人教版（2023） 必修 第一冊(cè)Unit 4 Natural Disasters 練習(xí) （含答案3份打包）

第第頁人教版（2023）必修第一冊(cè)Unit4NaturalDisasters練習(xí)（含答案，3份打包）Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingforWriting—2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語人教版（2023）必修第一冊(cè)課時(shí)分層練

【夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)】

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1名詞的用法

1.OnMarch8,thethree-foottallrobotmadeitsfirst_____(deliver)tosomeluckyresidentsinBrisbane,Australia.

2.Tilltheyear1957,theGoldenGateBridge,ata_____(long)of2,737metres,wasthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.

3.Ithinkhigherfoodpricesarenotalwaystheresultoflimited_________(supply).

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2介詞的用法

4.Theyencouragedhimandaidedhim_________hisscientificstudies.

5.Therewassimplynocash___________handtomeetthecostoffood.

【提升能力】

6.他的話讓我們都大笑起來。

Allofus____________________bywhathesaid.

7.我們正在爬山,突然開始下雨了。

We__________thehill_______________torain.

8.他說只要他們不違反規(guī)則,他仍然會(huì)支持他們。

Hesaidhewouldstillsupportthem,_______________theydidn'tbreaktherules.

9.這場(chǎng)大雪有望在午夜結(jié)束,明天天氣會(huì)放晴。

Theheavysnow_______________endatmidnightandtheweatherwillclearuptomorrow.

10.因此,他們可能會(huì)變得近視,或者他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難集中精力在功課上。

Asaresult,theymaybecomeshort-sightedortheywillfind__________toconcentrateontheirschoolwork.

【綜合素養(yǎng)】

11.Earthquakecanstrikewithoutwarning.Butmanyinjuriesanddeathsfromthiskindofnaturaldisastercanbepreventedifpeoplefollowthesesafetytips.

Ifyou'reinsideabuilding,staythere!Oneofthemostdangerousthingstodoinanearthquakeistotrytoleaveabuilding.①_____Droptotheground.Getundersomethingthatisnoteasilydamaged.Holdontoituntiltheshakingstops.Youcanalsogettoacomerformedbytwowallswithyourarmsoveryourhead.Ifyou'reinbedwhentheearthquakehits,staythereandprotectyourheadwithapillow.

②_____Don'ttakeshelterundertrees,streetlights,electricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredriving,stopasquicklyaspossibleandstayawayfromoverpasses(立交橋),buildings,bridgesoranythingelsethatmightfallorcollapsebeneathyou.③_____

Ifyouaretrappedinruins,coveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforapieceofcloth.Useyourcellphonetocallforhelpifpossible.Don'tshout.④_____Taponapipeorthewallsorescuerscanfindyou.

Bepreparedforaftershocks.⑤_____However,sometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.Therefore,ifyouarenotinasafeplaceafterthefirstshock,youshouldmovequicklybutcarefullytoasaferplace.

A.Don'tmoveaboutorkickupdust.

B.Ifyou'reoutside,gotoanopenspace.

C.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindust.

D.Don'tparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.

E.Takeagoodholdofyourcellphoneinthebuilding.

F.Theycanhappeninthefirsthoursaftertheearthquake.

G.Mostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.

12.InlateMarch,stormsandrapidtemperatureshiftsinseveralMidwesternstatesledtounexpectedflooding.ForNebraska,itwastheworstdisasterinthestate'shistory:76of93countieshavehadtoapplyforaid,withdamageapproximately$1.3billion.Manyfamiliesarereceivingassistanceforrepairstohomes,farms,andinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).

AlthoughithasbeenadestructivetimeforMidwesternfarmcounties,manyvolunteershavejoinedindespitethedangers.ForvolunteerLynnCaniglia,thefeelingthatcomesfrom"helpingfamilies"isallthepaymentsheneeds.

AnothergirlcalledJeanieGoodhiletalkedaboutherefforts.SheraiseddisabledanimalsonherfarminValley,Nebraska.Thefloodsruinedherlandandnearlykilledallsheowned."Whenthewatercame,Ihad20minutestosaveallofmyanimals,"Goodhilesaid."WhenIattemptedtogetsomeanimalsoutoftheirpens(畜欄),theywouldn'tcomeout."AcrosstheMidwest,threepeopleandmorethan2.3millionanimalsdiedintheflooding.Goodhileisgratefulforthefirstvolunteerswhoriskedtheirlivestosaveothers.

VolunteersfromasfarawayasOhioandNorthCarolinarescuedpeopletrappedandarenowprovidingsuppliestothoseinneedandhelpingtorebuild."Iassesshomestoseeifthey'resafetoliveinafterallofthedamage,"saidvolunteerSteveMetcalph."Severalstepsneedtobetakentoensurethatahouseissafeandhabitableafterflooding.Cleaningoutahomeandmakingrepairsafterflooddamagecanbeatough,complexprocess.Roads,bridges,andhighwayswerealsodamaged.Mostofthehighwaysandroadshavereopened,butnearlyonemillionhomesarestillawaitingclean-ups."

1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNebraska'ssituationinlateMarch

A.Terrible.B.Changeable.C.Pleasant.D.Effective.

2.WhathappenedtoJeanieGoodhile'sfarm

A.Hereffortstosavesomeanimalswereinvain.

B.Theflooddidn'tkillanyanimalonthefarm.

C.Therewasnovolunteertohelpsavethefarm.

D.Shehadnotimetosavetheanimalsonthefarm.

3.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A.Survivorsintheflood

B.Ajointefforttosaveanimals

C.Thegovernment'sgreatcontributions

D.Volunteershelpingvictimsthroughflood

答案以及解析

1.答案：delivery

2.答案：length

3.答案：supplies

4.答案：in

5.答案：on

6.答案：weremadetolaugh

7.答案：wereclimbing;whenitbegan

8.答案：aslongas

9.答案：isexpectedto

10.答案：itdifficult

11.答案：①-⑤GBDCF

解析：①根據(jù)空前的兩句可知,發(fā)生地震時(shí)最危險(xiǎn)的事情之一是試圖從建筑物里逃出來,因此此空應(yīng)介紹這樣做的后果,即容易受傷。故選G。

②根據(jù)空后的undertrees,streetlights,electricpolesortallbuildings可知這里說的是室外的情況,因此設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是:要是在室外,去一個(gè)寬闊的地方。故選B。

③前面談?wù)摰氖邱{駛時(shí)發(fā)生地震需要如何做,此空承接上句,應(yīng)該說明不要把車停在樹下或高大的物體下面。故選D。

④本段主要談?wù)摰氖侨绻焕г趶U墟中該如何做.根據(jù)空前的Don'tshout.可知后一句應(yīng)該是解釋大聲喊會(huì)帶來什么后果。故選C。

⑤根據(jù)空后的However,sometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.可知前面要說的是余震可能會(huì)在地震后幾小時(shí)內(nèi)發(fā)生。故選F。

12.答案：1-3AAD

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段可知,三月下旬內(nèi)布拉斯加州遭遇了洪水災(zāi)害,當(dāng)時(shí)的情況是十分糟糕和悲慘的,terrible意為"糟糕的"。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段中WhenIattemptedtogetsomeanimalsoutoftheirpens(畜欄),theywouldn'tcomeout.可知,她想從畜欄里救出一些動(dòng)物,可是它們不愿出來,由此可知,她的努力白費(fèi)了。故選A。

3.主旨大意題.通讀全文可知,本文主要講在洪水來臨時(shí)志愿者幫助那些受難者(包括人和動(dòng)物)渡過難關(guān),D項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最合適。故選D。

2Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures—2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語人教版（2023）必修第一冊(cè)課時(shí)分層練

【夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)】

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1名詞的用法

1.Knowingwhatnottodoinan_____(emergent)isasimportantasknowingwhattodo.

2.Havingbeenpredictedonedayahead,thevolcanic_____(erupt)didn'tdosomuchdamage.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2介詞的用法

3.Afterwegottothecampingsite,weput_____ourtentandbegantosleepinit.

4.Dictionariesareagreataid_____learninglanguages.

5.Wewillgobacktonormalwhenthingscalm_____.

【提升能力】

6.將兩個(gè)分句合并成一個(gè)帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句

Theyoungmanwantstobuyacar.Thecar'scolorisblack.

_____________________________________________________

7.將兩個(gè)分句合并成一個(gè)帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句

Thegirlisourmonitor.Sheisplayingthepianooverthere.

_____________________________________________________

8.將兩個(gè)分句合并成一個(gè)帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句

Wevisitedthesinger.Wealllikeherperformancesverymuch.

_____________________________________________________

9.將兩個(gè)分句合并成一個(gè)帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句

DoyouseethebridgeItwasbuiltlastyear.

_____________________________________________________

10.使用定語從句將所給的兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子

Thegirliswelldressed.Sheisateacherinourschool.

_____________________________________________________

【綜合素養(yǎng)】

11.Causesofsandstorms

Indesertareas,sandstormsaremostcommonlycausedbyeitherthunderstormoutflows(外流)orstrongpressuregradients(氣壓梯度)whichcauseanincreaseinwindspeedoverawidearea.Insomecases,dustandsandmaysetalimittoashallowdepthbyalow-lyingtemperaturechange.①_________Droughtisanothercauseofsandstorms.Poorfarmingpracticesmakedustandsandfreeofprotectionfromthewind.②_________Asandstormcantransportandcarrylargeamountsofsand.Desertsarethekeysourceofsandstorms.Saharansandstormshaveincreasedabout10timesduringthehalfcenturysincethe1950s,causingtopsoil(表土層)lossinnearbycountries.③_________

Sandstormshavealsobeenshowntoincreasethespreadofdiseaseacrosstheglobe.Virusesinthedustareblownintotheatmospherebythestorms.Somediseasesmaynotbeurgentattheverybeginning,buttheycandevelopintodeadlyonesifleftuntreated.④_________

Sandstormscausesoillossfromthedryland,doingharmtoagriculture.Sandstormsalsoreducevisibility,affectingairplanesandroadtransportation.⑤_________

Dustcanalsohavegoodeffects.CentralandSouthAmericanrainforestsgetmostoftheirmineralnutrientsfromtheSahara;iron-pooroceanregionsgetiron.

A.Thisisoneoftheeffectsofsandstorms.

B.Badresultsarecausedbysandstorms.

C.Drylandfarmingisoneofthemostseriouspractices.

D.Peopleknowlittleabouttheeffectsaboutsandstorms.

E.Inothercases,dustmaybeblownashighas6,100metershigh.

F.Forexample,abreathingproblemcanleadtolungcancer,whiledryeyesleadtoblindness.

G.Inaddition,sandstormsalsodiscouragevisitorsfromvisitingtheseplaces,strikingtourism.

12.Onthedaythetornadohit,therewasnosignthatfierceweatherwasonitsway—theskywasblueandthesunhadbeenout.Thefirstwarningmyhusband,Jimmy,67,andI,65,gotcamearound9p.m.,fromsometextontheTVJimmywaswatching.Heranupstairstofindmeinourthird-floorbedroom,andwechangedthechannelfromthenationaltelevisiontoourlocalPensacola,Florida,station.

Soonthetornadowasontopofus.ItwastheloudestthingIhadeverheard.Thebonesofthehouseshook,andthepowerwentout.Andthewindbegantoroar(咆哮)throughthehouse,mostlikelythroughblown-outwindowsandthedoortoourgarage.Everythingwasmoving.Andthebackwallofthehousecameoffandflewintothedarknessoutside.Wehadthreeflightsofstepstogettothestoreroomdownthere,therelativesafetyofthefirstfloor.

Ididn'tknowhoworifwewouldmakeitdownthesteps.Itfeltasiftherewerenofloorunderneathmeasthewindliftedmeoffmyfeet.Aswefinallyreachedthelastflightofsteps,ourfrontdoorwasblownout.Suddenly,athree-foot-longtreebranchflewoverourheads,missingusbyinches.

BythetimeIreachedthestoreroom,thetornadohadbeenoverusforaboutaminute.Jimmypushedmedowntothestoreroomfloor,buthecouldn'tgetinsidehimselfbecauseofthewind.IheldJimmy'sarmasthetornadoblewthedooropen.Mykneeswerefullofglass,butIfeltnopain.IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutthebackofthehouse.

Allofasudden,Jimmyliftedoffhisfeet.Ithoughthewasgone.Andtheneverythingstopped.Helandedonhisfeet.Inthosefirstquietmoments,Icouldn'tbelieveitwasover.Ourneighborsaidthestormlastedfourminutes.Inthattime,fourofthetwelvetownhousesinourunitwerecompletelydestroyed.Amazingly,noneofuswereseriouslyinjured.

1.Wheredidthecouplelearnaboutthecomingfierceweather

A.Fromthedarksky.B.Fromthenationaltelevision.

C.Fromthelocalnewsreport.D.Fromthetextsentbytheirneighbors.

2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2aboutthecouple

A.Theywerehitbyatreebranch.B.Theytriedtogetoutofthehouse.

C.Theirgaragewasblowntopieces.D.Theirhousewasbadlydestroyed.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutJimmywhentheauthorreachedthestoreroom

A.Hewasingreatdanger.B.Heflewoutofthehouse.

C.Hewasseriouslyinjured.D.Hegotinsidethestoreroom.

答案以及解析

1.答案：emergency

2.答案：eruption

3.答案：up

4.答案：in

5.答案：down

6.答案：Theyoungmanwantstobuyacarwhosecolorisblack.

7.答案：Thegirlwhoisplayingthepianooverthereisourmonitor.

8.答案：Wevisitedthesingerwhoseperformanceswealllikeverymuch.

9.答案：Doyouseethebridgewhich/thatwasbuiltlastyear

10.答案：Thegirlwho/thatiswelldressedisateacherinourschool.

11.答案：ECAFG

解析：①由上文Insomecases,dust...可知E項(xiàng)Inothercases,dustmaybeblownashighas6,100metershigh.(在其他情況下,灰塵可能會(huì)被吹到高達(dá)6,100米高。)承接上文。故選E。

②上文提示"糟糕的耕作方式使灰塵和沙子無法防風(fēng)。",由此可知,C項(xiàng)Drylandfarmingisoneofthemostseriouspractices.(旱地農(nóng)業(yè)是最嚴(yán)重的做法之一。)承接上文。故選C。

③上文提示"沙漠是沙塵暴的主要來源。自20世紀(jì)50年代以來的半個(gè)世紀(jì),撒哈拉沙漠的沙塵暴增加了10倍,導(dǎo)致附近國家的土壤流失。"。A項(xiàng)Thisisoneoftheeffectsofsandstorms.(這是沙塵暴的影響之一。)切題。故選A。

④上文提示"有些疾病在最開始的時(shí)候可能并不緊急,但如果不及時(shí)治療,它們可能會(huì)發(fā)展成致命的疾病。",F項(xiàng)Forexample,abreathingproblemcanleadtolungcancer,whiledryeyesleadtoblindness.(例如,呼吸問題可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺癌,而干眼癥可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失明。)承接上文。故選F。

⑤上文提示"沙塵暴也降低了能見度,影響了飛機(jī)和公路運(yùn)輸。",G項(xiàng)Inaddition,sandstormsalsodiscouragevisitorsfromvisitingtheseplaces,strikingtourism.(此外,沙塵暴還阻礙游客參觀這些地方,沖擊旅游業(yè)。)承接上文,該項(xiàng)中的Inaddition使上下文緊密相連。故選G。

12.答案：1-3.CDA

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的fromsometextontheTVJimmywaswatching...andwechangedthechannelfromthenationaltelevisiontoourlocalPensacola,Florida,station.可知,和丈夫是從當(dāng)?shù)氐男侣剤?bào)道中得知龍卷風(fēng)的消息的。故選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的mostlikelythroughblown-outwindowsandthedoortoourgarage...Andthebackwallofthehousecameoffandflewintothedarknessoutside.可知,他們的房子損壞嚴(yán)重。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段末句IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutthebackofthehouse.可知Jimmy處于危險(xiǎn)之中。故選A。

2Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingandThinking—2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語人教版（2023）必修第一冊(cè)課時(shí)分層練

【夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)】

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1名詞的用法

1.ItiswellknownthatancientGreecewasafountainof_____(wise)andphilosophy.

2.Inhislifehesetanexampleofbraveryand_________(wise)toothers.

3.Theaudienceapplaudedwhenthechairmangotuponhis__________(foot)tospeak.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2形容詞的用法

4.Allthelistenersweregreatly_____(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.

5.Rescueworkersarerescuingthe_____(injure)intheearthquake.

6.好像天要下雨了。

Itseems__________itisgoingtorain.

7.一位老人被困在電梯里了。

Anoldman_______________thelift.

8.那個(gè)女孩氣得一句話也說不出來。

Thegirlwas_____angry__________aword.

9.爺爺坐在沙發(fā)上，高興地給孩子們講著故事。

Thegrandfathersatinthesofa,____________________happily.

10.這種處境很容易改變，如果你考慮我的建議的話。

Thesituation_________________ifyoutakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.

【提升能力】

11.Afterthefire,whatnow

BishopPatrickChauvet,NotreDame'smanager,admittedthatthefamousbuildingwouldclosefor"fivetosixyears"ashespokewithlocalbusinessownersWednesday.Headdedthatitwasunclearwhatthechurch's67employeeswouldbedoinginthefuturebuthepromisedthebuildingwouldreviveafterbeingrestored.FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronsaidTuesdaythathewantedthechurchrebuiltinfiveyears.

*Whatarethenewrules

Whiletouristscan'tgoinsidethesiteitself,theareastillmayprovepopulartothosepayingtheirrespects.Visitorsarewelcometowritemessagesofsupportaboutboththemainandlocalcityhalls.

Theislandthathousesthechurchhasbeenclosedandthepeopletherehavebeenevacuatedsincethefire.ParisbusinessmenwhodependonNotreDametourismareworriedaboutthechurch'sfutureaswellastheirown.

*_______________

It'sknownthatspringisabusytimefortouristsinParis.Thetravelcompaniesrecommendpeoplevisitotherplaces,liketheBasiliqueSaint-Denis,theSacre-Coeurandsoon.ThosewhotendtoobservechurchservicesduringHolyWeekareadvisedtogotoSaint-Eustache.

*Lookingaheadtorebuilding.

Itseemsrebuildingcanbegin,sincefirefightersputoutthefireearlyTuesday,morethan12hoursafternearly400firefightershadbattledtheflamesthatchangedthecity'sskyline.Twopolicemenandonefirefighterwereslightlyinjured,accordingtotheParisFireService.

Alargecampaigntoraisemoneyisalreadyunderwaytorebuildthechurch.UptoWednesday,donationshadcometo$1billion.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromwhatthemanagersaid

A.Thefamousbuildingwillbeclosedforever.

B.Thebuildingwillbebuiltinthefuture.

C.Thegovernmentwillgivetheemployeesjobs.

D.Thepresidentwillmakeaplantorebuildthebuilding.

2.Whichofthefollowingsubtitlescanbefilledintheblank

A.Saint-Eustacheisfavoredbytourists.

B.Tourcompaniesofferotherchoices.

C.ChurchculturedevelopsfastinParis.

D.ThebesttimetovisitParisisspring.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenafterthefire

A.Thegovernmentwillarrangeworkfor67employees.

B.Visitorswillbeforbiddentoleavemessagesanywhere.

C.ChurchesinPariswillalsobeexaminedandrepaired.

D.Moremoneywillbedonatedfortherebuildingproject.

12.Mandaraseemedtoknowsomethingbigwasabouttohappen.Sosheletoutayell,caughtholdofher2-year-olddaughterKibibiandclimbedupintoatree.ShelivesattheNationalZooinWashingtonD.C.

AndonTuesday,August23rd,witnessessaidsheseemedtosensethebigearthquakethatshookmuchoftheEastCoastbeforeanyhumanknewwhatwasgoingon.Andshewasnottheonlyone.Inthemomentsbeforethequake,anorangutan(紅毛猩猩)letoutaloudcallandthenclimbedtothetopofhershelter.

"It'sverydifferentfromtheirnormalcall,"saidBrandieSmith,thezookeeper."Thelemurs(狐猴)willsoundanalarmiftheyseeorhearsomethinghighlyunusual."

Butyoucan'tseeorhearanearthquake15minutesbeforeithappens,canyouMaybeyoucan—ifyou'reananimal.

"Animalscanhearaboveandbelowourrangeofhearing,"saidBrandieSmith."That'spartoftheirspecialabilities.They'remoresensitivetotheenvironment,whichishowtheysurvive."

Primatesweren'ttheonlyanimalsthatseemedtosensethequakebeforeithappened.Oneoftheelephantsmadeawarningsoundandahugelizard(蜥蜴)ranquicklyforcover.Theflamingoes(akindofbird)gatheredbeforethequakeandstayedtogetheruntiltheshakingstopped.

Sowhatkindofvibration(震動(dòng))weretheanimalspickingupinthemomentsbeforethequakeScientistSusanHoughsaidearthquakesproducetwotypesofwaves—aweak"P"waveandthenamuchstronger"S"wave.The"P"standsfor"primary"andthe"S"standsfor"secondary".Shethoughtthe"P"wavemightbewhatsettheanimalsoff.

Notalltheanimalsbehavedunusuallybeforethequake.Forexample,Smithsaidthezoo'sgiantpandasdidn'tjumpupuntiltheshakingactuallybegan.Butmanyoftheotheranimalsseemedtoknowsomethingwascomingbeforeithappened."I'mnotsurprisedatall,"saidSmith.

1.WhydidMandaraactstrangelyoneday

A.Becauseshesensedsomethingunusualwouldhappen.

B.BecauseherdaughterKibibiwasinjured.

C.Becausesheheardanorangutanletout