系解筆記(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊神經(jīng)1)

教學內(nèi)容：神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論目的要求：1.掌握神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的區(qū)分，神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)常用術語。2.熟悉神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的活動方式。3.了解神經(jīng)元的構造、分類。NervousSystem總論1.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Nervoussystem的區(qū)分中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Centralnervoussystem(CNS：腦n髓Sld統(tǒng)Plnervoussystem)：經(jīng)lnerve、腦神經(jīng)Cranialnerve、內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)Visceralnerve.統(tǒng)Plnervoussystem:

分：軀體經(jīng)Somacnerve、內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)Visceralnerve

據(jù)：感覺神經(jīng)Sensorynerve(傳入神經(jīng)Afferentnerve). Nerstm 運動經(jīng)Motornerve(經(jīng)Eftner. Nerstm 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的基本組織是神經(jīng)組織神經(jīng)組織由神經(jīng)元neuron和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)neuroglia組成;神經(jīng)元Neuron的構神經(jīng)元neuron位.⑴神經(jīng)元Neuro神經(jīng)元Neuron的構胞體元Neuron突起

樹突Dendrite軸突An⑵神經(jīng)元Neuron類

據(jù)神經(jīng)元突起目:極元Pseudounipolar neuron雙極元Bpolr neuron多神經(jīng)元Multipolarneuron突Perihrlproeses和中樞突Centralprceses

向:入覺元Afet(sensory)neuron傳出動元Et(r )neuron中間聯(lián)絡元Intemdae(asoitn)neuron⑶神經(jīng)纖維Nervefer包。⑷突觸Synapse經(jīng)效特他實與訊。.語⑴灰質(zhì)Graymaer經(jīng)集管灰而。⑵皮質(zhì)Cortex大面。⑶神經(jīng)核Nucleus元。⑷質(zhì)Whitemaer神，色。⑸髓質(zhì)Medulla和的。⑹纖維束Fasciculus同。⑺神節(jié)Ganglon神的。覺和動節(jié)⑻神經(jīng)Nerve在成經(jīng)。胞體Celldy 神經(jīng)纖NerefberCNS灰質(zhì)Greymatter神經(jīng)Nucleus皮質(zhì)CortexPNS神經(jīng)Ganglion

白Whitematter纖維Fasciculus髓質(zhì)Medulla神經(jīng)Nerve5.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的活動方式⑴神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的基本活動方式是反射reflex，反射的結構基礎是反射弧reflexar.射括:感受器Recetr傳入經(jīng)Afferentnerve樞Ceer傳出經(jīng)Effert nerve效應器Er舉：反：叩髕韌帶 股四梭器) 經(jīng)(纖維) 脊髓樞)神經(jīng)纖維) 四肌器)縮教學內(nèi)容：脊神經(jīng)目的要求：1.腋分。.背神，神。.。統(tǒng)PeripheralNervousSystem(PNS)腦神經(jīng)Cranialnerves:12對,與腦相連；主要分布于頭面.脊神經(jīng)Spinalnerves:31對,與脊髓相連；主要分布于四肢、軀.內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)Vlnerves:心血管和腺體等.脊神經(jīng)Spinalnerves1.構成連根合。根Anrt：性性根Porrt：性節(jié)Spialgngin。.：頸神經(jīng)Cervicalnerves(C) 8經(jīng)Thorccnerves(T)2腰神經(jīng)Lumbarnerves)5經(jīng)Sarlnerves(S) 5尾神經(jīng)Coccygealnerves(0) 1經(jīng)Spinlnerves出椎管ll徑:C1：方C2C孔C8：第7孔T1—5椎孔S1—4孔S5C0管.分:感維Smicsensoryfbr感維Vlsensoryr運維Soaicmoorfbr運維Vlrr.支:脊膜支Meniglbrch交通支Communicationbrch后支Posterirbrac腰顯。支Anteirbrach肢

支rs叢除胸神支Anteirbracesofthraicnerves大部分外，可形成4：頸叢Cervicalplexus臂叢Brachilpleus腰叢Lubrls骶叢Sacrlpls頸叢Cervicalplexus1.組：C4前支.：胸突的。.：頸皮和。.支:

皮支小經(jīng)Lesrcilnerve經(jīng)Gretauricularnerve頸橫神經(jīng)Transversenervefk鎖骨上神經(jīng)Sup