會昌中學形容詞和副詞

2011年高考英語語法專題復習形容詞和副詞會昌中學 劉強 2011-4形容詞用來修飾、說明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。而副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子，有時也能修飾名詞，表示時間、地點、方式、程度等。高考重點要求：1、形容詞、副詞比較級，最高級常用句型2、形容詞的倍數(shù)表達法和副詞的位置3、多個形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序4、分清常用同義、近義形容詞、副詞在表達中的語義差別形容詞在句子中的作用1大部分形容詞能作定語、表語或賓語補足語,如：abeautifulpark一座美麗的公園TheplayTea-house（茶館）isbothmoving

and

interesting.Wholeftthewindowopen?Howlongwilltheweatherstaysunny?Thesilkclothesfeelsoft.Howinterestingthestorysounds!定冠詞the+形容詞定冠詞the+形容詞”表示一類人或物，作“主語或賓語”，意思為“……的一種人”，“……的一類東西或事情”。Thenew

willtaketheplaceoftheold.（新事物將代替舊事物。）Theyoungarefondofsports.(年輕人喜歡體育運動。)TheLivingandtheDeadisahorrorfilm.3．有些形容詞只能作表語如：敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid害怕的。（錯）Heisanillman.（對）Themanisill.（錯）Sheisanafraidgirl.對）Thegirlisafraid.well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等

詞加-ed和–ing都可構成形容詞加-ed的形容詞表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容詞則用來描寫事物，如：Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.alarming,amusing,astonishing,charming,daring,demanding,encouraging,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,exciting,interesting,inviting,pleasing,promising,shocking,striking,surprisingly等后綴形容詞friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly(有……品質(zhì)的)：(錯）Shesanglovely.

（錯）Hespoketomeveryfriendly.

（對）Hersingingwaslovely.

（對）Hespoketomeinaveryfriendly

有些以-ly結尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

TheTimesisadailypaper.

TheTimesispublisheddaily.形容詞后綴分兩大類。一類是加到名詞上的㈠加到名詞上的主要有：①-y，：bloody,dirty,healthy,juicy,muddy；③-ful：careful,faithful,helpful,peaceful,useful；④-less：careless,harmless,noiseless,senseless,useless；⑤-ous/-ious：dangerous;courageous,mysterious；⑥-al/-tal/-ial/-tial：accidental,horizontal,colonial,influential；⑦-ic/-etic/-atic，：artistic,sympathetic,systematic；⑧-ish：childish,foolish,selfish；⑨-like：life-like,business-like,war-like；⑩-ed/-en：skilled,horned,golden,wooden。

㈡加到動詞上的有①-ent/-ant，如：dependent,different,observant,pleasant；②-able/-ible，如：agreeable,comfortable,defensible,sensible(明智的;合情理的)；③-ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active,attentive,imaginative,sensitive(敏感的;易受傷害的)；④-ed/-en，如：advanced,noted,stolen,swollen；⑤-ing，如：annoying,disgusting,entertaining。形容詞在句子中的位置形容詞一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。兩個或兩個以上形容詞修飾一個名詞時，形容詞排列的次序一般應考慮下面二種情況。（1）與被修飾名詞關系比較密切的形容詞位置靠近名詞，如：anexciting

Americanfilm（2）音節(jié)少的形容詞位置在前，音節(jié)多的形容位置在后。1）修飾復合不定代詞something,anything,nothing等，如：anythingimportant,nothingeasy（2）同表示數(shù)量的詞組連用，如：twentyfeet

long,fiveyearsold3．幾個形容詞修飾一名詞時，一般順序為大?。╨ittle除外）、形狀、色彩、由來、用途。如：afineroundmaple（楓木）writingtable,afamousoldEnglishcountryhouse二、副詞副詞在句子中主要用作狀語，許多副詞皆由形容詞加-ly構成，如：careful-carefully.副詞主要被分為以下幾種：1．時間副詞，如：often，early，usually，frequentlyalwaysconstantlynow2．地點副詞，如：here，above，outside，below，there3．方式副詞，如：hard，fast，badly，well4．程度副詞，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost5．疑問副詞，如：how，when，why，where副詞在句子中的位置時間副詞和地點副詞的位置表示確定時間的副詞和地點的副詞，一般放在句尾，如句中同時有地點副詞和時間副詞，地點副詞通常在前，時間副詞在后。修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除enough后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。副詞在此作狀語。如：bewellenough,gofastenough

修飾動詞的方式副詞有以下幾種修飾不及物動詞時，該副詞要后置，如：singwell修飾及物動詞時，可放在被修飾詞之前或賓語之后；如賓語較長也可放在動詞和賓語之間。如：studyEnglishhard，seeclearlythewordsontheblackboard及物動詞和副詞（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）組成的動詞詞組，其賓語是名詞，該名詞可放在副詞之前或之后：如是代詞，該代詞一定要放在副詞前。Hecutdownthetree./Hecutthetreedown./Hecutitdown.形容詞原級、比較級和最高級的用法1兩者比較情況一樣，常用“as+形容詞原級+as”句型。2Heisastallashismonitor.3兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“notso/as+形容詞原級+as”句型。Atraindoesn’ttravelsofastasaplane.4三者或三者以上比較，表示某人某物“最……”時，用“the+形容詞最高級+比較范圍”句型。Asiaisbyfarthelargestofthesevencontinents.Shewrites(the)mostcarefullyofthethree.5比較級+and+比較級“越來越……”Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.Sheisbecomingmoreandmoreactiveintakingpartinsocialactivities.6the+比較級，the+比較級“越……越……”

Theharderhestudies,thegreaterprogresshewillmake.()1.[2010·湖北]Inthislecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurely________viewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.A．PrivateB.personalC.uniqueD.differentB考查形容詞詞義辨析。從語境上理解是表示“給予個人的(personal)觀點”。private表示“私人的”，unique表示“獨一無二”，different表示“不同的”。

形容詞和副詞考點()2.[2010·江西]Computersandmobilephones,thoughtheyareindeedmakingourlife________andmore________，havereducedtheneedforface-to-facecommunications.A．easily;efficientB．easier;efficientC．easy;efficientlyD．easily;efficiently

B考查形容詞用法。使役動詞make后接形容詞作賓語補足語，此處意為“計算機和手機使得我們的生活更輕松、更高效”。

()3.[2010·山東]Mothersholdingjobsoutsidethehomeshouldhave________schedulestomakeiteasiertocarefortheirchildren.A．heavyB．smoothC．flexibleD．ComplexC根據(jù)句意“制定靈活的(flexible)計劃以便照料孩子”可知選C。

()4.[2010·上海]Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwas________journey.A．threehourB．a(chǎn)three-hoursC．a(chǎn)three-hourD．threehours

C此題考查復合形容詞“數(shù)詞＋連字符＋名詞”的用法。連字符連接的詞作名詞定語且用單數(shù)。此處意為“三個小時的路程”。

()5.[2010·安徽]________，sheisthesortofwomantospreadsunshinetopeoplethroughhersmile.A．ShyandcautiousB．SensitiveandthoughtfulC．HonestandconfidentD．Lightheartedandoptimistic

D形容詞短語作狀語，表示原因，相當于Since/Assheislightheartedandoptimistic。句意為：她心胸豁達、樂觀，總是通過微笑把陽光傳給人們。形容詞短語可以在句中作狀語，表示原因，放在句首；表示伴隨情況，放在句后。

()6.[2010·福建]—Volunteeringisbecoming________popularinChina.—Yeah,peoplearenowawarethathelpingothersishelpingthemselves.A．naturallyB．successfullyC．splendidlyD．Increasingly

D考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)第一句句意：志愿工作在中國正越來越受到歡迎，可知D項正確。

()7.[2010·遼寧]Jimwenttoanswerthephone.________，Harrystartedtopreparelunch.A．HoweverB．NeverthelessC．BesidesD．MeanwhileD考查副詞用法。前后兩個句子是相同的語義關系，在時間上表示同時，所以用meanwhile。句意：吉姆去接電話，與此同時，哈里開始準備午餐。

()8.[2010·湖北]Mistakesdon’tjusthappen;theyoccurforareason.Findoutthereason,andthenmakingthemistakebecomes________.A．favourableB．preciousC．essentialD．Worthwhile

D考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意“錯誤不是偶然發(fā)生的，它是由于某個原因才發(fā)生的，找到這個原因，使犯錯誤變得有價值”。favourable表示“贊成的，有利的”；precious表示“珍貴”；essential表示“必要的”；worthwhile值得的。

()9.[2010·全國Ⅱ]Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen________.A．popularB．morepopularC．mostpopularD．themostpopular

B考查形容詞比較級的用法。形容詞比較級用于否定句表示隱含的最高級，表示“沒有比……更……的”。

()10.[2010·浙江]Ihavebeenconvincedthattheprintmediaareusuallymore________andmorereliablethantelevision.A．a(chǎn)ccurateB．ridiculousC．urgentD．shallow

A本題考查形容詞。根據(jù)and提示，可知此空應該是和reliable一樣的表示褒義的形容詞，由此可知答案為A：精確的。二、考查形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律5_______totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(2000全國)

A.Braveenoughstudents

B.Enoughbravestudents

C.Studentsbraveenough

D.Studentsenoughbrave6Allthepeople______atthepartywerehissupporters.(2002北京)A.present

B.thankful

C.interested

D.important

形容詞作定語一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但下列三種情況形容詞要后置：①形容詞短語作定語時；②表語形容詞作定語時；③修飾復合不定代詞時。三、考查多個形容詞作定語的排序(7)JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa______car.(2004遼寧)

A.largeGermanwhite

B.largewhiteGerman

C.whitelargeGerman

D.Germanlargewhite(8)______studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.(2004浙江)

A.TenstrongyoungChinese

B.TenChinesestrongyoung

C.Chinesetenyoungstrong

D.YoungstrongtenChinese

多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其排序規(guī)律是：(限定詞+程度副詞+)描繪+大小(長短、高低)+形狀+年齡(新舊)+顏色+國籍或產(chǎn)地+物質(zhì)材料+類別或用途+名詞9Thehusbandgavehiswife______everymonthinordertopleaseher.(2004重慶)

A.allhalfhisincome

B.hishalfallincome

C.halfhisallincome

D.allhishalfincome10

(15)－HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?

－Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe______daysattheseaside.(1995全國)

A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast

注：限定詞的排序：前位限定詞(指量限定詞all,both,half等；倍數(shù)詞double,twice等；分數(shù)詞one-third,two-fifths等)+中位限定詞(冠詞，指示代詞，形容詞性物主代詞，名詞所有格)+后位限定詞(序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast,next等；基數(shù)詞及few,several等)

四、考查副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律(11)IfIhad______,I'dvisitEurope,stoppingatthesmallinterestingplaces.(1998全國)

A.aholidaylongenough

B.anenoughlongholiday

C.aholidayenoughlong

D.alongholidayenough①頻度副詞always,usually,often,never等一般放在行為動詞前，或者情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或be動詞之后。②表示方式的副詞通常放在“動詞(+賓語)”之后；③同時有表示時間、地點和方式的副詞時，其順序一般為：方式＋地點＋時間。如：

五、考查–ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別(12)Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_____.(2004重慶)

A.worried

B.toworried

C.worrying

D.worry(13)Itisbelievedthatifabookis______,itwillsurely______thereader.(2003上海)

A.interested;interest

B.interesting;beinterested

C.interested;beinteresting

D.interesting;interest

(23)Mr.Smith,______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(2003京春)

A.tired;boringB.tiring;bored

C.tired;bored

D.tiring;boring

六、考查兩種不同形式的副詞的用法差異(15)Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood______to

hermother.(2002北京)

A.close

B.closely

C.closed

D.closing

七考查形容詞和副詞的比較等級(16)Atyphoonsweptacrosstiffsareawithheavyrainsandwinds_____strongas113milesperhour.(2006上海)

A.too

B.very

C.so

D.as(17)Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,________accordingtohimself.

(2005安徽)

A.fivefooteightastallas

B.astallasfivefooteight

C.asfivefooteighttallas

D.astallfivefooteightas

1.as+形容詞/副詞原級+as

2.notas/so+原級+as(29)HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot______anativespeaker.(2004上海)

A.asfluentas

B.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan

(30)—Doyouhaveabiglibrary?"

—No,wedon't─atleast,not_yours.

A.biggeras

B.asbigas

C.asbigthan

D.asbiggerthan

3.as+形容詞+(a/an+)名詞+as(21)Ourneighbourhas______ours.(2003北京)

A.asabighouseas

B.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseas

D.ahousethesamebigas(22)Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis________itisascience.(2001全國)

A.anartmuchasB.muchanartas

C.asanartmuchas

D.asmuchanartas比較級+than(24)–Didyoutakeenoughmoneywithyou?

–No,Ineeded_______IthoughtIwould.(2006全國II)

A.notsomuchas

B.asmuchas

C.muchmorethan

D.muchlessthan(25)Mr.Smithowns_____collectionofcoinsthananyoneelseIhaveevermet.(2005山東A.larger

B.alarger

C.thelarger

D.alarge

6.隱含式比較級有時省略或不點明被比較的對象，而是通過語境來暗示被比較的對象(26)Iwishyou'ddo______talkingandsomemorework.Thusthingswill

becomebetter.(2006江蘇)

A.abitless

B.anyless

C.muchmore

D.alittlemore(27)Idon’tthinkthisfilmisbyfarthemostboring.Ihaveseen______.(2006江西)

A.better

B.worse

C.thebest

D.theworst

28Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch______shewasgetting.

(2004全國)

A.heavier

B.heavy

C.theheavier

D.theheaviest

7.否定式謂語+比較級：有最高級含義29Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheard_______before.(2006全國II)

A.thebetterone

B.thebestone

C.abetterone

D.agoodone(30)Bobranthe100metersin9.91seconds,andIhavenotseen______thisyear.(2005浙江)

A.thebest

B.better

C.themost

D.more

.least+原級(最不)31Thesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechose______oneasshedidn’twanttospendtoomuchtimeonit.(1991上海)

A.thelessexpensive

B.lessexpensive

C.theleastexpensive

D.leastexpensive

32David

haswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels_____desiretogotobed.(2005江蘇)

A.themost

B.more

C.worse

D.theleast

10.the+比較級,the+比較級Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,______.(2001上海)

A.ourholidaywillbebetter

B.ourholidaywillbethebetter

C.thebetterourholidaywillbe

D.thebetterwillourholidaybe其它含比較級的短語和句式比較級+and+比較級；nomorethan和……一樣不僅僅，；more…than…與其說……倒不如……；lessthan少于；morethan多于，不只是，非常；moreorless幾乎，差不多，大約，或多或少；soonerorlater(遲早，早晚，總有一天)；what’smore(而且，此外)；nosooner…than…(一……就……)。如：(71)Iusedtoearn_______thanapoundaweekwhenIfirststartedwork.

(06陜西6)

A.alittle

B.afew

C.fewer

D.less

(73)Maggiehasbeenfortunatetofindajobshelovesand,_____,shegetswellpaidforit.(2005浙江)

A.soonerorlaterB.what’smoreC.asaresult

D.moreorless

(75)Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire,sometimesfor______anhour,thinkingofheryoungandhappydays.(2003上海)

A.aslongas

B.assoonas

C.asmuchas

D.asmanyas

(76)_____Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.(2004安徽春)

A.Aslongas

B.Asfaras

C.Justas

D.Evenif

(79)You'restandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove______?(2000上海)

A.abitfar

B.alittlefarther

C.abitoffarther

D.alittlefar(80)－Areyoufeeling________?

－Yes,I'mfinenow.(1992全國)

A.anywell

B.anybetter

C.quitegood

D.quitebetter

八、考查比較等級的修飾語1.比較級前可用abit,alittle,rather,