chemistry-in-daily-life-生活中的化學(xué)(英語論文)

ChemistryindailylifeAnintroductionChemistry

isanatural

science,

mainlysearchthe

materialcomposition,

properties,

structureandchanging.

It

istheprimarymethods

torecognizingandrebuildingthephysicalworld.Our

dailylifeisvarious,

richandcolorful.

With

theimprovementofpeople'slife,

moreandmorepeoplepreferhealth,

highqualitylife.People's

basiciscloselyrelatedto

Chemistry.Itcanbesaidthat

wecannotlivewithoutchemistry.Modernchemistryincludinginorganicchemistry,organicchemistry,physicalchemistry,analyticalchemistryandpolymerchemistry.(無機(jī)化學(xué)、有機(jī)化學(xué)、物理化學(xué)、分析化學(xué)與高分子化學(xué)).ApplicationinthebasicnecessitiesoflifeTheuseofiodizedsalt.Iodineisanessentialnutritionalelement,long-termiodinedeficiencycanleadtobigneckdisease,intakeiodizedsaltisthemostsimple,economic,effectivemethodtotreatthisdisease.Iodizedsaltcontainingsodiumchloride(氯化鈉)andpotassiumiodate（碘酸鉀）.Potassiumiodateprovidetheiodinethathumanbodyneeds,butthepotassiumiodateisnotstableandeasytodecomposewhenitistobeheatedorlight,thusaffectingtheintakeofiodine.Sowhenwecookingshouldpayattentiontothat:afteraddingsaltweshouldtakeoutthefoodquickly,notlongtimetostewedorstirfired.Nowthemost

convenientmeansoftransportation

istheautomobile,

butthecar

willproduce

alotofexhaustemissions

intheprocessofrunning.Whatkindofharmdoescarexhaust

has

tohumanhealth?Carbonmonoxideisacolorless(無色),odorless（無臭）,tasteless（無味）,

andnonirritating（無刺激性）toxicgas.Itwiththeair

throughthelungs

intothebloodcirculation,

combinedwiththehemoglobin(血紅蛋白)intheblood,reducingtheoxygencarryingcapacityofredbloodcells,effectsofrespiration

andheart,

brainfunction.Longterminhalationofnitrogenoxides

candestroythelung

tissue(肺組織),nitrogenoxides

can

causetissue

hypoxia（缺氧）andinjurythe

systemictissue.Nowadays,

theadditiveischemicalsynthesis

thatcanimprovefoodquality,

prolongthepreservationperiodoffoodinordertoquickenfoodprocessingand

increasefood

nutrition.Forexample,acidityregulator,colorprotectingagent,enzymepreparations,flavoringagent,anticakingagent,defoamingagent,antioxidant,bleach,leaveningagent,preservative（防腐劑）,sweetener，thickenerandflavor(香料).Now

althoughhouseprices

risingalltheway,

butpeoplestill

continuetostruggle

forthehouse,sothe

renovationofhousing

hasbecome

amust.Afterthedecoration,housecanproducetoxicsubstancesuchasformaldehyde,

benzeneand

radon.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhas

identifiedthatformaldehydeisthecarcinogenic（致癌的）andteratogenic(致畸形的)substances.Thedetergentispreparedaccordingtospecialformulawithdecontaminationperformanceproducts.Detergentvariety,differentuses,themaincomponentsaresurfactant(表面活性劑)anddetergentauxiliary（洗滌助劑）.Surfactantisakindofsubstancealthoughtheconsumptionisfewbuthassignificanteffects.Theycanreducethesurfacetensionofwater,towetting,solubilization,emulsificationanddispersion.Detergentcanmakethesurfaceactiveagentintofullplayactivity,therebyimprovingthewashingeffectofthematerial.Cannotbecookedtofucalciumoxalatetogetherwithspinachisthehumanbodycannotabsorbdeposits.Spinach,onions,bambooisrichinoxalicacid,sodiumoxalate,calciumsaltcontainsmoretofu,suchascalciumsulfatecomposition.Thesesubstancescanoccurmetathesisreaction,generatecalciumoxalateprecipitationandothersubstances.Fromamedicalpointofview:don'tspinachandtofu,onions,bambooshootsandmixededible,willgeneratecalciumoxalateprecipitation,istheincentivetoproducethestone;fromthenutritionalpointofview,mixedediblewilldestroythenutritionalcontentoftheir.Harmofaluminum3,aluminumonhumanhealthhasalwaysbeenregardedasnon-toxicelements,powder,fermentedaluminizedfluffyagentisusedinlargewaterpurificationagentetc..Butrecentresearchshowsthat,aluminumcandisruptthebody'smetabolism,slowcauseharmtohumanhealth,itstoxicitycausedbyslowanddifficulttodetect,however,toxicityoncemetabolicdisordersareseriousconsequences.Antialuminumpoisoning,shouldpayattentiontolifereducetheentranceofaluminum,suchaseatingfrieddoughsticks,drugtreatmentofgastricavoidaluminumhydroxidereagent.Eatlessaluminumproductspackagedfood.(3),moderateuseofaluminumproducts,toavoidprolongedcontactbetweenfoodordrinkingwaterandaluminumproducts.NewenergyandnewmaterialsGreenchemistryisalsocalled"environmentallyfriendlychemistry","environmentalfriendlychemistry","clean"chemistry,greenchemistryisnearlytenyearstoproduceanddevelop,isa"newchemicalbaby".Itrelatestoorganicsynthesis,catalysis,biochemistry,analyticalchemistryandotherdisciplines,extensivecontent.Thebiggestcharacteristicofgreenchemistryisontheuseofpollutionpreventionandscientificmeansatthebeginning,sotheprocessandterminalarezeroemissionorzeropollution.Manycountriesintheworldhave"oneofthemaindirectionofchemicalgreen"asthenewcenturychemicalprogress.Theuseofchemicaltechnology,theprincipleandmethodtoeliminatetohumanhealth,safetyandenvironmentaltoxicandhazardouschemicals,andthereforealsoknownasenvironmentalfriendlychemistryorcleanchemistry.Infact,greenchemistryisanewscience.Greenchemistryisnotonlyasignificantsocial,environmentalandeconomicbenefits,butalsothatthenegativeeffectofchemicalisavoided,showthepeople'sinitiative.Greenchemistryreflectstheinterdependenceandinteractionofchemicalscience,technologyandsociety,istheproductofeffectofchemicalsciencehighlydevelopmentandsocialdevelopmentofchemistry,thechemistryitselfisanewstagearrival.Asthenewcenturygeneration,chemicalshouldnotonlyhavetheabilitytodevelopnew,moreenvironmentallyfriendly,inordertopreventchemicalpollution;andlettheyoungergenerationknowthegreenchemistryandgreenchemistry,acceptandmakeduecontributiontothegreenchemistry.Humanconsumed70%oftheenergy

fromfossil

(fossilfuel)combustion,

withthedevelopmentofsociety

and

theimprovementofpeople'slivingstandard,

moreand

moreenergybeneeded,

but

it

willalso

impactthesurroundingenvironmentand

fossilfuelswilleventuallydryup.

Tosolvetheenergy

problem,

oneisto

improvetheawarenessofenergyconservation.Anotheris

toactivelydeveloprenewable

cleannewenergy

(greenenergy),

whichisthekey

tosolvetheenergy

shortageandenvironmentalpollution.

Thecurrentnew

energymainlyhas:solarenergy,

nuclearenergy,

windenergy,

oceanenergy

(tidal)

andgeothermalenergy.

Accordingtotheconditionsofourcountry,

weshouldpromotethedevelopmentof

hydropower(水電)andnuclearpower.Fromthehistoryofthedevelopmentof

modernscienceandtechnology,

thematerial

isoftenthekeyto

restrictingthedevelopment,

alongwiththedevelopmentof

newenergytechnology,

spacetechnology,

lasertechnology,informationtechnology,

modernbiological

technology,

computerscience,modernscienceandtechnology

inurgentneedof

manynewmaterialswithspecialfunctions,

synthesis

andapplicationofnewmaterials

andgivebirthtonew

technologyrevolution.

Newmaterials

canbedividedinto

anewtypeofinorganicmaterials

and

neworganic

syntheticmaterial.Anewtypeofinorganicmaterials

accordingtotheirusecanbe

dividedintostructuralmaterialsandfunctional

materialstwo

categories.

Structuralmaterialsmainlytheuseofmechanical

andphysical

andchemical

propertiesofmaterialsmaterials,

especially

withtheexcellentperformanceof

hightemperatureresistance,

chemicalcorrosionresistance,

heatshockresistance

etc.

insomeextremeconditions,

arewidelyusedinmachinery

manufacturing,

construction,transportationandenergy

ofvariousindustrial

departments.

Functionalmaterials

istheuseof

materials

ofheat,

light,

electricity,

magneticproperties,usedinelectronics,

laser,

communication,

energyandbioengineeringandother

fieldsofadvancedtechnology.

Thelatestdevelopmentof

functionalmaterialisan

intelligentmaterialmaterial,

which

hasthefunctionof

self

repairfunction,judgingenvironment

andtime

axisfunction,

peoplecalled

smartmaterialsarethe

materials

intwenty-firstCentury.

Nomaterials

inrecentyearsdevelopment

and

application,

is

anewtypeoffunctionalmaterial.Synthetic

organicpolymermaterials

arechemicallytoinorganicor

organiccompounds

madeof

simple

organiccompoundswith

complexstructuresandspecial

excellentproperties.

Theneworganic

syntheticmaterialswith

lowdensity,

highstrength,elasticity,

plasticity,

insulationand

corrosionresistanceandsoon,

therefore

intheindustryandagriculture,defense,transportationconstruction,

medical

anddailylife

hasawideapplication.

Nowscientistshaveto

synthesis

ofsomespecial

physicalandchemicalproperties

ofnew

organicmaterials.Forexample,

withgoodinsulationperformance

oforganichighmolecularcompound,

canmake

theoxygaeninthewater

throughand

organichighpolymercompound

water

impermeable

film.基于C8051F單片機(jī)直流電動機(jī)反饋控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與研究基于單片機(jī)的嵌入式Web服務(wù)器的研究MOTOROLA單片機(jī)MC68HC（8）05PV8/A內(nèi)嵌EEPROM的工藝和制程方法及對良率的影響研究基于模糊控制的電阻釬焊單片機(jī)溫度控制系統(tǒng)的研制基于MCS-51系列單片機(jī)的通用控制模塊的研究基于單片機(jī)實現(xiàn)的供暖系統(tǒng)最佳啟停自校正（STR）調(diào)節(jié)器單片機(jī)控制的二級倒立擺系統(tǒng)的研究基于增強(qiáng)型51系列單片機(jī)的TCP/IP協(xié)議棧的實現(xiàn)基于單片機(jī)的蓄電池自動監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)基于32位嵌入式單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的圖像采集與處理技術(shù)的研究基于單片機(jī)的作物營養(yǎng)診斷專家系統(tǒng)的研究基于單片機(jī)的交流伺服電機(jī)運動控制系統(tǒng)研究與開發(fā)基于單片機(jī)的泵管內(nèi)壁硬度測試儀的研制基于單片機(jī)的自動找平控制系統(tǒng)研究基于C8051F040單片機(jī)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)開發(fā)基于單片機(jī)的液壓動力系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)監(jiān)測儀開發(fā)模糊Smith智能控制方法的研究及其單片機(jī)實現(xiàn)一種基于單片機(jī)的軸快流CO〈,2〉激光器的手持控制面板的研制基于雙單片機(jī)沖床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的研究基于CYGNAL單片機(jī)的在線間歇式濁度儀的研制基于單片機(jī)的噴油泵試驗臺控制器的研制基于單片機(jī)的軟起動器的研究和設(shè)計基于單片機(jī)控制的高速快走絲電火花線切割機(jī)床短循環(huán)走絲方式研究基于單片機(jī)的機(jī)電產(chǎn)品控制系統(tǒng)開發(fā)基于PIC單片機(jī)的智能手機(jī)充電器基于單片機(jī)的實時內(nèi)核設(shè)計及其應(yīng)用研究基于單片機(jī)的遠(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與研究基于單片機(jī)的煙氣二氧化硫濃度檢測儀的研制基于微型光譜儀的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)軟件構(gòu)件開發(fā)的技術(shù)研究基于單片機(jī)的液體點滴速度自動檢測儀的研制基于單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的多功能溫度測量儀的研制基于PIC單片機(jī)的電能采集終端的設(shè)計和應(yīng)用基于單片機(jī)的光纖光柵解調(diào)儀的研制氣壓式線性摩擦焊機(jī)單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的研制基于單片機(jī)的數(shù)字磁通門傳感器基于單片機(jī)的旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器-數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器的研究基于單片機(jī)的光纖Bragg光柵解調(diào)系統(tǒng)的研究單片機(jī)控制的便攜式多功能乳腺治療儀的研制基于C8051F020單片機(jī)的多生理信號檢測儀基于單片機(jī)的電機(jī)運動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計Pico專用單片機(jī)核的可測性設(shè)計研究基于MCS-51單片機(jī)的熱量計基于雙單片機(jī)的智能遙測微型氣象站MCS-51單片機(jī)構(gòu)建機(jī)器人的實踐研究基于單片機(jī)的輪軌力檢測基于單片機(jī)的GPS定位儀的研究與實現(xiàn)基于單片機(jī)的電液伺服控制系統(tǒng)用于單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的MMC卡文件系統(tǒng)研制基于單片機(jī)的時控和計數(shù)系統(tǒng)性能優(yōu)化的研究基于單片機(jī)和CPLD的粗光柵位移測量系統(tǒng)研究單片機(jī)控制的后備式方波UPS提升高職學(xué)生單片機(jī)應(yīng)用能力的探究基于單片機(jī)控制的自動低頻減載裝置研究基于單片機(jī)控制的水下焊接電源的研究基于單片機(jī)的多通道數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)基于uPSD3234單片機(jī)的氚表面污染測量儀的研制基于單片機(jī)的紅外測油儀的研究96系列單片機(jī)仿真器研究與設(shè)計基于單片機(jī)的單晶金剛石刀具刃磨設(shè)備的數(shù)控改造基于單片機(jī)的溫度智能控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)基于MSP430單片機(jī)的電梯門機(jī)控制器的研制基于單片機(jī)的氣體測漏儀的研究基于三菱M16C/6N系列單片機(jī)的CAN/USB協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換器基于單片機(jī)和DSP的變壓器油色譜在線監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究基于單片機(jī)的膛壁溫度報警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計基于AVR單片機(jī)的低壓無功補(bǔ)償控制器的設(shè)計基于單片機(jī)船舶電力推進(jìn)電機(jī)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)基于單片機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的振動信號的采集系統(tǒng)基于單片機(jī)的大容量數(shù)據(jù)存儲技術(shù)的應(yīng)用研究基于單片機(jī)的疊圖機(jī)研究與教學(xué)方法實踐基于單片機(jī)嵌入式Web服務(wù)器技術(shù)的研究及實現(xiàn)基于AT89S52單片機(jī)的通用數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)基于單片機(jī)的多道脈沖幅度分析儀研究機(jī)器人旋轉(zhuǎn)電弧傳感角焊縫跟蹤單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)基于單片機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)在PLC虛擬教學(xué)實驗中的應(yīng)用研究基于