Unit1Discoverusefulstructures課件高中英語人教版選擇性

RevisionQ1.InPara.2,whatwerethetwocontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.InPara.3,whydidthewomenandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Q1.InPara.2,whatwerethecontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.InPara.3,whydidthewomanandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.ThetruthwasthatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Revision1.Onetheory

was

thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another

was

thatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfood

andwater.3.It

seemed

thatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshe

haditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth

was

thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected

bywaste.Explore:Observeandfind—SubjectSubjectSubjectSubjectLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbPredictiveclause(表語從句）Predictiveclause(表語從句）Predictiveclause(表語從句）Predictiveclause(表語從句）PCthat,whether,how,where,what,asif...ThebasicformofPredicativeClause:Subject+Linkingverbs+[subordinatingconjunction+otherelements]be,seem,appear,look,sound...Whatisthesentencestructure?that,whether,how,where,what...PredicativeClausesareoftenused:1.todirectlyexplainoremphasizewhattheSubjectisingreaterdetail.2.functionasaComplement(補(bǔ)語)totheSubject.

Unit1ScienceandScientists

Linking-v系動(dòng)詞Contents1Subordinatingconjunction引導(dǎo)詞23PracticeandApply練習(xí)與運(yùn)用4Attention注意事項(xiàng)系動(dòng)詞的分類1.感官類系動(dòng)詞（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)be動(dòng)詞3.狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞保持類系動(dòng)詞（keep,remain,stay）似乎類系動(dòng)詞（

seem,appear

）證明類系動(dòng)詞（prove,turnout)系動(dòng)詞后的成分為表語。系動(dòng)詞后的從句為表語從句。（am,is,are,was,were)，意為“是”1Linking-v系動(dòng)詞證明是......結(jié)果是......2Subordinatingconjunction引導(dǎo)詞that（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分）whether（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“是否”,表語從句中不能使用“if”）

asif（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“好像”）表語從句中SVO成分完整表語從句中SVO成分完整表語從句中SVO成分完整because（在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,意為“因?yàn)椤保┍碚Z從句中SP成分完整1）連詞：在從句中不充當(dāng)成分that

____意義，在表語從句中______成分,起______作用，________省略。無不充當(dāng)連接不能連接詞whether起_____作用，意為“_________________”，在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if

______引導(dǎo)表語從句)。連接是否、究竟、到底不能似乎，好像because意為“______”引導(dǎo)表語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，注意與why的區(qū)別。因?yàn)?.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscience

is

______

makesmeimmenselysatisfied.

6.Thatis_______manyexpertsareworryingabout.

7.TherearedozensofbooksaboutZoologyinlibrary.However,whatreallymakeshimconfused

is_______isthemostsuitableoneforhisresearchpaper.what（在從句中充當(dāng)主語，意為“...的事情”）which（在從句中充當(dāng)主語,意為“哪一（本）...”）2）連接代詞：在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語表語從句中缺少主語

what（在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，意為“...的事情”）表語從句中缺少賓語表語從句中缺少主語8.Theproblem

is__________couldfindoutacureforthedisease.9.WhatIhavenotdecided

is________Iamgoingtovisit.10.Bothmyparentshavegivenmesomeadviceonhowtosavemoney.Butthequestion

is

______adviceIshouldtake.

whose（在從句中充當(dāng)定語，意為“誰的...”）表語從句中缺少定語表語從句中缺少主語whom（在從句中充當(dāng)賓語,意為“誰”）表語從句中缺少賓語who（在從句中充當(dāng)主語,意為“誰”）2）連接代詞：在從句中充當(dāng)成分主語、賓語、表語、定語連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose

除在句子中起______作用外，還可在從句中作_____、_____、_____或______，且各有詞義。連接主語表語定語賓語2選詞填空(what/that)①M(fèi)yhometownisnolonger_____itusedtobe.②Thisis_____Ishouldhavedonefirstofall.③Whatsurprisedmemostwas_____thethingirlshouldhavewonthreegoldmedals.④AllIknowis_____Ireadinthepapers.⑤Theamazingthingaboutthespringis_____thecolderthetemperaturegets,thehotterthespring!what

whatthatwhatthat

howwhere

when表語從句中SVA成分完整,缺少原因狀語：“為什么...”3）連接副詞：在從句中充當(dāng)方式、地點(diǎn)、原因、時(shí)間狀語表語從句中SV成分完整，缺少方式狀語：“如何”表語從句中SV成分完整,缺少時(shí)間狀語：“...的時(shí)候”why表語從句中SV成分完整，缺少地點(diǎn)狀語：“...的地方”連接副詞where,when,why,how除在句中起______作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)_______、______、______或______狀語，本身具有詞義。連接時(shí)間地點(diǎn)方式原因1選詞填空(why/how/where)①Thisis______Marymetherhusbandforthefirsttime.②Thisis____weputoffthemeeting.③Thisis____we'vedealtwiththeeconomiccrisis.wherewhyhow1.Thereason

whyheislateforschoolis________hemissedthebus.2.Whywedecidedtoputoffthefootballmatchis

________theweatherwastoobad.3Attention1:

引導(dǎo)詞that,because,why的區(qū)別當(dāng)主句的主語是_____________或why引導(dǎo)的__________時(shí)常用______來引導(dǎo)表語從句，而不用because。thereason主語從句thatthatthat1.Ithinkthat’s

_____hewassoangry.2.Ithinkitis________

youaredoingtoomuch.3.Thereason______hewassolateis_____itwasraininghard.whybecausewhythatthat/this/it+is/was+why+________(原因/結(jié)果)

表示“_________________________”that/this/it

+is/was+because+_______(原因/結(jié)果)

表示“________________________”thereasonwhy…isthat…中why是引導(dǎo)_________，that引導(dǎo)的是_________，表示“___________________”。這/那就是……的原因原因這/那就是因?yàn)椤Y(jié)果定語從句表語從句……的原因是……3補(bǔ)全句子①Davidwasinjuredinthetraining._____________hedidn'ttakepartintheOlympicGames.大衛(wèi)在訓(xùn)練中受傷了，那就是他沒有參加奧運(yùn)會的原因。②Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight._________________hehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒去看電影。那是因?yàn)樗脦退拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。③Thereason____hewasabsentfromthemeeting____________________．他缺席會議的原因是他病了。Thatwaswhy

Thatwasbecausewhywasthathewasill3Attention2:

表語從句中的虛擬語氣Myproposalisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.Myadviceisthatwe(should)gettherebytrain.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)goandhelphim.1)主語是表示___________________等的名詞時(shí)，表語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略建議、命令、要求Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Itsoundedasifthenightwouldneverend.2)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句語氣：若表示真實(shí)情況，用陳述語氣。

若表示非真實(shí)情況，用虛擬語氣。若跟現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符：過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）若跟過去事實(shí)不符：haddone若跟將來事實(shí)不符：would/could+動(dòng)詞原形4單句語法填空①Ifeltasifmyhead_____

(be)splitting.②Itlooksasifshe___

(be)reallyill.were

isSummary：1.表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu):主語+系動(dòng)詞+引導(dǎo)詞

+簡單句2.引導(dǎo)詞

從屬連詞:that,whether,as,asif/though,because連接代詞:who,what,which,whom,whose,...+ever連接副詞:when,where,how,why3.注意點(diǎn):3）if不引導(dǎo)表語從句。4）表語從句的虛擬語氣。1）語序:連主謂。2）主語為reason時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that表語從句thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendaysthecholeraoutbreakhadcausedmorethan500peoplediedintendaysallthosewhodiedhadlivedthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms4PracticeandApply練習(xí)與運(yùn)用A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas__________happenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemed___________allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas______wecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotabout___________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding__________________theorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot___________aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather________wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas_________wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhetherwhatasifthatwhetherwhich/whatwhat/whichhowwhyThenputDavid'slinesinthecorrectorder.A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:__________________Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:__________________Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:_________________Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:_________________Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:__________________A：“initialstage”(logicalconnector)C：“decidingwhattheorytodependupon”-“Decidingonatheory”(lexicalconnectors)B：“couldn'tpersuadeoneanother”-“this”(grammaticalconnector)E：“Atlast”-“intheend”(logicalconnectors)D：apossibleanswertotheWh-question(grammaticalconnector)思考：1.對話語篇有哪些銜接手段？2.如何選擇，才能使對話進(jìn)行下去？銜接手段：logicalconnector邏輯紐帶grammaticalconnector語法lexicalconnector詞匯Completethefollowingideasbyfamousscientistswithawordorexpressionthatintroducesapredicativeclauseandtranslatetheminyourownwords.Researchis_________I’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’m

doing.(WernervonBraun)what

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhy

研究就是當(dāng)我不知道自己在做什么的時(shí)候我在做的事。

——布勞恩（徳裔美籍火箭科學(xué)家）PracticeandApply2.Thesaddestaspectofliferightnowis_______

sciencegathers

knowledgefasterthansocietygatherswisdom.(IsaacAsimov)that

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply當(dāng)下生活最可悲的一面就是科學(xué)積累知識的速度超過了社會積累智慧的速度。——艾薩克·阿西莫夫

（美國科幻小說作家、化學(xué)家）3.Anexpertcanbe_________hasmadeallthemistakesthatcan

bemadeinaverynarrowfield.(NilesBohr)whoever

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply專家可能是在一個(gè)非常狹窄的領(lǐng)域里犯了所有可能犯的錯(cuò)誤的人?！岫埂げ枺ǖ溛锢韺W(xué)家）4.Whendifferentexperimentsgiveyouthesameresult,itisnolongersubjecttoyouropinion.That’sthegoodthingaboutscience:Itistruewhetherornotyoubelieveinit.That’s_________itworks.(NeildeGrasseTyson)why

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply當(dāng)不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)呈現(xiàn)出相同的結(jié)果時(shí)，它就不再受制于你的意見。這就是科學(xué)的好處:不管你信不信它都是真的。這就是科學(xué)工作的原理。

——奈爾·德葛拉司·泰森（美國天文學(xué)家）5.Thisappliedscience,whichsavesworkandmakeslifeeasier,bringsuslittlehappiness.Thatis_________wehavenotyetlearnttomakesensibleuseofit!(AlbertEinstein)because

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply這種節(jié)約工作量，使生活更容易的應(yīng)用科學(xué)，給我們帶來的快樂很少。那是因?yàn)槲覀冞€沒有學(xué)會合理地利用它!

——愛因斯坦6.Thereareonlytwowaystoliveyourlife.Oneis____________nothingisamiracle.Theotheris____________everythingisamiracle.(