語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十五形容詞和副詞

語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十五：形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)及其使用形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)說(shuō)明例詞一般情況加er,estsmaller,smallest以e結(jié)尾加r,stlarger,largest單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞，加詞尾er,est以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞改y為i，再加er,estbusier,busiest重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫末尾輔音字母，加er,estfatter,fattesthotter以ow,er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er,estnarrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的詞加moremostmorebeautiful,mostimportant副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

1．大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more和most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

2．少數(shù)單音節(jié)副詞，加er,est構(gòu)成其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

幾個(gè)特殊的形容詞和副詞原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder,elderoldest,eldest比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常用句型名稱句型例句相等as原形as(as原形+名詞as)Thetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train.Hehasnotasmuchmoneyashisfriend.不及notas(so)原形as(notas[so]+名詞+原形as)Sheisnotas(so)beautifulashersister.比較級(jí)+thanHealthismoreimportantthanwealth.超越the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo兩者中較…的一個(gè)Heisthetallerofthetwo.用于否定no+比較級(jí)+than和…一樣不HeisnoricherthanI.他和我一樣不富有。用于否定最…不過(guò)Hisworkcouldn'tbeworse.他的工作再糟糕不過(guò)了。程度遞增erander，moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞原級(jí)(越來(lái)越…)higherandhighermoreandmoreimportant兩種情況同時(shí)變化the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)（越…，越…）Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe'llbeabletoleave.三者或三者以上比較the+最高級(jí)+of/in+比較范圍（…之中最…）Ofallthingsintheworld,peoplearethemostprecious.比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ)

1．用于原級(jí)之前：

almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,half,twice,threetimes,athird,etc.very（hard）、much（harder）

Johnisalmostastallasyou.

Theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.

Wehaveathirdasmanystudentsaswehadlastterm.

2．用于比較級(jí)前

1)many,afew(用于"more+可數(shù)名詞"前)

Ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane.

2)alot,much,abit,even,alittle,still,agreatdeal,far,rather,twoyears,tenpercent,threetimes,any,someetc.

It'scoldthisyear,butit'sevencolderlastyear.

Weproduced6%moregrainthisyearthanwedidlastyear.Heisthreetimesthesize/age/heightofme.

3．用于形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)前

thevery,just/muchthe,byfarthe,thefirst/second

Thishatisbyfarthelargestintheworld.

Goldistheverymostvaluableofallmaterials.位置與功能高考重點(diǎn)要求

1．掌握形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的常用句型及用法

2．掌握形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)修飾語(yǔ)及倍數(shù)的比較表達(dá)。

3．注意多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序。

4．分清常用同義與近義形容詞在表達(dá)中的語(yǔ)義差別。

此項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容從1991年到達(dá)2022年間共出現(xiàn)45次（包括上海題），可見其重要。

形容詞作用與位置

1．定語(yǔ)。

在名詞前做定語(yǔ)，為最常見用法。請(qǐng)注意多個(gè)形容詞（含其它起形容詞作用的詞）做前置定語(yǔ)的順序。

"縣官行令殺國(guó)才。"這一句就概述了形容詞順序問(wèn)題。即：

限（冠詞[物主代詞、指示代詞]數(shù)詞等）觀（描繪）形（大小、形狀等）齡（年齡、新舊等）色（色彩）國(guó)（國(guó)籍、出處等）材（材料、功用等）

aninterestingEnglishfilm,aheavyblackChinesesilkumbrella

做后置定語(yǔ)。修飾由不定代詞no,any,some，every和one,thing等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)。

2．表語(yǔ)。一定要注意系動(dòng)詞的出現(xiàn)情況。這是一個(gè)高考熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。

常見系動(dòng)詞有：be

變化系詞：become,get,turn,grow,go

保持系詞：keep,remain,stay,lie,stand

感觀系詞：look,smell,taste,feel,sound,appear,seem,proveetc.

3.形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，表狀況、原因、結(jié)果等。這也是應(yīng)注意的一點(diǎn)。

Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.

4.表語(yǔ)adj。

N：①某些以a開始的形容詞只做表語(yǔ)，不做定語(yǔ)。

afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake，alive

②某些表身體健康狀況的形容詞只能做表語(yǔ),不做定語(yǔ)

well,ill,faint

5.某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞。

friendly,manlysisterly,motherly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,orderlymonthly,yearlydaily等。

6.復(fù)合形容詞的形式問(wèn)題。

an800-meter-wideriver,anEnglish-speakingcountry,amiddle-agedman

副詞

位置

1）時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞一般放于句尾。如同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，則地點(diǎn)副詞在前。

TheywentboatinginZhongshanParkyesterday.

2)表頻率的時(shí)間副詞是高考的熱點(diǎn)

always,seldom,often,never,rarely,usually等，通常放于行為動(dòng)詞之前，be詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后。

Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwillneverbelievehim.

3)程度副詞一般放在被修飾詞之前（但enough除外）

Heisveryyoung,soheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.

N:有些副詞有兩種形式，一個(gè)與形容詞同形，一個(gè)以ly結(jié)尾，但它們的含義是不同的。

closely-closenearly-nearfreely-freedeeply-deephighly-highwidely-wide等。

以ly結(jié)尾的詞表較為抽象的含義，而與形容詞同形的副詞則表較為具體的概念。

Heishighlypraisedforwhathehasdone.(高度地)

Hecanseeabirdflyinghighinthe練習(xí)、形容詞和副詞高考題選：1.Johnhasthreesisters.Maryisthe___ofthethree.(MET88)

A.mostcleverestB.morecleverC.cleverestD.cleverer

2.Thestudentsare___youngpeoplebetweentheageofsixteenandtwenty.(MET88)

A.mostB.almostC.mostlyD.atmost

3.Shetoldus___storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.(MET88)

A.suchaninterestingB.suchinterestinga

C.soaninterestingD.asointeresting

4.Itisimpossibleforso___workerstodoso____workinasingleday.(MET88)

A.few,muchB.few,manyC.little,muchD.little,many

5.Thehorseisgettingoldandcan'trun___itdid.(MET88)

A.asfasterasB.sofastthanC.sofastasD.asfastas

6.Thestorysounds___.(MET89)

A.tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true

7.I'dbeenexpecting___lettersthewholemorning,butthereweren't___forme.(MET89)

A.some;anyB.many;afewC.some;oneD.afew;none

8.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced___grain___theydidlastyear.(MET89)

A.asless;asB.asfew;asC.less;thanD.fewer;than

9.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.(MET90)

A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwice

C.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas

10.Thepianosintheothershopwillbe____,but______.(MET90)

A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheaper;notasbetter

C.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood

11.---CanIhelpyou?

---Well,I'mafraidtheboxis___heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.(MET90)

A.soB.muchC.veryD.too

me,isthisMr.Brown'soffice?

---I'msorry,butMr.Brown___workshere.Heleftaboutthreeweeksago.(MET90)

A.notnowB.nomoreC.notstillD.nolonger

13.Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith___moneyand___people.(MET90)

A.less;lessB.fewer;fewerC.less;fewerD.fewer;less

14.Oh,John.___yougaveme!(MET90)

A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise

C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise

15.---Howdidyoufindyourvisittomuseum?

---Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas___thanIexpected.(MET91)

A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinteresting

C.somoreinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting

16.Canadaislargerthan___countryinAsia.(NMET91)

A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.another

17.Thoseorangestaste___.(MET91)

A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell

18.Theexperimentwas___easierthanwehadexpected.(NMET91)

A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch

19.___foodyou'vecooked!(NMET91)

A.HowaniceB.Whatanice

C.HowniceD.Whatnice

20.Goandgetyourcoat.It's___youleftit.(MET92)

A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere

21.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes___.(MET92)

A.openB.tobeopenedC.toopenD.opening

22.---Areyoufeeling___?

---Yes,I'mfinenow.(NMET92)

A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter

23.Whichis___country,CanadaorAustralia?(MET92)

A.alargeB.largerC.alargerD.thelarger

24.---WillyougivethismessagetoMr.White,please?

---Sorry,Ican't.He___.(MET92)

A.doesn'tanymoreworkhereB.doesn'tanylongerherework

C.doesn'tworkanymorehereD.doesn'tworkhereanylonger

25.How_____canyoufinishthedrawing?(MET92)

A.oftenB.soonC.longD.rapid26.___terribleweatherwe'vebeenhavingthesedays!(MET92)

A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What

27.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain.It's___byroad.(MET93)

A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker

28.___fromBeijingtoLondon!(MET93)

A.HowlongwayitisB.Whatalongwayisit

C.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis

29.Shedoesn'tspeak___herfriends,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.(MET93)

A.aswellasB.asoftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas

30.---Mum,IthinkI'm___togetbacktoschool.

---Notreally,Mydear.You'dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.(NMET93)

A.sowellB.sogoodC.wellenoughD.goodenough

31.---Ifyoudon'tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.

---OK,butdoyouhavesize___inblue?Thisone'sabittightforme.(NMET93)

A.abigB.abigger(onethanthis)C.thebigD.thebigger

32.Johnplaysfootball___,ifnotbetterthan,David.(NMET94)

A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas

33.Weallwrite___,evenwhenthere'snotmuchtosay.(NMET94)

A.nowandthenB.byandby

C.stepbystepD.moreorless

34.---Doyouremember___hecame?

---YesIdo,hecamebycar.(NMET94)

A.howB.whenC.thatD.if

35.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.(NMET94)

A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertime(thannow)

C.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime

36.---Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?

---No,I'llfinishin___tenminutes.(NMET95)

A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.less

37.---I'dlike___informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.

---Well,youcouldhave___wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.(NMET95)

A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a

38.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,___greatitis.(NMET95)

A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever

39.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining____.(NMET96)

A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavily/hard

40.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard___.(NMET96)

A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoice

C.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice(thanhers)

41.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.(NMET93)

A.littletwootherB.twolittleother

C.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo

42.---HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?(NMET95)

---Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe___daysattheseaside.

A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunny

C.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast

43.Canyoubelievethatin___arichcountrythereshouldbe_manypoorpeople?(MET95)

A.such;suchB.such;soC.so;soD.so;such

44.Waittillyouaremore___.It'sbettertobesurethansorry.(NMET97)

A.inspiredB.satisfiedC.calmD.certain

45.Professo