《技術性貿易措施工作規(guī)范 術語》征求意見稿

4技術性貿易措施工作規(guī)范術語衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生措施SanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures5技術性措施technicalme技術性貿易措施TechnicalMeasures《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》和《WTO/SPS協(xié)定》所涵蓋的所有技世界貿易組織WorldTradeOrganization世貿組織WTO注3：主要職能包括貿易規(guī)則談判、貿易規(guī)則執(zhí)行監(jiān)督以[來源：https://www.wto.or關稅與貿易總協(xié)定GeneralAgreementonTar政府間締結的有關關稅和貿易規(guī)則的多邊國注1：關貿總協(xié)定包括1947年和199注2：關貿總協(xié)定表示國際組織時，是指世注：《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》和《WTO/SPS協(xié)定》在烏拉6注2：區(qū)域貿易協(xié)定是對世貿組織最惠國待遇原則的例外。簽訂協(xié)定的成員彼此給予的優(yōu)惠待遇不必按照世貿組織最惠國待遇原則給予區(qū)外的世貿組織成員。世貿組織成員承認區(qū)域貿易協(xié)定的合法作用，其貨物貿易理事會CouncilforTrade注1：于1995年成立，在總理事會的指導下開展工作，行使相應協(xié)定規(guī)定的職能以及總理事會賦予的注2：貨物貿易理事會有11個處理具體問題（如農業(yè)、市場準入、補貼、反傾銷措施等）委員會。這非關稅壁壘non-tariffbarriers與農產(chǎn)品相關的貿易措施（如特別保障措施、7地方政府機構localgovernmWTO成員給予源自其他成員產(chǎn)品的待遇不低最惠國待遇most-favoured-natWTO成員給予源自任何成員產(chǎn)品的待遇不低于非歧視原則non-discriminatioWTO成員給予源自任何成員進口產(chǎn)品的待遇不低于其給予本國同類產(chǎn)品或來自任何其注1：包括國民待遇（3.1.20）和最惠國待遇（8注2：設立咨詢點義務在《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》體現(xiàn)在10.1和10.3；在《WTO/SPS協(xié)定》中體現(xiàn)在附件B；注3：設立通報機構義務在《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》第10.10條，在《WTO/SPS協(xié)注5：該原則旨在促進信息交流、規(guī)制合作和貿易限制最小化原則minimizationoftraderestr注2：要求一項措施的貿易限制性與該措施試圖減輕或解決貿易限制的風險之間有一定程度的“相稱注3：該原則體現(xiàn)在《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》2.2，12.3；《國際標準協(xié)調原則harmonizationwithinte世貿組織要求各成員將國際標準作為其技術法規(guī)、標準和合格評定程序的制定基注1：《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》第2.4條、第5.4條、附件3第F款規(guī)定了技術法規(guī)、標準和合格評定程序的制注2：《WTO/SPS協(xié)定》認定了三個標準制定機構[聯(lián)合國糧農組織等效原則equivalentpri只要確信其他成員的技術性貿易措施足以實現(xiàn)與本國特殊與差別待遇原則specialanddifferentialtr93.1.28質量基礎設施QualityInfrastructure質量、安全、環(huán)保所需的組織、政策、相關法律法規(guī)框架和實踐所技術性貿易壁壘委員會TheCommitteeonTechnicalBarrierst衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生措施委員會TheCommitteeonSanitaryandPhytosanitary不必要的障礙unnecessary性能導向performance-o合理時間間隔reasonableintervaloftime應進口成員的要求而規(guī)定的各成員應在技術法規(guī)的公布和生效之間留出的時間WTO成員對于處在草案階段或征求意見階段的新制定或修訂的技術性貿易措施，通過緊急通報notificationofeWTO成員在面臨安全、健康、環(huán)境保護或國家安全等緊急問題或威脅而需要立即發(fā)布補遺通報notificationofadde或生效日期、修改措施的內容或適用范圍以及措施發(fā)生其他實質性變化，如措施勘誤通報notificationofcorriWTO成員更改其已發(fā)布的原通報措施中的錯誤信息時所采用的通報（3.2.10）形式。修訂通報notificationofrWTO成員已通報的技術性貿易措施被重新起草或者部分內容發(fā)生實質性變更，再行通評議comment,commentWTO成員依據(jù)《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》和《WTO/SPS協(xié)定》的相關規(guī)定，對其他WTO成員對其他成員已實施、擬實施的給貿易帶來重大影響的技術性貿易措施表達關注1：審議包括成員的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策、發(fā)展目標和發(fā)展需求以及所處的外部經(jīng)濟環(huán)境，旨在督促成員注2：WTO所有成員都要被審議，接受審議的頻率取決于該成員在世界貨物TBT委員會每年對《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》的執(zhí)行和應用情況進行的審查TBT委員會每三年對《WTO/TBT協(xié)定》的執(zhí)行和應用情況進行的審查對技術性貿易措施帶來的貿易損害開展的調技術性貿易措施影響統(tǒng)計調查statisticalsurveyontheimpactoftechnical每年在全國范圍內組織開展的對上一自然年度我國出口受國外技術貿易措施影響情況國際標準、指南和建議internationalstandards,guidelinesandrecomm《WTO/SPS協(xié)定》所認定的三個國際組織制定的標準、指注1：對于糧食安全，指食品法典委員會制定的與食品添加劑、獸藥和除蟲劑殘留物、污染物、分析適當?shù)男l(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生保護水平appropriatelevelofsanitaryorphytosanitary成員制定衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生措施以保護其領土內的人類、動物或植物的生命病蟲害疫區(qū)pest-ordiseas幾個國家的部分或全部地理區(qū)域內，在該地區(qū)內已知發(fā)生特定蟲害或病害，但已采取區(qū)域控制措施，如建病蟲害低度流行區(qū)areaoflowpestordiseasepreva技術法規(guī)technicalreg規(guī)定強制執(zhí)行的產(chǎn)品特性或其相關工藝和生產(chǎn)方法、包括適用的管理規(guī)定在內的文件。注：技術法規(guī)還可包括或專門規(guī)定適用于產(chǎn)品、工藝或生產(chǎn)方法的術語、符號、包注：良好規(guī)制實踐有助于改進和有效履行《developedbygovernmentsandrganizatiofregulation.]規(guī)制自主權regulatorya規(guī)制一致性regulatorycoh為加強食品（包括可食用農產(chǎn)品）中農業(yè)化學品（包括農藥、獸藥和飼料協(xié)調標準harmonisedst過必要性標準來審查成員方采取的措施與其追求的目標之間的關系，從而確定該措注2：在GATT/WTO爭端解決實踐中，既有許多爭端申訴方注1：《WTO/SPS協(xié)定》相關的國際標準指食品法典委員會國際標準化機構international標準化機構standardizing中央政府標準化機構centralgov非政府標準化機構non-governmentalstanda標準技術機構standardtechnicalWTO成員的標準化機構或WTO成員參加的標準化機構在制定、采用和實施標準過程中國際標準制定原則principlesforthedevelopmentofinternation議及最終結果等關鍵環(huán)節(jié)提供明確、易于獲取的信息，確保WTO所有公正性和共識性impartialityand有效性和相關性effectivenessand發(fā)展中國家參與度participationofdevelopingTBT委員會對國際標準制定的六項要求之一，即標準制定時考合格評定conformityasse合格評定程序conformityassessmentpr任何直接或間接用以確定是否滿足技術法規(guī)或標準中的相關要求的注：合格評定程序包括抽樣、測試、檢查、評估、符合性的驗證和保證、注冊、認可和批準以及以上合格評定機構conformityassessm合格評定制度conformityassessme管理相似或相關合格評定方案（3.6.5）的合格評定方案conformityassessme合格評定計劃conformityassessment合格評定對象objectofconformit合格評定對象（3.6.9）的相關材料或數(shù)據(jù)的選取和（或協(xié)議組中其他機構或候選機構的代表根據(jù)規(guī)定要求對某機構合格評定結果的接受acceptanceofconformityassessme通過提供規(guī)定要求已得到滿足的客觀證據(jù)，對真實性予合格評定結果的承認recognitionofconformitya注：“合格評定結果”表示任何合格評定活動的輸），兩方以上的各方之間承認或接受彼此的合格評定國際實驗室認可合作組織InternationalLaboratoryAccr參考文獻[2]ISO/IEC17000：2020Conformityasse[5]/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/whatis_e.htmB必要性檢驗...........................................標準.....................................................標準化機構...............................................標準技術機構.............................................病蟲害低度流行區(qū).......................................病蟲害非疫區(qū)............................................病蟲害疫區(qū)..............................................補遺通報...............................................不必要的障礙......................................C常規(guī)通報....................................承認..................................................D等效原則...............................................地方政府機構........................................定期審查...............................................東京回合....................................多邊安排.................................F發(fā)展中國家參與度...................................法規(guī)...............................................法規(guī)制定機關.......................................非關稅壁壘.......................................非關稅措施.......................................非歧視原則.......................................非政府標準化機構.................................非政府機構.......................................風險評估............................................復核..............................................G公正性和共識性.....................................關貿總協(xié)定..................................關稅與貿易總協(xié)定............................規(guī)制一致性.............................................規(guī)制影響評估...........................................規(guī)制自主權.............................................國際標準................................國際標準、指南和建議....................國際標準化機構..........................國際標準協(xié)調原則........................國際標準制定機構........................國際標準制定原則........................國際規(guī)制合作............................國際機構或體系..........................國民待遇................................H合法目標............................................合法性審查..........................................合格評定............................................合格評定程序........................................合格評定對象........................................合格評定方案........................................合格評定機構........................................合格評定計劃........................................合格評定結果的承認..................................合格評定結果的接受..................................合格評定制度........................................合理時間............................................合理時間間隔........................................核查...................................................貨物貿易理事會....................................J技術法規(guī).............................................技術委員會...........................................技術性措施...........................................技術性貿易壁壘.......................................技術性貿易壁壘委員會.................................技術性貿易措施.......................................技術性貿易措施影響統(tǒng)計調查...........................監(jiān)督..................................................檢測...................................................檢驗...................................................接受..................................................緊急通報.................................K開放性...........................................勘誤通報..............................................肯定列表制度......................................L良好規(guī)制實踐.............良好行為規(guī)范.............M貿易壁壘.................................貿易損害調查.............................貿易限制最小化原則......................貿易政策審議機構........................貿易政策審議機制........................N年度審議............................................O歐盟決定.................................歐盟條例.................................歐盟指令.................................歐盟協(xié)調標準............................P批準.................................................評議..................................................評議期................................................Q強制性標準.....................................區(qū)域標準化機構..........................區(qū)域機構或體系..........................區(qū)域貿易協(xié)定............................權力機關...............................................確認...................................................R認可..............................................認可機構..........................................認證..............................................SSPS例會..............................................................3.2.4SPS委員會............................................................3.2.2三年審議........................................審核...........................................聲明.................................................世界貿易組織........................................世貿組織............................................適當?shù)男l(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生保護水平......................雙邊安排.........................................TTBT例會..............................................................3.2.3TBT委員會............................................................3.2.1特別貿易關注..........................................特殊與差別待遇原則...................................通報...................................................同行評審.................................透明度................................................透明度原則............................................W衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生措施...................................衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生措施委員會.............................烏拉圭回合........................................X協(xié)調..................................................性能導向.............................................修訂通報..............................................Y一致性...........................................有效性和相關性......................................Z爭端解決機構..................................證明..................................................指定..................................................中央政府標準化機構..................中央政府機構........................準入................................................準入計劃............................................咨詢.............................................咨詢點...........................................自貿協(xié)定.................自由貿易協(xié)定.............最惠國待遇.....................................Aacceptance.......................................................................................................3.6.18acceptanceofconformityassessmentresul.......................................................3.6.18access..............................................................................................................3.6.10accesstoascheme............................................................................................3.6.10accreditation......................................................................................................3.6.7accreditationbody..............................................................................................3.6.8annualreview..................................................................................................3.2.21appropriatelevelofsanitaryorphytosanitaryprotection.......................................3.3.4approval..........................................................................................................3.6.16areaoflowpestordiseasep..................................................................3.3.7attestation.......................................................................................................3.6.21audit...............................................................................................................3.6.13authority...........................................................................................................3.4.8Bbarrierstotrade...............................................................................................3.1.13bilateralarrangement.......................................................................................3.6.24C..................................................................................3.1.17centralgovernmentstandardizi...............................................................3.5.5certification.......................................................................................................3.6.6codeofgoodpractice..........................................................................................3.5.9coherence........................................................................................................3.5.16comment.........................................................................................................3.2.16...................................................................................3.2.16commentperiod...............................................................................................3.2.17conformityassessment........................................................................................3.6.1................................................................................3.6.3.......................................................................3.6.2conformityassessme......................................................................3.6.5conformityassessment.............................................................................3.6.5conformityassessme.............................................................................3.6.4...............................................................................3.1.11Ddecisions..........................................................................................................3.4.12declaration......................................................................................................3.6.15designation......................................................................................................3.6.17directives.........................................................................................................3.4.11DisputeSettlementBody...................................................................................3.1.12DSB................................................................................................................3.1.12E................................................................................3.5.15enquiry...........................................................................................................3.2.25enquirypoint...................................................................................................3.2.26equivalentprinciple..........................................................................................3.1.26Europeanharmonisedstandards.......................................................................3.4.15FFreeTradeAgreement........................................................................................3.1.9FTA..................................................................................................................3.1.9GGATT...............................................................................................................3.1.6GeneralAgreementonT.............................................................3.1.6...................................................................................3.4.3GRP..................................................................................................................3.4.3Hharmonization...................................................................................................3.3.1harmonizationwithinternationalstandards.......................................................3.1.25Iimpartialityandcons................................................................................3.5.14inspection........................................................................................................3.6.12.............................................................................3.1.15InternationalRegulatoryCooperat.................................................................3.4.5internationalstandard........................................................................................3.5.2................................................................................3.5.3internationalstandardiz.........................................................................3.5.3internationalstandards,guidesandrecommen...........................................3.3.3IRC...................................................................................................................3.4.5Llegalityreview..................................................................................................3.4.18legitimateobjectives...........................................................................................3.2.5localgovernmentbody......................................................................................3.1.18Mmandatorystandards........................................................................................3.4.14minimizationoftraderestrictio......................................................................3.1.24most-favoured-nationt........................................................................3.1.21..................................................................................3.6.25nationaltreatment............................................................................................3.1.20Nnecessitytest....................................................................................................3.4.17non-discriminationprinci.............................................................................3.1.22non-governmentalbody....................................................................................3.1.19non-governmentalstandardizingbody.................................................................3.5.7non-tariffbarriers............................................................................................3.1.14notification......................................................................................................3.2.10notificationofadden..................................................................................3.2.13...............................................................................3.2.14notificationofemergencymea....................................................................3.2.12notificationofrevision......................................................................................3.2.15NTMs.............................................................................................................3.1.14Oobjectofconformaityass.........................................................................3.6.9openness..........................................................................................................3.5.13Pparticipationofdevelopingcou.................................................................3.5.17peerassessment................................................................................................3.6.14peerevaluation................................................................................................3.6.14performance-oriented.........................................................................................3.2.7periodicreview................................................................................................3.4.16.....................................................................................3.3.6...............................................................................3.3.5positivelistsystem............................................................................................3.4.13principlesforthedevelopmentofinternationalstandards....................................3.5.11Rreasonableintervalofti..................................................................................3.2.9reasonabletime..................................................................................................3.2.8recognition......................................................................................................3.6.23recognitionofconformityassessment.......................................................3.6.23regionalbodyorsystem....................................................................................3.1.16................................................................................3.5.6RegionalTradeAgree...............................................................................3.1.10regularnotification...........................................................................................3.2.11regulation..........................................................................................................3.4.1regulations.......................................................................................................3.4.10regulatoryauthority...........................................................................................3.4.9regulatoryautonomy..........................................................................................3.4.6regulatorycoherence..........................................................................................3.4.7RegulatoryImpactAssess............................................................................3.4.4review.............................................................................................................3.6.20RIA...................................................................................................................3.4.4riskassessment..................................................................................................3.3.2RTA................................................................................................................3.1.10S..................................................................3.1.2specialanddifferentialt......................................................................3.1.27specifictradeconcern.......................................................................................3.2.18SPS...................................................................................................................3.1.2SPSmeeting.......................................................................................................3.2.4standard............................................................................................................3.5.1......................................................................................3.5.8standardizingbody.............................................................................................3.5.4statisticalsurveyontheimpactoftechnicalmeasurestotrade..............................3.2.24STC................................................................................................................3.2.18surveillance.....................................................................................................3.6.22TTBT..................................................................................................................3.1.1TBTmeeting.............