21世紀大學英語2讀寫Unit6教案

Unit6TextAABriefHistoryofStephenHawking

ⅠTeachingMaterials:1.21stCenturyEnglish—ReadingandWritingCourse,Book2

2.21stCenturyEnglish—ListeningandSpeakingCourse,Book2

IIAimedStudents:

ⅢAcademicYear:

ⅣTeachingObjectives:

UndergraduatesinGradeOne,non-EnglishMajors

Thefirstacademicyear—thesecondsemester

1.Knowledgeobjective：*Graspingthekeywords,phrasesandstructure

*Languagepoints(keywords,phrasesanddifficultsentences)

*Grammarfocus(Apposition)

2.Abilityobjective：

*Listening,speaking,reading,retelling,recitingofthetext

*Masteringtheskillsofwritingandreadinginthisunit

*Gettingtoknowsomedisabledgiantsinforeigncountriesand

learntheirstrongwill

3.Culturalobjective：

ⅤTeachingContent

1.Lead-inactivities

2.Textorganization

3.Backgroundinformation

4.Skilllearninginwritingandreading

5.Languagepoints(keywords,phrasesanddifficultsentences)

6.Grammarfocus(Apposition)

7.Guidedpractice(exercises,oralpracticeandgroupwork)

ⅥTeachingProcess

1.Pre-readingactivities

1)Warm-upquestions

Wheredidwecomefrom?

Howdidtheuniversecomeintobeing?

Arewealoneintheuniverse?Isthereanyotherlifeoutthere?

Whatisthefutureofthehumanrace?

2)IntroduceStephenHawking’sfamily,education,marriage,disease,contribution

3)LetstudentsdiscusswhatcontributestoStephenHawking’ssuccess

2.Textorganization

Thetextcanbedividedinto4parts:

PartI(para1-2)StephenHawkingisknowntomillions,farandwide,foroneofhisscience

bookandtwoquestionsabouthisachievementsandhisdisabilitity.

PartII(para3-5)Hawkingwasborntointellectual,eccentricparents,andhewasalsogreatly

influencedbyfamousscientistGalileo.

PartIII(para6-10)Hawkingshowedhisintelligenceandgiftatschool.

PartIV(para11-14)Hawkinggainedsuccessinscienceinspiteofhisdisability.

3.Backgroundinformation

GuinnessBookofWorldRecords.

In1955,NorrisandhistwinbrotherRosseditedthefirstGuinnessBookofWorldRecords.

Thebookwasfirstdesignedtorecordthethenextremesin,onandbeyondtheEarth—

notablyinhumanperformanceandofthenaturalworld.Thename“Guinness”derivesfrom

theGuinnessBreweryinDublin,whichwasIreland’slargestcompany.ItisinLondonnow.

Thebookisnowpublishedworldwidein23differentlanguages.

TheSundayTimes

TheSundayTimesisaninfluentialSundaynewspaperpublishedinLondon,England.Itis

knownaroundtheworldforthequalityofitsreportingandeditingandforitscoverageof

Britishpoliticsandthearts.Foundedin1822asanationallycirculatedpaperwithan

independenteditorialpolicy,TheSundayTimesreflectsthedignified,carefullywritten,and

well-editedcharacterofitsdailycounterpartTheTimes.

4.Skilllearninginwritingandreading

A)WritingSkill:Comingupwithexamplestosupportthegeneralstatement.

Whenwriting,weusuallyputforwardsomegeneralstatements,thenwelistseveralexamples

toillustratethegeneralstatements

Now,analyzethefollowingsampleparagraph:

Nooneissmartateverythingorsmartallthetime.Einstein,forinstance,failedmanyclasses

ingrammarschoolbecauseofhisterriblespelling.Andhewaswellknownamonghis

colleaguesforbeingforgetful.Hewasalwayslosinghiskeys,andonefamousdayhecameto

workwithaclotheshangerstillinsidehisjacket.

Generalstatement:Nooneissmartateverythingorsmartallthetime.

Example1:Einstein,forinstance,failedmanyclassesingrammarschoolbecauseofhis

terriblespelling.

Example2:Andhewaswell-knownamonghiscolleaguesforbeingforgetful.Hewasalways

losinghiskeys,andonefamousdayhecametoworkwithaclotheshangerstillinsidehis

jacket.

B)ReadingSkill:Understandingthefigurativelanguage

Authorsoftenusefiguresofspeech,orfigurativelanguage,tomaketheirwritinglivelyand

memorable.Likeidiomaticexpressions,figuresofspeechcanbeconfusingifyoutryto

understandthemliterally—butforeffectivereaders,whoknowhowtorecognizeandinterpret

them,figuresofspeechcanhelpyouunderstandtheauthor’smeaningmoredeeplyandthink

aboutideasinnewways.

Comparisons,personificationandsymbolismetc.areallfigurativelanguages.

5.Languagepoints

1)Hehasbeenproclaimed"thefinestmindalive"...(para1)

Paraphrase---Hehasbeendeclaredthemostintelligentmanwhoislivingtoday...

alive:adj.(predicative)havinglife;living

Examples:

Thedoctorsaretryingeverypossiblemeanstokeephimalive.

Itisreportedthatmorethanfortypeoplewereburnedaliveinyesterday’sfire

Cf.living:adj.(attributive)

Examples:

Alivinglanguageisalanguagethatisalwayschanging.

Ihavenolivingrelativesinmyhometown.

2)Knowntomillions,farandwide,forhisbookABriefHistoryofTime,Stephen

Hawkingisastarscientistinmorewaysthanone.(para1)

farandwide:(alsofarandnear)everywhere;overagreatdistance)

Examples:

Thecouplelookedfarandwideforthemissingdiamondring.

Peoplecamefromfarandneartoseethecircus.

Sinceheretired,hehastraveledfarandwide.

3)Hisgiftforrevealingthemysteriesoftheuniverseinastylethatnon-scientistscan

enjoymadeHawkinganinstantcelebrityandhisbookabestsellerinbothBritainand

America.(para1)

Paraphrase---Hisabilitytoexplainthecomplexitiesoftheuniverseinawaythatthe

averagenon-professionalreaderscanunderstandandappreciatesoonmadehimwellknown

andhisbookbest-sellinginbothBritainandAmerica.

bestseller:n.anything,especiallyabook,thathasalargesale

4)earnaplaceintheGuinnessBookofRecord…(para1)

Paraphrase---becarriedintheGuinnessBookofRecords(foritssuccess)

earn:vt.get(somethingthatonedeserves)becauseofone'squalities;deserve

Examples:

Hehasearnedhisplaceinhistory.

Sheearnedthepromotionfromasalesgirltoasalesmanager.

Afterthat,Sharonearnedareputationforhonesty.

5)…spending184weeksinTheSundayTimes"top-ten"lists(para1)

Paraphrase---beingamongtheweeklytopbest-sellerslistedbyTheSundayTimesforas

longas184weeks

6)…virtuallyunheard-ofsuccessforasciencebook(para1)

Paraphrase---successwhichisalmostneverheardofinthecaseofsciencebooks

virtually:ad.practically;nearly;almost

Examples:

Lastnight'sfrostwasunprecedented,virtuallyeveryflowerinthegardenwaskilled

Thesesmallerrorsarevirtuallyimpossibletodetectwithinsuchaperiodoftime

Manyspeciesofwildanimalshavevirtuallydisappearedfromtheearth

7)Howhasamanwhoisalmostcompletelyparalyzedandunabletospeakexcept

throughacomputerovercometheseincredibleobstaclesandachievedfarmorethan

mostpeopleeverdreamof?(para2)

Paralyse/paralyze:vt.cause(someorallofthebodymuscles)tobecomeuncontrollableor

stiff;(fig.)makepowerlessormakeineffective;causetostopworking

Examples:

Afterastroke,hisleftarmandlegwereparalyzed.

Electricityfailureparalyzedthewholetown.

8)achievefarmorethanmostpeopleeverdreamof(para2)

Paraphrase---successfullydofarmorethanmostpeopleeverimaginetheycando

9)HisfatherFrank,adoctorspecializingintropicaldiseases…(para3)

specialize/specialisein:pursuesomespecialbranchofstudy,research,orwork;beor

becomeaspecialist;concentratetimeandresourceson

Examples:

Prof.Whitespecializesinorientalhistory.

Hespecializedfirstinpaintingbirdsandlaterinwritingaboutthem.

WewenttoarestaurantthatspecializesinIndianfood.

10)Carpetsandfurniturestayedinuseuntiltheyfellapart;thewallpaperhungpeeling

fromoldage.ThefamilycarwasaLondontaxi,boughtfor50dollars.(para3)

Paraphrase---Carpetsandfurniturewouldnotbereplacedbynewonesuntiltheybroke;the

wallpapercameoffandhungforoldage.Thefamilycarwasasecond-handcarboughtfor

￡50fromaLondontaxicompany.

ThedescriptionofHawking'sparents'housesuggeststheir"eccentric“behaviorsinother

people'seyesand,ontheotherhand,theirthriftinlife:theywouldratherbuythemselvesina

roomfulofbooksthanhaveanycomfortsintheirhouse.

peel:vi.A)comeoff

Examples:

Afterthesunburn,myhusband'sskinpeeled.

Thepaintontheshedispeeling.

B)stripskinorbarkfrom

Examples:

MotherwantedCharlietopeelsomepotatoesforsalad.

TheIndianspeeledthebarkfromtreestomakecanoes.

11)Hawkinghasalwaysbeenfascinatedbyhisbirthdate...(para4)

Paraphrase---Hawkinghasalwaysbeeninterestedinandcuriousabouthisbirthdate...

12)…maintainingthattheSunisthecenteroftheSolarSystem—nottheEarth…

(para4)

Paraphrase---forcefullystatingthatitistheSuninsteadoftheEarththatisthecenterofthe

SolarSystem

13)…startusinghiseyes,bothfigurativelyandliterally(para5)

Paraphrase---begintoobserve(theuniverse)withbothhismindandhiseyes

"Figuratively"and"literally"areoftenusedtodescribethemeaningsofwords.Inthecaseof

"eye",literallyitmeansanorganofsight,asin"Heclosedhislefteyeandopenedhisright

eye",whilefigurativelyitmeansthemind'seyeorobservation,asin"Toherexperteye,the

paintingwasterrible."

14)Inasense,hewasresponsiblefortheageofsciencewenowenjoy.(para5)

Paraphrase---Toacertainextent,weoweittoGalileothatwearenowinaworldwithrapid

developmentofscience.

ina/onesense:tosomedegree;partly

Examples:

Youarerightinasense,butyoudon'tknowallthefacts.

Weare,inasense,beingdeceitfulifwetellthemso.

15)Hewaspartofasmallelitegroup,thebrightestofthebrightstudents.(para6)

Paraphrase---Hewasoneofasmallgroupofintelligentstudents,thebrightestfewamong

thebrightstudents.

16)hangaroundtogether(para6)

Paraphrase---spendalotoftimetogether

17)…atonceanintellectualgiantandliberalactivist(para6)

Paraphrase---apersonwithbothunusualintellectualpowerandprogressiveviewsinpolitics,

morals,etc.

atonce:atthesametime

Examples:

Allthreeboysspokeatonce.

Thebookisatonceinstructiveandamusing.

Whenthere'smorethanoneconversationgoingonatonatonce,youcan’thearanything.

intellectual:adj.havingorshowingpowerofthemind;needingorusingpowerofthemind

Examples:

He'squitebrightbuthe'snotwhatyoushoulddescribeasintellectual.

Thinkingisanintellectualprocess.

Cf.intelligent:adj.havingorshowingunderstanding;abletolearnandknow

Examples:

Dolphinsareintelligentanimals.

Scientistsbelievethatthereareintelligentlifeexistingbeyondoursolarsystem.

Anintellectualpersonisonewhohasdevelopedhisbrainandishighlyeducated,andis

interestedinsubjectsthatexercisethemind,whileanintelligentpersonhasthepowerof

learningorunderstandingbutmaynotknowmuch.

18)WhileIwouldbestrugglingawaywithacomplicatedproblem,hejustknewthe

answer.(para7)

Paraphrase---WhileIwouldbetryinghardallthetimetosolveadifficultproblem,hegave

theanswerimmediatelyasifitwasreadyinhismind.

away:ad.allthetime;continuously;

Examples:

Sheworkedawayatherjob.

Theyoungpeoplechattedawaylikeoldfriends.

19)…struggledoverhowtoevenbeginapproachingtheproblem...(para8)

Paraphrase---evenhaddifficultytryingtotakethefirststepinsolvingtheproblem

approach:vt.begintocopewith(aproblem,task,etc.)

20)Hawkingtheschoolboywas...(para9)

Paraphrase---AsaschoolboyHawkingwas...

"Hawkingtheschoolboy",thereverseofthemorecommonform,theschoolboyHawking,is

acaseofrestrictiveappositionofnounphrases.Theappositiveprecededby"the"isageneral

wordrestrictedinmeaningbythepropername.

Examples:

Robinsonthesinger(=thesingerRobinson)

PaulJonesthecritic(=thecriticPaulJones)

21)…h(huán)avinginheritedaslightlipsfromhisfather.(para9)

inherit:vt.get(characteristics,qualitiesofmindorbody,money,property,etc.)fromone's

parentsorancestors

Examples:

Sheinheritsherblueeyesfromherfather.

Differencesinintelligencewerelargelyinherited.

Afterhisparents'death,heinheritedabigfortune.

22)Thishadnothingtodowithearlysignsofillness…(para9)

havesomething/nothing/anything/alot/alittletodowith:havesome/no/any/alot/a

littlerelationorconnectionwith

Examples:

Hisjobhasnothingtodowithtelephones.

Abstractarthaslittletodowitheverydayexperience.

Listen,whatIhavesaidhasalottodowithyou.

23)…afigureofclassroomfun…(para9)

Paraphrase----apersonwhomadehisclassmatesamused

24)He...averagedonlyonehour'sworkaday.(para10)

Paraphrase---He...hadonlytodoonehour’sworkadayontheaverage.

25)HismainenthusiasmwastheBoatClub.(para10)

Paraphrase---OnethingthathewasenthusiasticaboutwastheBoatClub.

enthusiasm:n.anactivityorsubjectthatinterestssomeoneagreatdealandtakesupalotof

histime

26)Manytimeshereturnedtoshorewithbitsoftheboatknockedoff…(para10)

knockoff:cause(sth.orsb.)tofallfromaplace

Examples:

JustwhenIhadputtheglasssafelydownonthetable,thecatjumpedupandknockeditoff.

Asnowballknockedhishatoff.

Theblowknockedhimoffhisfeet.

27)…withhisheadinthestars,workingoutmathematicalformulae(para10)

Paraphrase---withhisthoughtsfar,farawaythinkingaboutsolutionstomathematical

problems

workout:findtheanswerto(sth.);solve(sth.)

Examples:

Canyouworkoutthismathproblemforme?

Noonecanworkouthowthefirestarted.

Wearealwayshopingthatamorepeacefulsolutioncanbeworkedout

28)Oxfordhasalwayshaditsshareofeccentricstudents,soHawkingfitrightin.

(para11)

Paraphrase---Justlikemanyotheruniversities,Oxfordalsohashadsomestudentswho

behaveinastrangeway,soHawkingfeltasifhebelongedexactlytothem

fitin:besuitable;behaveorfeelasifbelonging(toagroup)

Examples:

It'snosurprisesheisleavingthecourse---sheneverreallyfitin.

Theyarelookingforsomeoneyoungtojointheteam,someonewhofitsin.

29)…getthemostfromalifehehadpreviouslytakenforgranted(para12)

Paraphrase---takefulladvantageofalifewhosevaluehehadnotfullyappreciated

take(sth.)forgranted:besofamiliarwith(sth.)thatonenolongerappreciatesitsfullvalue;

treat(sth.)asunimportant

Examples:

Hejusttakesitforgrantedthatthehouseistidy.

Mostyoungpeopletakethewashingmachineforgrantedbecausethey'veneverlivedwithout

it.

30)…demonstratethetheoryofmindovermatter(para13)

Paraphrase---provethetheorythatthespiritualforceoverpowersthematerialforce.

31)Hawkinghimselfacknowledgeshisdiseaseasbeingacrucialfactorinfocusinghis

attentiononwhatturnedouttobehisrealstrength:theoreticalresearch.(para13)

Paraphrase---EvenHawkinghimselfadmitsthathisdiseasehasbeenimportantinmakingit

possibleforhimtoconcentrateontheoreticalresearch,andthishasprovedtobesomething

thatheisreallystrongin.

turnout(to