2020年度職稱英語等級考試試題及答案理工類B級

職稱英語等級考試試題及答案理工類B級

資料僅供參考

職稱英語等級考試試題及答案-理工類B級

第一部分：詞匯選項（第1—15題，每題1分，

共15分）

下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或

短語畫有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個

選項中選擇1個與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或

短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

1.Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajor

impactontravelpreferences.

AforceBinfluence

CsurpriseDpower

2.Canyoufollowtheplot?

AchangeBinvestigate

CwriteDunderstand

資料僅供參考

3.Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,

manualworkisstillneeded.

AphysicalBmental

CnaturalDhard

4.Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbe

seriousindeed.

AresultBjudgment

CdecisionDevent

5.NormanBlarneyisanartistofdeep

convictions.

AstatementsBbeliefs

CsuggestionsDclaims

資料僅供參考

6.Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.

ASoBSolong

CSothatDSofar

7.Thereportadvocatedsettingupday

trainingcolleges.

AsupposedBexcited

CsuggestedDdiscussed

8.Accordingly,anumberofothermethods

havebeenemployed.

AThereforeBAfterwards

CHoweverDFurthermore

9.Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountain

isbreathtaking.

資料僅供參考

AviewBsight

ClookDpoint

10.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwith

theirs.

AtenselyBnearly

CcarefullyDclosely

11.Theunionrepresentativeputacrossher

argumentveryeffectively.

AexplainedBinvented

CconsideredDaccepted

12.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

AheavyBstrong

資料僅供參考

CkindDwild

13.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemerits

ofthispolicy.

AmakingBtaking

CdiscussingDexpecting

14.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeall

thatwearecapableofproducing.

AwasteBbuy

CuseDsell

15.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140

liters.

AfunctionBability

資料僅供參考

CpowerDvolume

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，

共7分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請

根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句

提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；如

果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂

黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題

卡上把C涂黑。

TheThreattoKiribati

ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatone

dayinthenot-too-distantfuture,their

countrywilldisappearfromthefaceofthe

earth-literally.Severaltimesthisyear,

thePacificislandnationhasbeenflooded

byasuddenhightide.Thesetides,which

sweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,

資料僅供參考

camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.

“Thisneverhappenedbefore,saythe

oldercitizensofKiribati.

Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?

Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.When

fuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,

pollutants（污染物）arereleased;these

pollutantstrapheatintheearth's

atmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewater

toexpandandalsocreatemorewaterby

meltingglaciers（冰川）andpolar（極地的）

icecaps.

Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,many

countrieswillsuffer,Bangladesh,for

example,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.

Thecoral（珊瑚）islandnationsofthe

Pacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshall

Islands,however,wouldfaceanevenworse

fate-theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.

Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbe

資料僅供參考

everyone?sloss.Coralformationsarehome

tomorespeciesthananyotherplaceon

earth.

Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.

Thesea,onwhichtheireconomieshave

alwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreatening

theirexistence.Theydon'thavethemoney

forexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslike

seawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthe

pollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainly

byactivitiesinlargeindustrialized

countries.Alltheycandoistohopethat

industrializedcountrieswilltakestepsto

reducepollution.

16.ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatoneday

theircountrywillbetakenawaybyasudden

hightide.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

資料僅供參考

17.HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhen

therewasstrongwindorheavyrain.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18.Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoal

isthedirectcauseofglobalwarming.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19.Scientistsarenotsurehowseriousthe

effectsofglobalwarmingwillbe.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20.ThecoralislandnationsofthePacific

havealonghistoryofcivilization.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21.Thepeopleofthecoralislandnations

areunabletodoanythingsubstantialabout

資料僅供參考

theproblemofglobalwarming.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22.Someindustrializedcountriesare

unwillingtospendmoneyinreducing

pollution.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分:概括大意與完成句子(第23—30題,

每題1分，共8分)

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：

(1)第23-26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第

2、3、5和6段每段選擇1個正確的小標題；

(2)第27—30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇

4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂

在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

資料僅供參考

Robots

1Themostsophisticated（先進的）Japanese

robots,whichhavevisionsystemsandwork

atveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedon

Americandesigns.Studiesofrobots,

particularlycomputercontrolsoftware,are

consideredtobegenerallylessadvancedin

JapanthaninAmericaorEurope.

2Althoughindustrialrobotswere

originallydevelopedasdevicesforsimply

handlingobjects,todaytheircommonest

usesareformoreskilledworklikewelding

（焊接），spray-paintingandassembling

components.

3InBritain,robotsalesappropriately

peakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningever

since.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwage

ratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinancially

資料僅供參考

attractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnow

havemoreexperiencewithrobotsandare

moreawareofthedifficultiesof

introducingthemeffectively.

4Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotuses

onaverageabout100timesmoreenergythan

ahumantodoanequivalentjob.

5Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbook

heroesinJapanarerobots.Thisisan

enormousnumberbecausecomicsareso

popularthattheymakeupathirdofall

materialpublishedinJapan.

6Thereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredin

theirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetweenfailures.

Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthe

mid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday

(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwo

years.)Onewayrobotmanufacturershave

increasedreliabilityistotestevery

資料僅供參考

singlecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthe

normalprocedureofjusttestingasmall

sample.

7Thebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducing

robotsclaimedbyJapanesecompaniesisthat

theyincreasequalitycontrol.Once

programmed,therobotscanworkmore

accuratelyandconsistentlythanhumans,

whocangettiredandbored.

AOngoingResearch

BExtensionofUse

CRobotHeroes

DGreaterReliability

EFallingDemand

資料僅供參考

FHiddenDanger

23.Paragraph2

24.Paragraph3

25.Paragraph5

26.Paragraph6

27.EventhemostsophisticatedJapanese

robotsare.

28.RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintoday

partlybecause.

29.Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthat

theyconsume.

30.Theuseofrobotsincreases

資料僅供參考

Atoomuchenergy

BbasedonAmericandesigns

Ctheyaretoocostly

Dtheyarenotreliable

Equalitycontrol

Ffreeofcharge

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31—45題，每題3分,

共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題

后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所

給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡

相應(yīng)的位置上。

第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorld

資料僅供參考

Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople

-nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages

-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.The

originalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromthe

seedsofthecocatree（可可樹）bySouth

AmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedit

totherestoftheworldduringthe1500's.

Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,it

quicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,

shopswherechocolatedrinkswereserved

becameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestill

existtoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around

1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPeruto

Europe,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.

Irelandbecamesodependentonitthat

thousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthe

cropfailedduringtheaPotatoFamine（饑

荒）”of1845-1846,andthousandsmorewere

forcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmoveto

資料僅供參考

America.

Therearemanyotherfoodsthathave

traveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.

Butsomeotherswentintheopposite

direction.Brazilisnowtheworld's

largestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisan

importantcropinColombiaandotherSouth

Americancountries.Butitisnativeto

Ethiopia,acountryinAfrica.Itwasfirst

madeintoadrinkbyArabduringthe1400's.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewas

discoveredwhenapersonnameKaldinoticed

thathisgoatswereattractedtothered

berriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneand

experiencedthe“wide-awake“feelingthat

one-thirdoftheworld?spopulationnow

startsthedaywith.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthe

followinghaschangedthemostinthelast

資料僅供參考

500years?

A.Food

B.Clothing

C.Ideology.

D.Language.

32."Some"inthelastsentenceofthe

firstparagraphrefersto

A.somecocoatrees.

B.somechocolatedrinks.

C.someshops.

D.somesouthamericanindians.

33.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduring

資料僅供參考

the“PotatoFamine”because

A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthat

theyrefusedtoeatanythingelse.

B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomeland

andmovetoamerica.

C.theweatherconditionsinirelandwere

notsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.

D.thepotatoharvestwasbad.

34.Whichcountryisthelargestcoffee

producer?

A.Brazil.

B.Colombia.

C.Ethiopia.

資料僅供參考

D.Egypt.

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOT

true,accordingtothepassage?

A.Onethirdoftheworld'spopulation

drinkscoffee.

B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.

C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.

D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

第二篇PleaseFastenYourSeatbelts

Severeturbulence（湍流）cankillaircraft

passengers.Now,intestflightsoverthe

RockyMountains,NASA（美國航空航天局）

engineershavesuccessfullydetected

clear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbefore

anaircrafthitsit.

資料僅供參考

Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilots

bysurprise.Invisibletoradar,itis

difficulttoforecastandcanhurl（用力拋

出去）passengersaboutthecabin.In

December1997,onepassengerdiedanda

hundredotherswereinjuredwhenunexpected

roughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflight

overthePacifictodrop300metresinafew

seconds.

However,passengerscanavoidserious

injurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts."Itis

theonlyantidote（對策）forthissortof

things,“saysRodBogue,projectmanagerat

NASA'sDrydenFlightResearchCenterin

Edwards,California.

Thecentresnewturbulencedetectoris

basedonlidar,orlaserradar,Laserpulses

aresentaheadoftheplaneandtheseare

thenreflectedbackbyparticlesintheair.

資料僅供參考

ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.

Thewavelengthofthelightshiftsaccording

tothespeedatwhichtheparticlesare

approaching.Incalmair,thespeedequals

theplane'sairspeed.Butastheparticles

swirl（打漩）inroughair,theirspeedof

approachincreasesordecreasesrapidly.

Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondsto

theseverity（激烈程度）oftheturbulence.

Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmonth,

aresearchjetflewrepeatedlyinto

disturbedairoverthemountainridges（lli

脈）nearPueblo,Colorado.Thelidar

detectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8

kilometresahead,anditsforecastsof

strengthanddurationcorrespondedclosely

withtheturbulencethattheplane

encountered.

Boguesaysthathehad“acomfortable

amountoftime“tofastenhisseatbelt.The

資料僅供參考

researchersareplanningtoimprovethe

lidar'srangewithamorepowerfulbeam.

Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercial

aircraftinthenextfewyears.

36.Whatdoesaclear-airturbulence^

probablymean?(Paragraph1)

AAnotveryroughstorm.

BUnexpecteddisturbedair.

CAkindofvisiblestorm.

DAstormovermountainridges.

37.InDecember1997,aUnitedAirlines

flighthitunexpectedroughair,

Acausingalotofdamagetotheplane.

Bthrowingitspassengersoutofthecabin.

資料僅供參考

Cresultinginheavycasualties.

Dforcingthepilottomakeanemergency

landing.

38.Theturbulencedetectorcantellthe

severityoftheturbulencebymeasuring

Athespeedoftheplane.

Bthespeedofthelight.

Cthenumberofparticlesintheair.

Dthechangesoftheparticles'speed.

39.Wecaninferfromthefifthparagraph

that

Athelidardetectorcansuccessfully

forecastturbulence.

資料僅供參考

Bresearchersarenotsureaboutthe

effectivenessofthelidardetector.

Cpassengerplaneswillbeusedinfurther

experiments.

Dnomoretestflightsareneeded.

40.Thelastparagraphtellsus,amongother

things,that

Athelidardetectorneedsimprovement.

Bmanyairlinesareinterestedinthe

system.

Cpassengersoftenforgettofastentheir

seatbelts.

Dthelidardetectorcanbeusedinawide

rangeofareas.

資料僅供參考

第三篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganew

generationofriceplantsthatwillbeable

togrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Their

workmayenableabandonedfarmstobecome

productiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussex

University'sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,

havespentseveralyearsresearchinghow

crops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrow

inwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-year

programme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyand

BiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,to

establishwhichgenesenablesomeplantsto

survivesaltyconditions.Theaimisto

breedthiscapabilityintocrops,starting

withrice.

資料僅供參考

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100

hectares（公頃）ofagriculturallandare

lostbecausesaltgetsintothesoiland

stunts（妨礙生長）plants.Theproblemis

causedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,

mangroves（紅樹林）thatcreateswamps（沼

澤）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstosea

waterhavebeencutdown.Inthe

Mediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshave

causedthewatertabletodrop,allowingsea

watertoseep（滲透）in.inLatinAmerica,

irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwater

isevaporated（蒸發(fā)）bytheheat,leaving

saltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsand

preventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavy

concentrationsofmineralsintheplants

stopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedto

survive.

資料僅供參考

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeo

decidedtobreedriceplantsthattakein

verylittlesaltandstorewhattheydo

absorbincellsthatdonotaffectthe

plants'growth.Theyhavestartedtobreed

thesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,

butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbefore

theresultingseedsarereadytobe

consideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurviving

saltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowill

trytobreedtheappropriategenesintoall

mannersofcropsandplants.Landthathas

beenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeable

tobloomagain,providingmuchneededfood

inthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

41Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout

FlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

資料僅供參考

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionof

higherlearning.

42FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthin

saltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfrom

soil.

43WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned

asacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthe

資料僅供參考

passage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeen

destroyed.

BThewatertablehasgonedownafter

droughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.

44Theword“affect“inParagraph6could

bebestreplacedby

A“influence”

B“effect”

C“stop”

D“present”

資料僅供參考

45Theattitudeoftheauthortowardsthe

researchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.

第5部分：補全短文（第46-50題，每題2分,

共10分）

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面

有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，

將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

LookingintotheFuture

資料僅供參考

BertrandRussell,afamousphilosopher,

saidin1944,“Theonethingthestudyof

thepastteachesusisthatthefutureis

neverhowpeopleimagineitwillbe.”

In1946,physicistspredictedthatwithin

twentyyears,mostoftheworld'senergy

wouldbesuppliedbynuclearpower.

(46)In1951,afamoussurgeon

saidthatheandhiscolleagueswere

confidentthat“bytheendofthe1950s,a

cureformostifnotallcancerswillhave

beenfound."In1954,anAmericaneconomist

predictedAmericanswouldgoongetting

richerandricher.(47).

Intheyear1969,anautomationengineer

workingforMaxFactorCosmeticsinBritain

saidthat“withintwentyortwenty-five

yearsfactoriesthattodayemployhundreds

ofworkerswillneedonlyfiveorten

資料僅供參考

computertechnicianstorunthem.”

_____________(48).

Intheearly1970s,thereweremany

predictionsthatbeforetheendofthe

centurymosthomesintheUnitedStates,

EuropeandJapanwouldhavecomputersin

them.(49)

Longbefore1980,itwaspredictedthat

insteadoflettingnatureandluckchoose

theirchildren'scharacteristics,people

wouldhavetodecidewhichcharacteristics

theywantedtheirchildrentoinheritfrom

themandpreviousgenerationsintheir

families.(50)Wemaybeable

tohave“undesirable“characteristics

changedordestroyedthroughgenetic

therapy.Perhapswemayevenbegintowish

thatBertrandRussellwasrightwhenhesaid

thathistoryteachesusthatthefutureis

neverlikethatfutureweimagine.

資料僅供參考

A“Bytheendofthecentury,“hesaid,

atherewillbenopovertyanywhereinthe

country.”

BIfthispredictioncomestrue,wewillbe

facedwithamuchgreaterresponsibility

thaneverbefore.

CAccordingtothesamepredictions,this

wouldresultin“aninformation

explosion“aswellas“radicaland

revolutionarychangesinthewaywework,

learn,anddobusiness.”

DWhenthispredictioncametrue,more

peoplewouldbekilledthaneverbefore.

ETheywerecertainthatthiswouldnotonly

be“farcleanerthancoalandotherfossil

fuelsbutfarsaferandmuchcheaper.”

資料僅供參考

FHeaddedthatthis“willleadtoenormous

socialproblemsforunskilledmanual

workersinparticular,whowillbeunableto

findwork.”

第6部分：完形填空（第51—65題，每題1分,

共15分）

閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白

給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項

中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置

上。

TheAmericanFamily

IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwife

usuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.

Whenthechildrenare（51）

enough,theytakepartaswell.Foreigners

areoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness

（寬容）ofAmericanparents.Theoldrule

資料僅供參考

that“childrenshouldbeseenandnot

heard”israrely(52),andchildren

areoftenallowedtodo(53)

theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheir

parents.Thefatherseldomexpectshis

childrentolistentohim(54)

question,andchildrenareencouragedtobe

(55)atanearlyage.Some

peoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarry

thisfreedom(56)far.Others

thi