定語從句學(xué)案

定語從句語法學(xué)案第一講關(guān)系代詞的使用方法學(xué)習(xí)目的：1.認(rèn)識簡樸句和復(fù)合句2.理解定語的概念3.識記定語從句的定義4.關(guān)系代詞(who、whom、which、that、whose)的選用5.只用關(guān)系代詞that等特殊狀況一、簡樸句和復(fù)合句（一）定義1.簡樸句：只有一種主語(或并列主語)和一種謂語(或并列謂語)的句子叫簡樸句。2.復(fù)合句：由一種主句和一種或幾種從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。主句和從句之間由引導(dǎo)詞連接。（二）判斷下面句子，哪個(gè)是簡樸句，哪個(gè)是復(fù)合句，并找出主句和從句。1.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.2.Toswiminthelakeisagreatpleasure.3.Whatweshalldonexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.4.SheaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodo.5.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledreachedmorethan4000.二、復(fù)習(xí)定語（一）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的成分，翻譯成“……的”。形容詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，分詞和定語從句等都可作定語。（二）找出下面的定語1.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.ThegirlreadingabookisMary.4.Thebridgebuiltlastyearcost100milliondollars.5.Thepenwhichyouusedjustnowismine.三、定語從句（一）定義學(xué)習(xí)：定語從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)_______或________的句子叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞背面。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做___________。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做_________________,可以提成關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。Weshouldnotforgetthosewhohaveeverhelpedus.先行詞引導(dǎo)詞/關(guān)系詞定語從句（二）劃出定語從句，然后找出先行詞、關(guān)系詞。Thefilmthatwesawlastnightisverymoving.Heisamanwhoweshouldlearnfrom.ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.Thebookwhosecoverisredismine.ThemanwhomItalkedtojustnowismyuncle.四、學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom/whose的使用方法（一）指代關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)成分指人指代關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)成分指物關(guān)系代詞的作用①連接______②指代_____③充當(dāng)_______（二）練習(xí)，用合適的關(guān)系代詞填空Theoldmanhastwosons____________aredoctors.I’vereadthebook_______________Iborrowedfromthelibrary.Isawawoman____________daughterwasanactor.Thisistheboy____________yousawjustnow.Theflowers________Iplantedlastweekarecomingout.(三)完畢句子。這個(gè)老人有兩個(gè)做老師的女兒。Theoldmanhastwodaughters________________________.正站在那邊的那個(gè)男人是我父親。Thatman______________________________ismyfather.那本紅色封面(cover)的書是我的。Thebook___________________________ismine.【難點(diǎn)突破】（一）觀測例句，歸納使用方法1.Everythingthattheysaidwastrue.2.YoucanreadanybookthatIhave.3.Thewindblewdownthetallesttreethatisinfrontofourschoolgate.4.Tomisthefirstboythatlefttheroom.5.Lookattheboyandhisdogthatarecomingthisway.6.HeistheverypersonthatI’mlookingfor.7.Thereisnotmuchthatwecanhelp.8.Whoisthemanthatyouspoketo?歸納：關(guān)系代詞只能用that的狀況1.先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如：__________________________________________2.先行詞前有_________________________________________________等修飾時(shí)3.先行詞被形容詞____________或_____________修飾4.先行詞中既有_______又有_________時(shí)5.主句是therebe或who/which開頭時(shí)（二）練習(xí)1.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_______Ihaveeverread.2.Thisisthelastchance__________hecantaketowinthegame.3.Youshouldtakeanything_________youwant.4.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons______wewereinterestedin.5.Thisistheverybook______Iamlookingfor.6.Youcantakeanyseat________isfree.（三）、指人時(shí)只用who不用that的狀況1)Those______wanttogotothecomputerroomwriteyournameshere.2)One________careslittleaboutothershasfewfriends.3)He_________doesn’treachtheGreatwallisnotatrueman.歸納：當(dāng)先行詞是______，_______，_____和anyone時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用________。六、綜合練習(xí)：用合適的關(guān)系代詞填空。1.Youmaytakeanythinguseful____________youwant.2.Those_______breakthelawmustbepunished.3.Idon’tknowtheman_______________cameintotheroom.4.Thisistheverybook____________Iamlookingfor.5.Thosepictures_________weredrawnbyTomarenice.6.Nobodywantsthehouse_____________roof（房頂）hasfallen.7.Thisisthefirstplace________Iwanttovisit.8.Thereislittle________Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.9.Whichisthecap___________youhavedecidedtobuy?10.Themanto_____Ispokewasaforeigner.11.All_________hastobedonehasbeendone.12.He_______doesn’treachtheGreatwallisnotatrueman.13.Ihaveaclassmate________parentsareworkinginShenzhen.思索：怎樣對的選用關(guān)系詞？一看：_______________二看：________________七、單項(xiàng)填空：1.Theuniversityisthemostbeautifulone_______Ihaveeverbeento.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.theone2.Fatherrepairedthewindow________glasswasbroken.A.itsB.whichC.ofwhichD.whose3.Thisisthehousethewindow______facessouth.A.itsB.whichC.ofwhichD.whose4.Hetoldusalotabouttheschoolsandteachers_____hehadvisited.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what5.Mr.Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho______inChina.A.workB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hadworking6.Mr.Smithisoneofthoseforeignerswho______inChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hadworking7.Thepancake_____mymothercooksisdelicious.A.thatB.whichC./D.alloftheabove八改錯(cuò)：1.Youmaytakeanythingusefulwhichyouwant.2.Theoldmanhastwosonswhoisdoctors.3.Thosethatbreakthelawmustbepunished.4.Ihavereadallthebookswhichwereborrowedfromthelibrary.5.InfrontofmeIsawawomanherdaughterwasanactor.6.ThisistheverybookwhichIamlookingfor.7.Themanwhoareshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.第二講關(guān)系副詞及非限制性定語從句的使用方法學(xué)習(xí)目的1.辨別關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，并掌握關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的使用方法2.掌握“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的使用方法3.辨別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句一.學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系副詞的使用方法（一）朗誦下面句子，找出定語從句和關(guān)系副詞并歸納使用方法。1.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.2.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.3.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.4.Thepartsofthetownwheretheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.5.ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasmyhardwork.歸納：關(guān)系副詞包括：________、_________、_________，在句子中充當(dāng)狀語。（二）用合適的關(guān)系副詞填空1.Thisisthehouse_______weusedtolive.2.Iwilltakeyoutothenewmuseum_______youcanseemanythings.3.Wearelivinginanage________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.4.Thereason_________hewaslateisunknown.（三）完畢句子1.這是昨天發(fā)生火災(zāi)的房子。Thisisthehouse____________________________________________.2.我昨晚抵達(dá)的時(shí)間是9點(diǎn)鐘。_________________________________________was9clock..3.他不來的原因是他生病了。__________________________________wasthathewasill.（四）用合適的介詞填空1.Thisisthehouse_____whichweusedtolive.2.Thisistheschool_____whichIstudied10yearsago.3.Theroof_______whichIusuallysitcollapsed(倒塌)lastnight.4.Hehastoldmetheday______whichhewillcome.5.Thereason_______whichhewaslateisunknown.歸納：關(guān)系副詞=_______+which(注：why=______which)指代關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)成分時(shí)間______=介詞+which狀語地點(diǎn)______=介詞+which狀語原因______=for+which狀語三、“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)定語從句的使用方法1.Hespent3yearsinHarvardUniversityin________hestudiedphysics.2.Thisistheteacherfrom________Iborrowthebook.歸納一：介詞后的關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)看先行詞：先行詞指人時(shí)用______;先行詞指物時(shí)用_________。3.Don’tbringthechildrentoseetheanimals____whichtheyareafraid.4.Heisagoodstudent_____whomIliketotalk.歸納二：關(guān)系代詞whom,which前介詞的選擇(1)由先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配;(2)從句謂語動詞的搭配。練習(xí)：用which/that或介詞填空1.Iwillneverforgetthedayon________Ijoinedthearmy.2.Doyoulikethesingerabout_________sheoftentalks.3.Themoment____whichImadethedecisionisexciting. 4.Haveyoufoundthebook_________whichwelearntalot?四、關(guān)系代詞和副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的使用方法（一）比較下面三組句子的不一樣1.Istillrememberthedayswhenwestudiedinmiddleschool.2.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespentintheisland.3.Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisverybig.4.Thefactorywhich/thatisnearmyhomeisverybig.5.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisunknown.6.Thereasonwhich/thathetoldusisacceptable.歸納：關(guān)系副詞在句子中充當(dāng)____________關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)___________________。用合適的關(guān)系詞填空提醒：從句缺主語或賓語用關(guān)系代詞，缺狀語用副詞Thisistheplace_________Ioncelived.(缺_______語)Thisistheplace_________Ioncevisited.(缺_______語)Istillremembertheyear__________westudied.(缺_______語)Istillremembertheyear___________wespent.(缺_______語)Thereason________hegavemesoundedreasonable.(缺______語)Thereason________heleftschoolsoundedreasonable.(缺____語)五、理解限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別Ihavetwobookswhich/thatareaboutscience.(限制性定從)(Ihavemorethantwobooks)我有兩本有關(guān)科學(xué)的書Ihavetwobooks,whichareaboutscience.(非限制性定從)(Ihaveonlytwobooks)我有兩本書，它們是有關(guān)科學(xué)的限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺乏的定語，假如去掉，主句的意思就不完整。寫時(shí)不能用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不十分親密，只是對先行詞作些附加的闡明，假如去掉，主句的意思仍然清晰。從句和主句之間往往有逗號分開，不能用that引導(dǎo)。六、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.2._____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.歸納：as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，但定語從句位于句首時(shí)，只能用___意為“正如”，如asisknowntoall.七、定語從句解題環(huán)節(jié)：1.找出定語從句（限制性還是非限制性）2.找出先行詞，判斷其是人、物還是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因3.判斷關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分（主、賓、表、定、狀）4.排查特殊狀況八、用合適的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1Thisisthetown___________Ispentmychildhood.2Iwillneverforgettheday__________NewChinawasfounded.3Theschool___________hestudieswasbuiltlastyear.4Thereason__________hedidn’tcometoclassisthathewasill.5Idon’tliketheway___________hetalks.6Thiswasatime__________youhadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinthecity.7Thestoryhappenedonaday__________waswetandcold.8Thestoryhappenedonaday________theweatherwaswetandcold.9Theplace__________intereststhechildrenmostisDisneyland.10Theplace_________youstayedfor3yearsisnowapark.鞏固練習(xí)一、選擇題1.Thereisonlyonething________Icando.A.what B.thatC.allD.which2.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_______washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./3.Thetwothings_____theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDelia'shair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhich CinwhichD.forwhich4.Isthisthefactory_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.that B.where C.inwhichD.theone5.Isthisthefactory______heworkedtenyearsago?A.that B.where C.whichDtheone6.Hewaslateagain,_____madetheteacherangry.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what7.______isknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It8.I’lltellyou________hetoldmelastweek.Aallwhich B.that C.allthatD.which9.Thattree,_______branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhich C.inwhichD.onwhich10.Ihaveboughtthesamedress________sheiswearing.A.as B.that C.whichD.what11. Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceedAlearn B.who CthatlearnsD.wholearn 12. Ihavemanybooks,someof_______areonchemistry.A.whichB.thatC.themD.those13. Hehastwosonsand_______workaschemists.A.bothofthem Bbothofwhom CbothofwhichD.allofwhom14.Fortunatelywehadamap,without____wecouldhavegotlost.A.whatB.whichC.itD.that15.Theworkwasmakingprogress____wehadexpected.A.asB.whichC.thatD.than二、完畢句子1.他沒有通過考試，這是他父親很生氣。Hefailedintheexamination,___________________________________. 2.剛剛和你談話的那個(gè)人是我朋友。Theman_____________________________________justnowismyfriend.3.你記得我們一起打籃球的日子嗎？Doyourememberthedays___________________________________________.4.這就是你不喜歡他的原因嗎？Isthisthereason___________________________________________.5.8年前他讀書的那間學(xué)校倒塌了。Theschool_________________________________________waspulleddown.改錯(cuò)Doyoustillremembertheschoolwhichwevisitedthepaintingexhibition?2.I’llneverforgetthelastdaywhichwespenttogether.3.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomewasbecausehewasill.4.Thereweremanyboys,oneofwhoisLiMing.5.Shecamehomelateagain,itmadehermotherworriedagain.四．高考真題，用合適的關(guān)系詞填空。1.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto______hewastryingtotalk,...（）2.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder______hadbeenhisteacher.（）3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter(柜臺)_______someattractivetieswereondisplay.（）4.Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilo