中國傳統(tǒng)文化-瓷器-(英文)

ChinameansporcelainＬｉＹａｎｇ李揚1、Foreword2、Theoriginofporcelain（瓷器）3、Thedevelopmentofporcelain4、TheprocessingproceduresofporcelainContent

InEnglish,chinameansporcelain，therefore，itisobviouslythatChinaisthehometownofchina.Theinventionofchinaisagreatcontributiontoworldcivilization.ForewordAroundthe16thcenturyBCinShangDynasty,theearlyChineseporcelainappeared.Asitwasstillroughonthefiringprocess,itcanbe

onlycalledproto-porcelain.proto-porcelain原始瓷器OriginProto-porcelainappearedintheShangDynasty,then

fromtheWesternZhouDynasty,theWarringStatestotheEasternHanDynasty,throughthe1600years’changeanddevelopment,Porcelainfiringtechnologyhadbeenimprovedgradually.DevelopmentofPorcelainIt’satransitionalperiodthattheoriginalceladon(青瓷)tomatureceladon,inthehistoryofourcountry'spotteryitwasanimportantmilestone.

HandynastyJinandsouthernandnortherndynastiesceladon（青瓷）

Blackporcelain（黑瓷）、whiteporcelain（白瓷）Manycolourporcelain（多色彩瓷）ChangingChangingTojin,originalporcelainhadbeeneliminated,atthesametimeappearedcolourporcelain.Theperiodalsoappearedblackporcelain.SuitangdynastyThisperiodwashighlycivilizedinthefieldoftri-colored(三彩）glazed（釉的）pottery.唐三彩Songporcelainhadanewimprovementonglaze(釉)andproductiontechnology.

Porcelaintechnologyhadreachedfullmaturitylevel.Acleardivisionoflaborhadappeared.ThedevelopmentofporcelaininChinaisanimportantstage.SongMainkindsinSongdaynasty,

classificationbykilns(窯口）Rukiln(汝窯)Guankiln（官窯）Gekiln（哥窯）Junkiln（鈞窯）Dingkiln（定窯）SongDynastyisthehighestaesthetic（美學的）eraofporcelain.FromRukilnFromGuankilnFromElderbrotherkiln(哥窯八方碗

)

FromDingkilnFromJunkilnSuccessfullyfiringthe

exquisite（精致的）whiteglazeporcelainandthesingle-glazeporcelainwithcopper（銅）asthecoloringagent（色劑）,

madetheMingDynastyporcelaincolorful.Theporcelaintechnologycontinuedtoimprove.MingDynastyBlueandwhiteporcelain(青花瓷）ThebestblueandwhiteporcelainwasmadeinJingdezheninJiangxiProvinceduringtheYuanDynasty.YuanDynastyIntheQingDynasty,porcelainfiringtechnologyhadreachedthetoplevelofthehistory.Anewkindofporcelain,whichcalledenamel(琺瑯器),hadapeared.QingDynastyHowmanyprocedurestogothrough?FormingGlazingDecorationFiringProcessingproceduresofPorcelainFormingThepotterfirstneedstoshapepotteryonapotter'swheel.Butitisnotaneasyjobbecausethematerialusedtomakingchinaisinlowplasticity.Soitisdifficulttoshapetheclay.Inthecaseofthrowingonapotter’swheel(陶輪)itcanbeseenaspullingclayupwardsandoutwardsintoarequiredshape.Theprocessofthrowingisinfactoneofremarkablecomplexity.GlazingForthemostpartareglazedfordecorativepurposesandtomakethemresistanttodirtandstaining.DecorationPorcelainwaresmaybedecoratedundertheglazeusingpigmentsthatincludecobalt(鈷做的深藍色)andcopperorovertheglazeusingcoloredenamels(琺瑯,瓷釉).FiringInthisprocess,green(unfired)ceramicwaresareheatedtohightemperaturesinakilntopermanentlysettheirshapes.Porcelainisfired