,旨在吸引人們到此處游覽觀光。

1.解析:主旨大意題。本文比較詳細地介紹了Pacaya的風景,并在文中反復提到了tour,traveler,可見其寫作目的在于吸引游客前往。

2.解析:推理判斷題。由第二段第一句"PacayaisaneasydrivefromAntigua."及最后一句"NomatterwhenyoucometoAntigua,youwon'tmissthePacaya-tourcompanies."可知,游客若要到Pacaya,可以到鄰近的Antigua參加那里的旅行社,也就是說這里是去Pacaya旅行的起點。其他選項與原文不符。

3.解析:細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第一句"...sothatyouarriveattheconeofthevolcanoinplentyoftimeforsunsetandthefullcontrastbetweentheeruptingredlavaandthedarkeningsky."可知答案。

4.解析:細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"...Antigua,abeautifulcity...areturnedintoartworksduringitsHolyWeekfestival."可知C項正確。A項說法有誤,人們在山頂可以欣賞到紅色巖漿和黑色天空的強烈對比。B項中提到的能聽到野生動物的聲音這一說法文章未提及;D項中togetherwithrocks說法有誤。

D

答案：ACDC

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知,他們希望最近的降雨能夠洗掉救援隊的氣味,這樣狗才能更準確地執(zhí)行任務,由此判斷,救援隊人員的氣味會影響到狗的搜救工作。因此A項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句及最后一段末句可知,這篇文章主要想告訴讀者,狗可以嗅出埋在廢墟中的受害者。故選C項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段末句可知,希望這些狗能幫助它們的人類朋友找到幸存者、由此推知,目前還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)幸存者。因此D項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可知,救援工作一直很困難,因為從最近的機場到這個村莊需要6個小時,由此推知,村莊地處偏遠,交通不便給救援工作帶來困難。因此C項正確。

第二節(jié)

答案：①-⑤GEBDF

解析：語篇解讀:本文是說明文,介紹我國食物浪費問題,呼吁人們注意節(jié)約糧食。

①解析:根據(jù)下句中的"whatstudentswasteeveryyearcouldfeedover10millionpeople"可知,學生們會把吃不完的飯菜倒掉,由此造成的浪費能夠養(yǎng)活一千多萬人,故選G項。

②解析:根據(jù)"thefoodwastedbyChinesepeopleisabout50milliontonsofgraineveryyear,whichcouldfeed200millionpeople"可知,中國人浪費掉的糧食能夠養(yǎng)活兩億人,說明食堂的浪費現(xiàn)象只是冰山一角,故本題選E項。

③解析:根據(jù)本段首句"Foodwaste...servesasamirrorthatreflectsvariousculturalandsocialissuesindifferentcountries."和本空下一句"Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitableandgenerous.Manyevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefood."可知,食物浪費現(xiàn)象反映一個國家的飲食文化和習慣,故選B項。

④解析:根據(jù)"Thereareover925millionhungrypeopleintheworld,mostofwhomliveinunderdevelopedcountriesandareas."可知,本段講的是處于饑餓中的人們,故本題選D項正確。

⑤解析:根據(jù)"Manychildrendieforlackofnutritioneachyear...Andfarmersworkveryhardtogrowthecrops."可知,世界其他地方的孩子因饑餓而死,而且農(nóng)民種糧食很辛苦,因此我們沒有理由浪費糧食,每個人都應該想一想該怎樣減少食物浪費,故選F項。

第二部分語言知識運用

第一節(jié)

答案：1-5CABDC6-10ADACD11-15ACADD

解析：1.當你一個人（alone)身處野外的時候你該怎么辦呢？本文介紹的是如何在野外生存的建議，前提是獨自身處野外，故選C。lonely孤獨的；unique獨一無二的；alone獨自；special特殊的。

2.或許你已經(jīng)讀過或者（or)聽說過那些在看似不可能的情況下幸存下來的人的故事。這里的read與heardabout是兩種途徑，文章指其中的一個，故選A。or或者；and與；otherwise否則；but但是。

3.這些人在看似不可能（impossible)的情況下幸存下來。根據(jù)下文的介紹可知，這些人生存的條件非?？量?，近乎不可能，故選B。unnecessary不必要的；impossible不可能的；unimportant不重要的；uncertain不確定的。

4.這些人通過（by)依靠三個基本的需求——水、食物和藏身之地得以幸存下來。across跨過；in在……里面；about關(guān)于；by通過。

5.水是使生命延續(xù)（continue)的為數(shù)不多的必需品之一，但淡水可能難以找到。根據(jù)常識可知，有了水，生命就可以延續(xù)，故選C。stay留下；keep保持；continue延續(xù)；remain繼續(xù)存在。

6.可以用煮沸三到四分鐘的方式對水進行凈化(clean)。故選A。clean干凈的；dirty臟的；clear清楚的；warm溫暖的。

7.如果出現(xiàn)了水缺乏(shortage)的情況，不要讓自己太疲憊。storage儲存；supply提供；donation捐贈；shortage缺乏。

8.在你迷路較長一段時間的情況下，食物是另一種（another)必需的東西。根據(jù)前文可知，生存的三個條件是水、食物和藏身之地，食物是其中的一個，故選A。another另一個；other其他的；some一些；one一個。

9.有的人吃掉他們?nèi)菀撞蹲降膭游飦沓漯嚕╤unger)。getoverhunger克服饑餓感。thirst口渴；tiredness疲意；hunger饑餓；scare恐懼。

10.但是（however)，對于植物，除非你肯定它們能食用的時候才能吃。有的植物有毒，因此不能隨便吃草和樹葉，故選D。moreover此外；therefore所以；besides此外；however但是。

11.堅果容易辨識（recognize),能夠給你補充能量。人們對于堅果的常識比對植物的常識要多，因此容易分辨出哪些是堅果，能不能吃。故選A。recognize辨識；take拿；eat吃；find發(fā)現(xiàn)。

12.另一個需要關(guān)注的問題是保護（protection)自己不受極端溫度傷害。根據(jù)下文的stayunderplants等都是對自己的保護，故選C。prevention阻止；observation觀察；protection保護；safety安全。

13.下大雪的時候，你可以在植物下面躲避以（for)遮擋風雪，利用樹葉或草保暖。下雪的時候植物可以被用來遮擋風雪，故選A。for用來；in在……里面；with與……一起；through通過。

14.如果天氣特別炎熱,你可以在樹葉茂密的常青樹下面挖(create)一個洞穴。這個洞穴不是天然的，是需要動手挖的，故選D。form組成；live生存；survive幸存；create創(chuàng)造。

15.要動腦筋想出（comeup)計劃，不要擔心、憂慮，因為這樣會浪費時間或精力。come