硬齒面齒輪中英文翻譯、外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、外文翻譯

附錄二：英文及譯文HardenedGear一onthegearboxinputshaft,intermediateshaftandoutputshaftoftheStressAnalysisofavarietyofgearGrowthofwindpowergearbox,anditsbearingsbyleafmassinputfromtheaxialforce,torqueandtorquesubversion.IntermediateshaftinputgearbearingChuanfromtheoutputoftorqueandbrakingfromthebraketorqueChuan.Outputshaftofthegearshaftbearingmassfromthemiddleofthetorqueoutputatthesametimebearthebrakingcausedbybraketorque.二OnacommongearboxgearmaterialsandtheirperformanceanalysisWindpowergenerationgrowthinthegearbox,gearcommonlyusedmaterialsforlow-carbonalloysteel,re-gearcompaniescommonlyused20CrMnTi,20CrMnMo,17CrNiMo6andothermaterials;42CrMoAmaterialsusedinsidetheringgear.Carboncontentofthesurfaceaffectthebendingstrength.Thedepthofcarburizedlayerinsomecases,thecenterincreasedthehardness,bendingstrengthincreases;whenthecarburizedlayeratthesametimeorganizations,toincreasethedepthofcarburizedlayer,theflexuralstrengthincreased;inthecarburizedlayerdepthandthecenterthesamehardness,nickelsteelflexuralstrengththanotherhighstrengthsteelbending;carburizinglayerlevelincreasesthecarboncontentreducedflexuralstrength.2、Multi-gearchangeoffatiguestrengthduetofatigueloadsanddamage,suchasdamagetothetoothrootbendingfatiguecombinedtoothsurfacecontactfatiguedamage.Factorsthataffectthefatiguedamageare:（1）Thecenterofthehardness(strength)（2）Carburizationoftheoxidelayerwhenthecarburizingsteelcontainingtitanium,silicon,manganeseandalloyelements,suchas,andinanatmosphereofendothermiccarburizingcarburizingofeasilyformedwhenoxidesoftheseelements,theyexistinthegrainboundaryorcrystalinternaltablets.Oxidesoftheseelementsinthevicinityofdepleted,reducingthehardenability.Thisoxidewillbecomethecoreoftheproductofhightemperaturechange,resultingintheformationofquenchingonthesurfaceafteranumberofnon-martensiticproductwhichreducesthehardnessofthesurface.（3）Carburizationofthecarbidelayerthenumberofcarboncontent,size,shapeanddistributionofcarburizingsteelcontactfatigueandbendingfatigueperformanceofboththeimpactwillbesignificantlyreducedmeshcarbidecarburizingbendingfatiguepropertiesofsteel.（4）Carburizedlayerofresidualausteniteoflowintensityresidualausteniteitself,itsexistenceisalsobeneficialtoreducethefatiguepropertiesoftheresidualcompressivestress,thecarburizinglayerresidualausteniteinfatigueperformancewillbereduced,butbyrollingandwillincreasethefatiguestrengthofshotpeening.三HardenedgearsrunningcharacteristicsandNotesChongqingGearboxCo.,Ltd.,wasbuiltinthemid-sixties.Themaindesignandmanufactureofmarinegearbox,coupling,clutchandsoon.Ship,istheflowofwaterthecityisamicrocosmofamodernindustrialcountry.Itshigh-performance,high-techrequirements,thedecisionofthegearboxtechnologyinthedesignandmanufactureofotherindustrialsectorsinthefirstfollow-uptheworld'sadvancedleveloftechnology.Sothefirstfewfromtheplantinaccordancewiththemanufactureofhardenedgeardesignprocesswithequipment.Sincereformandopeningup,inordertoadapttothedevelopmentofChina'sshipbuildingindustry,intheearlyeighties,lateseventies,theintroductionoftheGermanRoman?StoltenbergFord(shortLUS)ofthemarinegearboxdrawings,standards,computersoftwareanddesignandmanufacturingtechnology;powerplantstoaddresstheissueoftheintroductionoftorsionalvibrationGeislingerAustria'sGeislingercoupling,vibrationisolatordesignandmanufacturingtechniquesandproceduresforcomputingtorsionalvibration;thenShipbuildingIndustryCorporation,willintroduceSulzer,GermanyMann,theFrenchSocietyofheatengine,suchasJapanmadethegearoiltothedrawings,thestandardtoputmycompany,mycompanybydigestingandabsorbingproduction.Designandmanufacturingcompaniesintheirownexperience-hardenedgearbasedonthedigestionandabsorptionofimportedtechnology,transplantation,developmentandinnovation.Toensuretheadvancedtechnologyandadvancedtheimplementationofinternationalstandards,thecompanycontinuedtocarryouttechnicaltransformationoftheplant.30yearsofdevelopment,sothatChongqingGearboxCo.,Ltd.havehardenedtheworld'smostadvancedcomputingtechnologygeardesign;theestablishmentoftheinternationaladvancedstandardsasthemainbodyofthedesign,manufacture,testing,inspectionstandards,normssystem;Hasacompletematchingtoensuretheadvancedstandards,andstandardizetheimplementationofthemechanicalprocessing,heattreatment,testmeasurementequipment;Atthesametime,createagroupofadvancedtechnologytomastertheengineeringandtechnicalpersonnelandtheoperationofadvancedequipment,high-leveltechnicians.Becomeabletodesign,manufacturehigh-precisiongearshardenedbase.（一）TheadvantagesofhighprecisionhardenedgearAsweallknow,thestrengthofthedesignofgearfromtheconsiderationofthetoothsurfacelubricationpressureandtoothrootstrengthofthetwoareas.Withthetechnologyandcomputerapplications,theworldtendstodrivethedevelopmentoftechnologyusinghardened.Accordingtostatistics,asaresultoftheuseofhardenedgearsgreatlycontributedtothemachineislightweight,smallsizeandqualityofperformancesothatthespeedofthemachineworkofagrade.Suchashigh-speedwirerodrollingmillspeedfromthepast30m/stothefollowing90-120m/s.Hardenedgearusedtomakegeartoreducethesizesignificantlycanreducethemanufacturingcost,amainreducerofamillasanexampleforcomparison:Centerdistance、Surfacearea、Weight、Rollingspeed、Hardness.Gearquenchedandtempered：2400100%100%30m/sHB360HardenedGear：169534%60%90-120m/sHRC57＋4Hardenedinthenitridehardened,duetoveryshallowdepthofthenitridedlayer,isnotsuitableforheavy-dutygeardriveandvulgar,butalsothecostofnitrideprocessitselfmoreexpensive,soitisrarelyused.Surfacehardening(suchashighfrequencyorflamehardening)ofthehardenedlayerwithnon-hardenedinterfacelayertransitionObviously,thedistributionofhardnesstonsuretoo,atthesametimethequalityofnon-uniformhardening,hardeningDedendumdifficultandeasygenerationofsurfacecracks,teethlowersurfacehardness(HRC55around),sotheapplicationofdecreasing.Deepcarburization,quenchingthehigh-precisiongrindinghardenedgears,highprecision,highsurfacehardness(HRC58+4),toothsurfacehardenedlayeruniform,andmanyotheradvantages,especiallyforlow-speedheavy-dutygear.Itshighsurfacehardness,contactstrengthquenchedandtemperedgearsthandoubled,whilethebendingstrengthquenchedandtemperedgearsthananincreaseofapproximately50%.Therefore,FALK,(LUS),FerrantecompanyCitroen-Messiaen-Durantcompaniesallusedeepcarburizing-quenching-grindinggears.Representsthehigh-precisiongearshardenedforindustrialuse,marinegeartransmissiondirectionofdevelopment.ChongqingGearboxCo.,Ltd.,startedfromtheplant,duetothenatureoftheirservicestheworld'smostadvancedtrackingtechnology,theuseofalloystructuralsteelmanufacturingCarburization-quenching-thehigh-precisiongrindinghardenedgearteeth.Long-termpracticalapplicationhasprovedthatthewearresistanceofgearsandbearingscanbecomparabletotherollingsurfacewithoutworryingabouttoothwearandcorrosion,inthebendingstrengthisalsoplentyofroomleft.（二）GearstrengthcalculationThecompanyintroducedaprogramdesignedgears,andShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,ChongqingUniversitytodevelop,accordingtoGB3480-83,AGMA,ISO,DIN,ZC,ABS,GL,Lioyd's,suchasstandardsandnormsforthecalculationofthegearstrength.Inordertoincreasethecarryingcapacityofgear,useofcomputergeargeometryparametersandthecoefficient,theoptimumdesign.Asaresultofsurfacehardeningtechnologyusedtoimprovethecarryingcapacityofgear,LUSpracticethroughmanyyearsofproductionthat:Forthegeartoothsurfacestresscalculation,thesmallgearwithHertzstressformulacanalsobebasedontoothsurfacecontactareaofthemaximumcompression.Asforthenumberoflarge-scale,large-diametergearwithatoothformulaHertzcompressivestressintensity,itcannotbeatruereflectionoftheactualgearforces.Becausewiththeincreaseinmodulus,highandgeartoothcontactradiuswasincreased,thestressisnolongerthedangerpointofthegearsurfacelayerofhardenedlayer,butwithinacertaindepth.Forexample:thecenterdistanceA=1000(mm),I=3ofthegearboxgear,stresstheriskoftoothsurfacestrengthofthefollowingcalculationofstressdistributionanditsresearch,proposedthe"Theoryofthreedimensionalstress":toothsurfacebythefollowingthreeSynthesisofstressconsistingofasinglestress,theapplicationhasbeenassumedthatthemainextension,includingtoothsurfaceofthetooth,includingthestressofthestressdistributionincross-sectioncurve.Toreflectadequatelythemeshingtoothstressstateatthetime.Calculationoftoothrootstress,themainconsiderationwhenthemeshingtoothbendingstrength,compressivestress,shearstress,heattreatmenteffectsandgearassemblywhentheinternalstress.Onthetoothsurfaceusingacomputersynthesisofthetoothrootstresscalculation,consideringthecontactstrengthandbendingfatiguestrengthtodeterminethegeargeometricparameters,materials,allowablegearfatiguestrengthandhardnessofthetoothsurfacecurveandthedepthofthehardenedlayer.（三）MaterialSelectionInordertoimprovetheflexuralstrengthofgears,wechooseChina-madehigh-qualityalloysteel.ThesematerialsandtheFederalRepublicofGermanybytheLUSmaterialhandlingcomparedwiththetestfurnace.Resultsshowthatitsmechanicalproperties,hardening,andhardenedlayermicrostructure,hardness,carbondepthdistributionofpotentialperformanceisslightlyhigherthantheRomanwiththeperformanceofthecorrespondingmaterial.Theuseofdomesticmaterials,accordingtoourstandardprofile(formerlyintroducedLUSI15)processing,heattreatmentprocesstoadopttheexistingcarburizingquenchingandgrindinggearteethtocreatethetest,and711,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,incooperationmadeCL-100-typegeartestmachinecontactfatiguetests.Precisiongeartested6HK(JB179-83),testsworkintheGB3480-83standardconditions,inaccordancewithmovementstodeterminethematerialfatiguelimit,throughthetesting,selectionofrecommendeddesignvalueof1450-1550N/,theInternationalStandardizationRecommendedtextISO268dialysisorganizationshardenedgearmaterialsfatiguelimitdiagramofcontactrangeof1300-1650kg/,ourtestgearmaterialISO268recommendedupperlimitofthediagram.Theuseofdomesticmaterials,accordingtoourstandardprofile(formerlyintroducedLUSI15)processing,heattreatmentprocesstoadopttheexistingcarburizingquenchingandgrindinggearteethtocreatethetest,and711,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversitytesting,wide-toothgearunits,unitmoduluscircularedgeonthe171.62N/,GearKstrengthcoefficientofaccessto156kg/cm,by5×107cycles,allthetestgearwerenobrokenteethandpittingphenomenon.MarineengineeringcompanyandtheHarbinInstituteofCooperationforcarburizinggearmaterialsandprocessoptimizationofthepilotstudy,sixcommonlyusedfordomesticcarbonmaterialdistributionalongthedeeplayer,thehardnessdistributionalongthelayerofdeepandeffectivehardenedlayerdepthandheartlayerDepartmentofOrganization,theconventionalmechanicalproperties,fracturetoughness,staticbendingproperties,bendingfatigueperformance,thenatureofcontactfatigue,wearresistance,process,andthelawofgraingrowthandorganizationofgenetic,high-temperaturetemperingtemperatureswapqualityandperformanceoforganizations18topicssuchasresearch,preparationofthecompany'sdifferentfordifferentmaterialsoftheheattreatmentprocesstoensurethattreatmentprotocolsandqualitynorms.Inactualuseformanyyears,thegearmanufacturingtechnologytowithstandtherigoroustest,butalsoprovidesuswithawealthofexperience.WeareconvincedthatasChina'snavalconstruction,fisheries,shippingindustryandbuildingmaterialsmachineryandelectricity,thedevelopmentofmetallurgy,gearboxwillbeappliedinmoresectors,thenationalindustryforthemotherlandtomakegreatercontributions.

硬齒面齒輪一簡(jiǎn)述齒輪箱輸入軸、中間軸和輸出軸上各種齒輪的受力分析風(fēng)力發(fā)電增速齒輪箱中，其輸入軸承受葉片傳過來(lái)的軸向力、扭矩和顛覆力矩。中間軸上的齒輪承受輸入端傳過來(lái)的力矩和輸出端剎車時(shí)傳過來(lái)的剎車力矩。輸出軸上的齒輪承受中間軸傳過來(lái)的扭矩，同時(shí)也承受輸出端剎車時(shí)帶來(lái)的剎車力矩。二簡(jiǎn)述齒輪箱齒輪的常用材料及其性能分析風(fēng)發(fā)電增速齒輪箱中，齒輪的常用材料為低碳合金鋼，重齒公司常用20CrMnTi、20CrMnMo、17CrNiMo6等材料；內(nèi)齒圈用42CrMoA材料。面層碳含量都影響彎曲強(qiáng)度。在滲碳層深度一定的情況下，心部硬度增加時(shí)，彎曲強(qiáng)度隨之增加；當(dāng)滲碳層組織相同時(shí)，滲碳層深度增加，彎曲強(qiáng)度隨之增加；在滲碳層深度與心部硬度相同時(shí)，含鎳的鋼材彎曲強(qiáng)度比其他鋼材彎曲強(qiáng)度高；滲碳層面層碳含量增加時(shí)彎曲強(qiáng)度降低。2、疲勞強(qiáng)度齒輪多因變載荷作用而疲勞損壞，如齒根彎曲疲勞損壞合齒面接觸疲勞損壞。影響疲勞損壞的因素有：（1）心部硬度（強(qiáng)度）（2）滲碳層內(nèi)的氧化物當(dāng)滲碳鋼中含有鈦、硅、錳和等合金元素，并在吸熱性滲碳?xì)夥罩袧B碳時(shí)容易形成這些元素的氧化物，他們存在于晶界或晶粒內(nèi)部。在氧化物附近這些元素貧化，降低了淬透性。這種氧化物還會(huì)成為高溫轉(zhuǎn)變產(chǎn)物的核心，導(dǎo)致淬火后在表面形成一些非馬氏體產(chǎn)物從而降低了最表面的硬度。（3）滲碳層內(nèi)的碳化物碳含量的數(shù)量、大小、形狀和分布對(duì)滲碳鋼的接觸疲勞和彎曲疲勞性能都有影響，網(wǎng)狀碳化物會(huì)明顯降低滲碳鋼的彎曲疲勞性能。（4）滲碳層內(nèi)的殘余奧氏體殘余奧氏體本身強(qiáng)度低，它的存在還降低對(duì)疲勞性能有利的殘余壓應(yīng)力，因此滲碳層組織中有殘余奧氏體會(huì)降低疲勞性能，但經(jīng)滾壓和噴丸強(qiáng)化會(huì)提高疲勞強(qiáng)度。三硬齒面齒輪的特點(diǎn)及運(yùn)行注意事項(xiàng)重慶齒輪箱有限責(zé)任公司，建于六十年代中期。主要設(shè)計(jì)制造船用齒輪箱、聯(lián)軸節(jié)、離合器等。船舶，是水中的流動(dòng)城市，是一個(gè)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)的縮影。它的高性能、高技術(shù)要求，決定了齒輪箱在設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)方面要先于其它工業(yè)部門追蹤世界先進(jìn)技術(shù)水平。所以公司從建廠開始幾按照硬齒面齒輪的制造工藝流程進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、配備設(shè)備。改革開放以來(lái)，為適應(yīng)我國(guó)造船工業(yè)的發(fā)展，在八十年代初，七十年代末，引進(jìn)了德國(guó)羅曼?斯托爾福特公司（下簡(jiǎn)稱LUS）的船用齒輪箱的圖紙，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、計(jì)算機(jī)軟件和設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)；為解決動(dòng)力裝置軸系扭振問題引進(jìn)了奧地利蓋斯林格公司的蓋斯林格聯(lián)軸節(jié)、減振器的設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)和扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)電算程序；隨后船舶工業(yè)總公司又將引進(jìn)瑞士蘇爾壽、德國(guó)曼恩、法國(guó)熱機(jī)學(xué)會(huì)、日本大發(fā)等柴油要的齒輪圖紙，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)放我公司，由我公司消化吸收生產(chǎn)制造。公司在自己設(shè)計(jì)制造硬齒面齒輪的經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)引進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)行消化吸收、移植、開發(fā)、創(chuàng)新。為保證先進(jìn)技術(shù)和先進(jìn)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貫徹執(zhí)行，公司不間斷的對(duì)工廠進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造。三十多年的發(fā)展，使重慶齒輪箱有限責(zé)任公司擁有世界先進(jìn)硬齒面齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算技術(shù)；建立了以國(guó)際先進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為主體的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、試驗(yàn)、檢驗(yàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范體系；擁有齊全配套的、保證先進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范貫徹執(zhí)行的機(jī)械加工、熱處理、檢驗(yàn)計(jì)量設(shè)備；同時(shí)造就出一批掌握先進(jìn)技術(shù)的工程技術(shù)人員和操作先進(jìn)設(shè)備的高級(jí)技師。成為我國(guó)能設(shè)計(jì)、制造高精度硬齒面齒輪的基地。（一）高精度硬齒面齒輪的優(yōu)點(diǎn)眾所周知，齒輪的強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)是從考慮潤(rùn)滑條件的齒面壓力和齒根強(qiáng)度兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行的。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展和計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用，世界傳動(dòng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨于采用硬齒面。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，由于硬齒面齒輪的采用大大地促進(jìn)了機(jī)器的重量輕、小型化和質(zhì)量性能的提高，使機(jī)器工作速度提高了一個(gè)等級(jí)。如高速線材軋機(jī)的軋制速度從過去的30m/s以下提高到90-120m/s。采用硬齒面齒輪傳動(dòng)使傳動(dòng)裝置的體積大大地減少，可以降低制造成本，一某軋機(jī)主減速機(jī)為例進(jìn)行比較：中心距表面積重量軋制速度硬度調(diào)質(zhì)齒輪2400100%100%30m/sHB360硬齒面齒輪169534%60%90-120m/sHRC57＋4硬齒面中氮化硬齒面，由于氮化層深度很淺，不適合作低俗重載齒輪傳動(dòng)，而且氮化工藝本身的成本較貴，所以很少采用。表面淬火（如高、中頻或火焰淬火）的淬硬層與非淬硬層過渡界面明顯，硬度的分布剃度太大，同時(shí)淬硬質(zhì)量不均勻，齒根淬硬困難，易