2009年12月英語四級考試真題及參

PartⅠWriting(30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:CreatingaGreenCampusCollegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedGoodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialButwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashingtonD.Cforexamplesaidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5millionintoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pamadeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.NotallcollegesoffermeritaidgenerallythemoreselectiveaschoolthelesslikelyitistodosoHarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility(資格)havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenroll“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicadeanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus異口同聲)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.“Noonecantakeone-sidedactionsaysLairdwhoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption(豁免federalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaid“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐贈meanwhileistakingapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedMerit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.ArtisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticareaThisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(選輯)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcolleges.C)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionWhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsIttriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidItadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidItcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedyThechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidis improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirC)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton, itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsitgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicit’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsit’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordtheInrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddue C)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools’improvedfinancialWhatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidTheywouldliketoseeitTheyregarditasanecessaryTheythinkitdoesmoreharmthanTheyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classWhydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidWithrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedManystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonAnnualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipients Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewhotheirexceptionalathleticperformance.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir inaparticularartisticfieldPartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingInfamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalThescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutterance話語oftheparents,thenumberofdifferenttheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesorproportionofquestionsasked.Finally,theresearchers51thechildren’sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Thepredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother’slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersare53whythefather’sspeech,andnotthemother’s,hadan“It’swell54thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren’sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn’tmeasureinthestudy.”A) B) C) D) E) F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)O)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingThroughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepamanEvenintheworldofmake-believeblackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rollingoversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-marriedalcoholic(酗酒的)Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLadyManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉著),confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheSheservesasarolemodelforAfricanShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-AmericanShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-AmericanTheyarevictimsofviolence.B)TheyareofaninferiorC)Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.D)TheyliveoncharityandsocialWhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanswriteaboutintheirWhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherHowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicHowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteWhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstHowevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainHoweverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseHelpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackHelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingFullydisplayherfineQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingWhennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教務(wù)長)ofYale,who’llbecomeOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversitypresidentinAmerica.Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresidentitwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活動家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.Inthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialOfcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.WhatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedintheAlotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasThepoliticalcorrectness.B)TheirabilitytoraiseWhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromtheThetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingMostoftheirrevenuescomefromthe shewasknowntobegoodatraisingshecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithsheknewhowtoattractstudentsInwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversityTheywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalTheywillviewalotofthingsfromanewTheycansetupnewacademicPartⅠ和諧的人文環(huán)境和社會績效。在深入理解概念的基礎(chǔ)上，考生還應(yīng)對“綠色校園”的重要性進(jìn)行剖析，這時，考CreatingaGreenRecently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”hasbecomeamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusplaysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefinitelyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.【豐富的短語】bringbenefitto帶來利益;playacrucialrolein發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用;undertheburdenof在……重負(fù)下;cometrue實現(xiàn);callfor要求。正確拼寫詞性及詞義錯誤的拼寫focusn.焦點effectn.effectionenvironmentn.envirment/invironmentburdenn.負(fù)擔(dān)burdonsolvev.解決sloveseriousa.seroustruea.真的turesocietyn.theoryn.言表達(dá)合格的核心。來源:恒星英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)realizebeawareofWe’dbetterbeawareoftheseriousnessofpollutionaroundus.keeppreserveItisnecessarytoeducatethestudentstobeconsciousoftheimportancetopreservetheenvironment.有l(wèi)eadconductThiswillhelpconducttheactivitiesofthecollegestudents.Theconstructionof“agreencampus”willgreatlystimulatestudentstotakepartinvariousenvironmentalprotectionactivities.建設(shè)“綠色校園”將會極大激勵學(xué)生參與環(huán)境保護(hù)。Campusconstructionisofvitalimportancenotonlytothephysicaldevelopmentofstudentsbuttotheirmentalhealthaswell.校園建設(shè)不僅對學(xué)生的身體發(fā)展很重要，而且對他們的心理健康也很重要。Thereislittledoubtthatfurtherconsiderationmustbepaidtoourgreencampus.毫無疑問，對于綠色devastationn.毀壞disastrousa.損失慘重的doomv.厄運，毀滅existencen.存在，生活healthfula.健康的messya.participationn.preservev.preventivea.預(yù)防性的purifyv.澄清，凈化stimulationn.激勵，鼓舞arouseconsciousness喚起意識除了審題恰當(dāng)獨到，還要有扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)。如本文主題“綠色校園可以采用多種表達(dá)：greencampus和aidn①幫助，援助②助手v.【用】financialaid經(jīng)濟援助;meritaid/Merit-based獎學(xué)金;need-basedaid助學(xué)金或經(jīng)濟資助;foreignaid外援，對外援助;hearingaid助聽器;aidsandappliances用具，設(shè)備【搭】inaidto用來幫助，起……作用;leadone’saidto)援助，給予幫助;inaidof作為援助……之用【拓】aidancen協(xié)助，幫助;aidanta.幫助的;aideda..【用】ProjectHope希望工程;projectmanager項目經(jīng)理;projectplan項目規(guī)劃;projectbudget項目預(yù)算，工程預(yù)算【拓】projectionn.突出，發(fā)射;projectinga.突出的selectivea.【用】selectiveanalysis重點分析;selectivebreedingselectv.挑選，選拔a.精選的;selectionn.選擇，挑選，選集packagen.包裹;a.【用】packagedesign包裝設(shè)計;packageagreement一攬子安排，一攬子方案;packageholiday(旅行社安排一切的)一攬子旅游;packagetour包辦旅行(路線、地點、時間和費用等均作統(tǒng)一規(guī)定和安排的旅游);packageprogram組裝程序【拓】packn.包裝，背包v.包裝，壓緊;packageda.袋裝的;packagern.打包機rankinga.頭等的;n.【用】rankinglist排名;rankingmethod等級法，排序法【拓】rankn等級;隊列;v.grantv;n【用】grantofapatent授予專利權(quán)【搭】take…forgranted認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然;Granted/Granting即使……(也)【拓】grantsn補助金，津貼(grant的復(fù)數(shù)enrolv.【搭】enrolin選課，參加【拓】enrollmentn登記，入伍;enrolleen.eliminatev.【用】eliminateilliteracy掃盲;eliminatepoverty消除貧困;eliminatenoise消除噪聲【拓】eliminate是指把已進(jìn)入者從中排除;excludev.指把想進(jìn)入者拒之門外.a.excelv.n計算機]【搭】toexcelin/at(在某方面)勝過(或超過)別人;toexcelinmusicexcellenta.極好的，卓越的;excellencen.優(yōu)秀，長處submitv使服從，提交【用】submitoneselftodiscipline遵守紀(jì)律;submitregistration提交登記表，提交注冊【搭】submitto服從;submit…to將……呈交給【拓】submissionn.服從，投降【原題譯文】隨著越來越多的低收入學(xué)生追求高等教育，一些學(xué)院。B【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是moreandmore，low-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation?！酒路治觥吭牡诙沃赋觯骸癇utwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownasmeritaid,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.”withlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationwithmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation意思一致;原文中re-examiningB選項中revise意思相同。所以答案為B。DAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledo【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashingtonD.Cforexamplesaidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadvillePamadeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.”題目中的DItcutitsmerit-basedaidhelptheneedystudentscutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients,pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid意思相同，所以答案為D。【原題譯文】有排名意識的大學(xué)提供獎學(xué)金的主要目的是?！酒路治觥吭牡谄叨沃赋觯骸癇utforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofiles.”recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案為C。【原題譯文】漢密爾頓的入學(xué)和助學(xué)金辦公室主任莫尼卡?英澤相信。DMonicaInzerdeanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHanilton，由此可【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”Dit’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition意思相同，所以答案為D。來源:恒星英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)【原題譯文】近年來，獎學(xué)金的增長比助學(xué)金快得多，是因為?！酒路治觥吭牡谑蔚诙渲赋觯骸皌ypicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.”inabidto可以理解為“為了……，力求……”。enrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions符合原題意思，所以答案為BA【快速解題】本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是DavidLaird，attitude，privatecollegesmeritaid，由此即可定位到【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaid”ATheywouldliketoseeitreduced意思一致，所以答案為A?！酒路治觥吭牡谑沃赋觯骸癆complicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaidthatmanyhavetodependonit.”dependon和答案C選項中的relyon意思相同，所以答案為C。 annualrenewal，academic，meritscholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid這一部分。Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid部分第四句指出：“Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoannualrenewed在本題中被換成了名詞renewalcontinue被轉(zhuǎn)換成了remain，所以本題應(yīng)該填形容詞qualified。 merit-basedaid這一部分第三段?！酒路治觥吭腁fewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid這一部分第三段：“Recommendationforthisscholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee了主動，而acoachorareferee是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以本題應(yīng)該填的答案是recognizes。 的證明此可定位到原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid這一部分第四段。Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid這一部分第四段指出：“Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea”。藝術(shù)獎學(xué)金要求申請者在一定藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域有突出表現(xiàn)。原文inagivenartisticfieldinaparticularartisticfieldshow的賓語，即一個名詞，而原句中對應(yīng)的excel卻是動詞詞性，需要變成名詞形式，所以答案就是excel的名詞形式制度將從2008年秋天入學(xué)的學(xué)生開始實行。并不是所有的大學(xué)都提供獎學(xué)金和普林斯頓大學(xué)慷慨地提供了各種助學(xué)金，但是許多不符合助學(xué)條件的家庭為了上名牌大學(xué)不管付多少錢都愿意。1025名上“我們?nèi)匀幌嘈艑Τ煽儍?yōu)異者進(jìn)行獎勵的效用，好學(xué)生很重視獎學(xué)金”科特?弗利達(dá)霍夫說。來源:恒星英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)*PartIVReadingComprehensionSectionA【名詞】aspects方面;characters性質(zhì)，特征;quality【動詞】analyzed分析;established確定的，證實的quoted引用;recruited招聘，招募;contributing貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn);describing描述;recording記錄【形容詞】total總共的，總計的;unconscious不知道的，無意識的;unsure不確定【副詞】yet還，仍舊;already已經(jīng)Researchersrecruited92familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.作定語families,beforetheirchildrenwereayearoldinterviewingeachto…是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作謂語recruit的伴隨狀語?！癐t’swellestablishedthatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.…,Jwithparents的補足語。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)為“研究人員含有“記錄”的意思，備選動詞中recording符合題意。Lthenumbertotal符Btheresearchers之后，可知此處應(yīng)填入謂語動詞的過去時態(tài)。剩余的備選動詞Htheof，可知此處需填入名詞，根據(jù)上下文可知該句意為“測試中，預(yù)意,其中itiswellestablishedthat…，意為“大家公認(rèn)……”。的文化氛圍都會產(chǎn)生有益的影響”。備選動詞中contributing符合題意,意為“可能母親起作用的方式在研究中我SectionBcandidaten.【文中實例】Throughoutthislongtenseelectioneveryonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica在這個持久而緊張的選舉中，每個候選人都成為了眾人的焦點，人們關(guān)注著他們?nèi)?.【文中實例】I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,….我更期待米歇.fascinateda.著迷的;fascinatinga.令人著迷的;fascinationn.prevailinga.【文中實例】Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.時下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾氣暴躁的單身媽媽，吸引不住男人。【實例拓展】aprevailingsetofculturalvaluesstereotypen.【文中實例】Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.在人們的想象中，黑...commitv.【實例拓展】Hehascommittedhimselftosupportthem...featuren.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,….因為主流的媒體們都未曾深入地報道過普通非洲裔美國女性，……?！緦嵗卣埂縜frontpagefeatureoncoalminingfeaturen.特征，容貌;v.以……為特征，特寫Forexample,whenth