廣東省連州市高三英語(yǔ)分類復(fù)習(xí)-語(yǔ)法-詞語(yǔ)派生省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

詞語(yǔ)派生1/27詞語(yǔ)派生是語(yǔ)法填空必考點(diǎn)。這一考點(diǎn)包括到(1)句子成份劃分或句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析；(2)各種詞類語(yǔ)法功效；(3)構(gòu)詞法尤其是派生法，等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，是綜合性較強(qiáng)一道題。我們將其主要考點(diǎn)和必備基礎(chǔ)歸納以下：2/27考點(diǎn)1：形容詞——副詞在形容詞后加-ly可變成與原來(lái)意義相同副詞。直接加-lyslow慢—slowly遲緩地改y為-ilyhappy高興——happily高興地去e加-lytrue真——truly真考點(diǎn)解密3/27后綴例詞后綴例詞-alindustrialnational-anEuropeanAmerican-erneasternnorthern-ablereasonablebelievable-fulcarefulmouthful-ishchildishselfish-iveactivecreative-ydirtythirstywindy-engoldenwooden-aryimaginaryrevolutionary-icrealistichistoric-sometroublesomelonesome-likechildlikewomanlike-ly friendlylovely-lesscarelessharmless考點(diǎn)2：名詞——形容詞 (1)名詞加不一樣后綴變成形容詞，常見后綴有：4/27(2)形容詞變成名詞。如：后綴例詞-nesshappiness幸福illness疾病-ydifficulty困難possibility可能性-ismsocialism社會(huì)主義5/27考點(diǎn)3：形容詞——?jiǎng)釉~ (1)形容詞可變成動(dòng)詞。如：en-enrich豐富enable使能夠-enwiden加寬sharpen削尖shorten縮短soften軟化-izeAmericanize美國(guó)化civilize使開化modernize當(dāng)代化nationalize國(guó)有化-ysimplify簡(jiǎn)化一些名詞后加-y可變成動(dòng)詞，表示“使……化”。如：beautify美化6/27(2)動(dòng)詞變成形容詞。如：-ouscontinuous連續(xù)various各種各樣7/27

考點(diǎn)4：動(dòng)詞—名詞后綴例詞-anceacceptance接收appearance出現(xiàn)-encereference參考existence存在-alrefusal拒絕arrival抵達(dá)-tiondictation聽寫preparation準(zhǔn)-mentargument爭(zhēng)論judgment判斷8/27考點(diǎn)5：名詞——名詞(人)后綴例詞-erteacher教師reader讀者officer官員farmer農(nóng)夫villager村民Londoner倫敦人-orconductor售票員visitor游客-arbeggar乞丐-essactress女演員hostess女主人-eseChinese中國(guó)人Japanese日本人-ianmusician音樂(lè)家physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生-istscientist科學(xué)家socialist社會(huì)主義者9/27考點(diǎn)6：不變?cè)~性前綴和后綴前綴含義例詞dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不滿意dishonest不老實(shí)un-不unable不能夠unlucky不幸un-相反動(dòng)作undress脫衣服unload卸貨in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive不活躍incorrect不正確impolite不有禮貌impossible不可能irregular不規(guī)則irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任illogical不合邏輯illegal非法non-不，非non-existent不存在non-stop直達(dá)mis-錯(cuò)誤，壞misunderstand誤解misfortune厄運(yùn),不幸10/27前綴含義例詞re重復(fù)，再rewrite重寫remarry再婚super-在上面，超級(jí)supermarket超市supermodel超級(jí)名模under-在……之下underestimate低估underground地下inter-相互，之間international國(guó)際interact相互作用semi-半semifinal（半決賽）semicircle半圓multi-多，各種multi-national多國(guó)multi-coloured各種顏色kilo-千kilometer千米,公里kilogram千克,千克tele-遠(yuǎn)telephone電話television電視a-在……上/里aboard在船/火車/飛機(jī)上ahead在前面11/27注：前綴普通只改變?cè)~義而不改變?cè)~性，但en-也改變?cè)~性，如：large大——enlarge擴(kuò)大，danger危險(xiǎn)——endanger危及；后綴普通改變?cè)~性不改變?cè)~義，但-ship也不改變?cè)~性，如：leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)——leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層；friend朋友——friendship情誼。12/27要正確解答高考語(yǔ)法填空中詞語(yǔ)派生題，必須搞清要填詞在句子中充當(dāng)哪種句子成份，作該種成份需要哪種詞類詞；然后再依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號(hào)中詞變成所需要詞類。下表歸納了各種句子成份概念、所處語(yǔ)境和充當(dāng)該句子成份經(jīng)典詞類，這些是做好詞語(yǔ)派生題必備基礎(chǔ)，提議同學(xué)們了解并熟記：解題技巧13/27概念描述所處語(yǔ)境充當(dāng)詞類主語(yǔ)講是什么人或什么事句子最前面；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及some,any,other等后名詞、代詞；動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作行為對(duì)象及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及some,any,other等后謂語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)干什么或是什么主語(yǔ)之后動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)身份、特征或狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞之后主要是形容詞；一些名詞；個(gè)別副詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)在賓語(yǔ)之后；或在被動(dòng)式謂語(yǔ)之后定語(yǔ)修飾和限定名詞或代詞名詞之前，something等代詞之后形容詞狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子動(dòng)詞前后；形容詞或副詞之前；句首副詞14/27依據(jù)上表內(nèi)容，我們能夠得出以下四條詳細(xì)判斷方法：1.在及物動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，以及some,any,other等詞后，若后面沒(méi)有名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)填名詞或動(dòng)名詞，假如所給單詞是其它詞類，就要將其改為名詞,并注意名詞數(shù)改變。如：(1)Doyouknowthe________(deep)oftheriver?解析：在動(dòng)詞know后作賓語(yǔ)或者說(shuō)在冠詞the后，用名詞，故填depth。(2)Theteacherwasangryatmy________(come)late.解析：在形容詞性物主代詞后或者說(shuō)在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)用名詞或動(dòng)名詞，因come沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)名詞，故填coming。15/272.在動(dòng)詞前后、形容詞或副詞前作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞，同時(shí)還要考慮級(jí)改變。如：(1)Theboyran________(quick)toschool.解析：修飾動(dòng)詞ran作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞，故填quickly。(2)Thelittlegirlis________(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam。解析：在形容詞前作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞，故填extremely。16/273.作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)(表性質(zhì)特征)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)經(jīng)典詞類是形容詞，同時(shí)還要考慮級(jí)改變。如：(1)What’sthe________

(width)riverintheworld?解析：在名詞river前作定語(yǔ)，要用形容詞，由intheworld可知，要用最高級(jí)，故填widest。(2)The________

(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.解析：在系動(dòng)詞become后作表語(yǔ)，用形容詞，由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，用比較級(jí)，故填stronger。17/274.在句中作謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞，同時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。如：Itisgenerallythoughtthattravelingabroadcan________(rich)one’sknowledge.解析：因情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞原形，故填enrich。18/27[例1]Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39(nature)course(廣東)[例2]Wedranktogetherandtalked38(merry)tillfarintothenight(廣東)實(shí)例剖析思緒分析：中course是名詞，在名詞前作定語(yǔ)用形容詞，故填natural。思緒分析：因drank和talked都是動(dòng)詞，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用接副詞，所以填merrily。19/27考點(diǎn)擊破20/27語(yǔ)篇填空：閱讀以下短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)法性，用括號(hào)中所給詞語(yǔ)適當(dāng)形式填空。(A)Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis[1]____________(month)billswhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced,“Dad,becausethisisyourbirthdayandyou’re55yearsold,I’mgoingtogiveyou55kisses,oneforeachyear!”Butthefatherexclaimed,“Oh,Andrew,don’tdoitnow;I’mtoobusy!”monthly21/27Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell[2]________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.[3]_____________(Apological)thefathersaid,“Youcanfinishlater.”Theboysaidnothingbut[4]________(quiet)walkedaway,[5]________________(disappoint)writtenoverhisface.Thateveningthefathersaid,“Comeandfinishthekissesnow,Andrew!”Buttheboydidn’trespond.[6]_______________(fortunate),theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned.Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote...silentApologicallyquietlydisappointmentUnfortunately22/27“IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy[7]____________(thought)words,andcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching.”…Loveisatwo-waystreet.Anylovingactmustbe[8]________(warm)acceptedoritwillbetakenas[9]__________(reject)andcanleaveascar.Nothingismore[10]__________(importance)thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous.Because...theremaybenochanceatallasinthecaseofthelittleboy...thoughtlesswarmlyrejectionimportant23/27(B)TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalisoverfiftyyearsoldandhasearneditsreputationasoneoftheworld’sgreatest[1]________________(celebrate)ofthearts.The[2]____________(found)oftheFestivalbelievedthattheFestivalprogrammesshouldbeofthehighestpossibleartisticstandardpresentedbythebest[3]________(art)intheworld,thattheFestivalshouldenlivenand[4]________(rich)theculturallifeofEurope,BritainandScotlandandthatitshouldprovideaperiodoffloweringofthehumanspirit.celebrationsfoundersartistsenrich24/27TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalhasdeveloped[5