閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解PPT

閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解課件（優(yōu)選）閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解課件考綱解讀命題趨勢命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題

1.閱讀理解旨在考查考生理解不同題材和體裁的書面材料以及從中獲取信息的能力。2.要求考生能讀懂有關(guān)日常生活的簡短文字材料,例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報紙、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題簡短文段。3.考生應(yīng)能:理解主旨要義;理解文中具體信息;根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義;做出判斷和推理;理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu);理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。設(shè)問方式考綱解讀命題趨勢命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題

其中，細節(jié)理解題是高考英語閱讀理解考查的重點題型之一，其分值所占比例高達50%，所以如何拿下這“半壁江山”顯得尤為重要。細節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對文章細節(jié)的理解，一般對文中已提到的事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進行發(fā)問，通過語句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來考查考生對語篇的理解能力。設(shè)問方式考綱解讀命題趨勢命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題4年26考設(shè)問方式考綱解讀命題趨勢命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題4年5考設(shè)問方式考綱解讀命題趨勢命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題設(shè)問方式全國卷設(shè)問形式(1)Where

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(年課標全國卷Ⅰ)(2)Why

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(年課標全國卷Ⅰ)(3)Whocanhelpyouifyouwanttohaveyourmusicproduced？(年課標全國卷Ⅱ)(4)Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence？(年課標全國卷Ⅰ)(5)WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley？(年課標全國卷Ⅰ)題型全突破·全國I卷閱讀理解AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860－1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson(1907－1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930－present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU．S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks(1913－2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama，RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.√1．Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?A．JaneAddams.B．RachelCarson.C．SandraDayO’Connor. D．RosaParks.1.細節(jié)理解題。首先根據(jù)題干中的“civil-rights”可將答案鎖定在“RosaParks”一欄中；根據(jù)本段中的“HersimpleactlandedParksinprison...andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.”可知，它導致了蒙哥馬利巴士抵制運動，這場運動持續(xù)了一年多，開始了民權(quán)運動，故選D項，是RosaParks對的民權(quán)運動做出了很大貢獻。1.直接信息題——題干定位法細節(jié)的直接辨認不要求讀者對客觀的事實作解釋或判斷，只要求他們從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。技法點撥題干定位法認真閱讀題干，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞明確答題方向。運用略讀及尋讀技巧迅速找到文中與問題的相關(guān)信息。仔細比較所給選項，與原文信息對應(yīng)，鎖定正確選項。[名師點津]此類題目適合尋讀法，帶著問題找句子，即先看問題，記住關(guān)鍵詞，如人物、時間、事件、地點等，然后帶著問題閱讀文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。2．WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A．Hersocialwork.B．Herteachingskills.C．Hereffortstowinaprize.D．Hercommunitybackground.JaneAddams(1860－1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.√無中生有偷換概念部分正確偷換概念()2.細節(jié)理解題。B項中的“herteachingskills”和文中提到的“promotingeducation”都與“教育”相關(guān)，但文中未提及herteachingskills(她的教學技能)，只是談到了promotingeducation(促進教育)，屬于“無中生有”和“偷換概念”；根據(jù)文中對細節(jié)的理解，JaneAddams獲得了諾貝爾和平獎，但她不是因努力去獲獎而出名的，而且她也并非為了獲獎才付出努力，故C項錯誤；D項中的“community”在文中多次出現(xiàn)，但“communitybackground”是對“asenseofcommunity”的“偷換概念”，故D項錯誤。3．WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A．Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B．Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C．Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D．Thepoorfinancialconditions.√

SandraDayO’Connor(1930－present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU．S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.顛倒是非無中生有2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SandraDayO'Connor下的第一句WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool...可知，她在斯坦福大學法學院受過教育，并非缺少正規(guī)的法律培訓，顛倒是非，故A錯；文中未提及她在法庭上工作經(jīng)驗少，無中生有，故B錯；根據(jù)...shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.可知，她沒能在法律事務(wù)所找到工作，是因為她是一名女性，這與C項“對于女性的歧視”相符，故選C項；文中未提及她的經(jīng)濟狀況，無中生有，故D錯。2.間接信息題——“斷章取義”法間接辨認不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，還要將獲得的信息用同義或近義的語言形式復述出來?！皵嗾氯×x”法閱讀題干，有針對性地掃讀原文，鎖定相關(guān)詞句等信息。仔細比較選項和原文信息，選擇正確或最佳的答案。準確理解每個選項的意思，尋找與原文信息相關(guān)的同義詞、近義詞或反義詞。技法點撥天津紅橋八校聯(lián)考TheGunpowderPlotwasaconspiracy(陰謀)tokillKingJamesⅠ，aswellasthemembersoftheHouseofLordsandCommonsatthere-openingofParliament.ItwasdesignedbyagroupofCatholicsinprotestagainsttheanti-Catholiclawsthatwerebeingintroducedbytheking.RobertCatesbywastheleaderofthegroup.Itwasheandhiscousin，ThomasWintour，andtwootherfriends，ThomasPercyandJohnWright，whoformedthecenterofthegroup.Theywerejoinedbyninemoremen；amongthemwasGuyFawkes，fromthecityofYorkinthenorthofEngland.

FawkesfoundastoreroomdirectlyundertheHouseofLordsandrenteditoutunderthefalsenameofJohnJohnson.Theconspiratorsstoredthirty-sixbarrelsofgunpowderthere，andFawkes，whowasanexplosivesexpert，wastolightthefuses(引信)on5thNovember1605.Theplotfailedbecauseoneoftheconspirators，F(xiàn)rancisTresham，sentalettertohisrelative，whowasamemberoftheHouseofLords.TheletterwarnedhimnottoattendtheopeningceremonyofParliament.Theletterwaspassedontotheauthorities，whotookaction.GuyFawkeswasfoundinthecellaronthenightof4thNovemberwiththethirty-sixbarrelsandanumberoffuses.Hewasimprisonedandill-treated，eventuallygivingawaythenamesoftheconspirators.

SoldiersofthekingsurroundedHolbeachHouse，intheMidlands，wheretheyknewtheconspiratorstobehiding.Inthefightthatfollowed，fourofthemwereshotdead，includingCatesbyandPercy，whowereactuallykilledbythesamebullet.TheotherswereimprisonedandhangedalongwithGuyFawkeson31stJanuary1606.Thesedays，on5thNovember，childrenalloverBritaincelebrateGuyFawkesNightbybuildinghugebonfiresandlightingfireworks.It’safamilytraditionandanoccasiontoeatpotatoesbakedbytheflames.Thereisalwaysa“guy”ontopofthefire，amodelofGuyFawkes，dressedintheclothesofthe17thcentury.1．FrancisTreshamwrotethelettertohisrelativeto___.A．warnhimofthedangerofbeingkilledB．revealthenamesoftheconspiratorsC．protecttheHouseofLordsD．reporttheplottotheauthorities語篇解讀本文講述的是英國上著名的火藥陰謀，并詳細介紹這一事件的前因后果。FrancisTresham，sentalettertohisrelative，whowasamemberoftheHouseofLords.TheletterwarnedhimnottoattendtheopeningceremonyofParliament.解析細節(jié)理解題?？芍?，F(xiàn)rancisTresham寫信給親戚是警告對方不要去參加開幕式，因為有喪命的危險。故A正確?！掏祿Q概念張冠李戴2．WhatcanwelearnaboutRobertCatesby?A．Hewrotealettertohisrelativeintheauthorities.B．Hewasimprisonedandhanged.C．Hewasresponsibleforlightingthefuses.D．Hewasshotdeadinthefight.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Inthefightthatfollowed，fourofthemwereshotdead，includingCatesbyandPercy，whowereactuallykilledbythesamebullet.”可知，RobertCatesby是在戰(zhàn)斗中被射死的。故D項正確。√偷換概念張冠李戴3．Accordingtothepassage，thetotalnumberofpeopleinvolvedintheplotis______.A．40 B．4C．36 D．13解析數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Itwasheandhiscousin，ThomasWintour，andtwootherfriends，ThomasPercyandJohnWright，whoformedthecenterofthegroup.Theywerejoinedbyninemoremen；amongthemwasGuyFawkes，fromthecityofYorkinthenorthofEngland.”可知，RobertCatesby，ThomasWintour，ThomasPercy，JohnWright再加上另外9個人，所以一共是13人。故D正確?！?.數(shù)字計算題——查讀分析法此類試題在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出事實細節(jié)，但要經(jīng)過具體的計算才能得出正確答案。具體可以是對年代、月份、費用等計算。此類題目宜采用“查讀分析法”，即先閱讀題干，然后對文中相關(guān)的數(shù)字、時間、年代等作出標記，按照一定的規(guī)律分門別類地列出相關(guān)數(shù)字，然后進行簡單的計算。技法點撥4．Whatistherightorderoftheeventdescribedinthepassage?a．Acellar(地窖)wasfound.b．Fourconspiratorswereshot.c．Theletterwaspassedontotheauthorities.d．Therestoftheconspiratorswerehanged.e．Somegunpowderwasprepared.f．Theauthoritiestookaction.A．c→a→e→f→b→d B．e→a→c→f→b→fC．a(chǎn)→e→c→f→b→d D．c→f→a→e→b→d解析事件排序題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“FawkesfoundastoreroomdirectlyundertheHouseofLords”可知首先他們找到了一個地窖；根據(jù)第二句“Theconspiratorsstoredthirty-sixbarrelsofgunpowderthere”可知他們準備了炸藥。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Theletterwaspassedontotheauthorities，whotookaction.”可知信件被當局知道了，并采取了行動。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知四人被射殺，其余人被絞死。故C項順序正確?！蘟ecfbd(3)Whocanhelpyouifyouwanttohaveyourmusicproduced？(年課標全國卷Ⅱ)Thensheheardascream.FrancisTresham，sentalettertohisrelative，whowasamemberoftheHouseofLords.GuyFawkeswasfoundinthecellaronthenightof4thNovemberwiththethirty-sixbarrelsandanumberoffuses.D．Hercommunitybackground.“Iwaskickingittogetitsattention，”Thenherfather.Theywerejoinedbyninemoremen；4．What’sthedirectreasonwhyHonLikinventedtheelectronicAnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.間接辨認不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，還要將獲得的信息用同義或近義的語言形式復述出來。D．Thepoorfinancialconditions.其中，細節(jié)理解題是高考英語閱讀理解考查的重點題型之一，其分值所占比例高達50%，所以如何拿下這“半壁江山”顯得尤為重要。B．2003.把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項(適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目)。B．Hewasimprisonedandhanged.B．RachelCarson.4.排序題——首尾排除法這種試題要求考生根據(jù)事情發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件的正確順序。做此類試題時可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速縮小范圍，從而快速選出正確選項；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按順序逐一排除，得出正確選項。技法點撥A.選項特點1.干擾選項特點(1)將原文內(nèi)容擴大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換，使該選項看似正確。(2)把未然當已然。改變文中某句話的時態(tài)，如把將來時變成現(xiàn)在時，把未發(fā)生的事情當成已發(fā)生的事情。(3)無中生有。即選項內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測得出的結(jié)論，而文中并未涉及。(4)偷換概念。把原來做該事的“張三”換成“李四”。(5)文不對題。(6)符合常識,但不是文章內(nèi)容。(7)部分正確,部分錯誤。歸納總結(jié)A.選項特點2.正確選項特征(1)同義替換，對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞替換。(2)詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。(3)語言簡化。把原文中的復雜語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化，成為正確答案。(4)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項(適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目)。歸納總結(jié)題干原文選項關(guān)鍵詞問什么直接信息間接信息語意轉(zhuǎn)換正確選項查讀對應(yīng)加工整理WhatwasSuedoingwhenshewasattackedbythedeer?A．Shewasdrivinghome.B．Shewasrestingontheroad.C．Shewastakingexercise.D．Shewasfeedingwildanimals.

Sue，a44-year-oldmother，hadbeenoutforhermorningrun.Thedeerfollowedherandedgedcloser.“IknewIwasintrouble，”Suesays.Shewenttopickupastickforself-defense，andthedeercharged.Itliftedherwithitsantlersandthrewherintotheair.Suecouldfeelbloodflewdownherleg.Withinseconds，thedeerhadpushedherofftheroad.√無中生有2．WhatdidAlexisdotosaveSue?A．Shepushedthedeeraway.B．Shehitthedeerwithherfeet.C．Shedrovethecartohitthedeer.D．Shebeatthedeerwithahammer.Alexislookedintothewoman’sterrifiedeyes，andbeforeherfatherhadevenstoppedthecar，theteenagerjumpedquicklyoutofthecarandrantowardthedeer.“Iwaskickingittogetitsattention，”shesays.Thenherfather，whohadfollowedhisdaughter，pushedthedeerawayfromthewoman.√偷換概念張冠李戴文不對題部分正確What'srightorderoftheeventdescribedinthepassage?a.Alexissawadeer.b.TheysavedSueandsenthertoahospital.c.Alexis’sfatherdrovehertoseethewildlife.d.Suewasattackedbyadeer.A.cdabB.cabdC.cadbD.acdbAlexis,17，satquietlyinthepassengerseatofherdad'scar.....“Dad，there’sadeerthere！”Alexissaid.Thensheheardascream...Alexisrealizedthedeerwasattackingawoman.Sue，a44-year-oldmother，......“Iwaskickingittogetitsattention，”Thenherfather...pushedthedeerawayfromthewoman....thenappliedapieceofclothtoSue’sinjuredleg.“We’regoingtogetyoutoahospital...√

語篇解讀：本文介紹了發(fā)明電子煙的前因后果4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“In2003，Chinesepharmacist，HonLikinventedtheelectroniccigaretteasasaferandcleanerwaytobreatheinnicotineafterhisfather，aheavysmoker，passedawayfromlungcancerattributedtosmokingtobaccocigarettes.”可知，在他的父親由于吸煙得肺癌去世之后，HonLik發(fā)明了電子煙。故選D。4．What’sthedirectreasonwhyHonLikinventedtheelectroniccigaretteaccordingtothepassage?A．Tobaccocigarettescausedhealthproblems.B．Tobaccocigarettesweretooexpensiveforcustomerstobuy.C．Quittingsmokingbecameoneofthehardestthingstodo.D．Hisfatherdiedfromlungcancerduetosmokingtobaccocigarettes.√①HonLikappliedforhisfirstpatentontheelectroniccigarette.ButitalsosetofftheMontgmerybusboycott.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.C．2004.GuyFawkeswasfoundinthecellaronthenightof4thNovemberwiththethirty-sixbarrelsandanumberoffuses.C．Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D．The