初中英語語法形容詞詳解(含練習(xí)及答案)

形容詞1、形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補(bǔ)足語。2、形容詞在句子中的位置：⑴作定語時(shí)放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。如：abigyellowwoodenwheel（一個(gè)黃色的大木輪）⑵作表語時(shí)放在連系動詞之后。如：Thepricesoundsreasonable.（這個(gè)價(jià)格聽起來算是合理）⑶作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)放在賓語之后。如：WemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentClean.（我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔）⑷后置的情況：①修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在代詞之后。如：Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.（他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故）②與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時(shí)形容詞后置。如：He's1.8metrestall.（他身高1.8米。）Themoonisabout380,000kilometresawayfromtheearth.（月球離地38萬公里）3、有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析：⑴whole與all：記住兩個(gè)詞序：①thewhole+名詞；②all（of）the+名詞。如：Hewasbusythewholemorning.（整個(gè)早晨他都很忙）/Hecanrememberallthewordshelearns.（他能記住學(xué)過的所有單詞）⑵tall與high,short與low：指人的個(gè)子時(shí)用tall與short；指其他事物時(shí)一般用high與low。如：He,sverytall/short.（他個(gè)子高/矮）/Talltreesarestandingonbothsidesofthatavenue.（大道的兩側(cè)有高大的樹木）/Afewpeopleliveonhighmountains.（少量的人住在高山上）⑶real與true：real一般指東西的真假,譯為“真的”;而true則指事情或消息的可靠性,譯為“真實(shí)的”。如：ThiSisarealdiamond（鉆石）andit'sveryexpensive.（這是貨真價(jià)實(shí)的鉆石,非常貴）/--Isthattrue?—Yes.Ihearditwithmyownears.（那真實(shí)嗎？是的,我親耳所聽）⑷interested與interesting的區(qū)別：interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如：ThemanisVeryinterestingandallthechildrenlikehim.（這個(gè)人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他）/Thisbookisinterestingandyoucanreallyenjoyyourself.（這本書很有趣,你會真正獲得享受）/IaminterestedinSCienCe.（我對自然科學(xué)感興趣）⑸SUCh用法：such+a（n）+名詞（單數(shù)）（+that從句）。如：Ihaveneverseensuchafoolish（愚蠢的）boy.（我從來沒有見過這么蠢的男孩）/Hehadsuchaterribleaccidentthathecouldneverforgetit.（他遭遇了這么可怕的事故,他永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記）⑹good與well：表示“好”時(shí),作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well；表示“（身體）好”時(shí)用well.如：Doingsportsisgoodforus.（進(jìn)行運(yùn)動對我們有益）/Studywellandmakeprogresseveryday.（好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上）/--Howareyou?—Iamverywell.（你好嗎？我很好。）⑺nice與fine：的區(qū)別：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等；fine一般指身體或天氣好。如：Let'sgoandShare（分享）thenicecake.（我們?nèi)シ窒砟菈K美味的蛋糕吧）/Sheisanicegirl.（他是個(gè)漂亮的姑娘）/Whatafineday!（多好的天氣!）/He'sfinerecently（最近）.（近來他身體不錯(cuò)）⑻toomuch與muchtoo：toomuch表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量；muchtoo表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如：IamfullbecauseIhavehadtoomuchrice.（我飽了,因?yàn)槲页粤颂嗟拿罪垼?Thatcoatismuchtoodear.（那件大衣太貴了）⑼quick、fast與soon：quick與fast基本同義,quick往往指反應(yīng)速度快,fast往往指運(yùn)動速度快,而soon則表示時(shí)間上很快即將發(fā)生。如：Afteraquickbreakfast,hehurriedtoschoolleavinghisbagathome.（匆匆地吃過早飯,他朝學(xué)校趕去,卻把書包忘記在家）/Atrainismuchfasterthanabus.（火車比公共汽車快得多）/HisfatherwillbebacktoChinaverysoon.（他父親很快就要返回中國）⑽lonely與alone：lonely是表示心理活動的形容詞,意思是：“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語;alone的意思是：“獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,（作為副詞的alone可作狀語）。如：Helivesalonebuthedoesn,tfeellonely.（他一人獨(dú)住,但是并不感到孤獨(dú)）/Heisalonelyperson.Youcannoteasilygetonwellwithhim.（他是個(gè)孤獨(dú)的人,你要和他相處好實(shí)在不易）（U）other與else的區(qū)別：兩個(gè)詞都可以作形容詞,但是用法不同,other放在名詞前；else修飾不定代詞、疑問詞、little、much,后置,另外,orelse表示“否則”,是連詞。如：Theotherstudentsareontheplayground.（其他學(xué)生在操場上）/Whoelsecanworkoutthismathsproblem?（還有誰能解出著道數(shù)學(xué)題？）/Thisisnobodyelse,smoney.It,smine.（這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。）/Doyouhaveanythingelsetosayforyourself?（你還有什么要為自己說的嗎？（12）SPeCiaI與especial的區(qū)別：表示事件不同尋常、過分或特殊時(shí),兩個(gè)詞可互換,但special較為常用。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。如：Shepays（e）specialattentiontoclothes.（她非常注重著裝）/ThesearespecialchairsforsmallChiIdren.（這些是專門給小孩子的椅子）（13）gone、lost、missing的區(qū)別：gone表示“丟了,沒了”,含一去不復(fù)返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表語或賓補(bǔ),不可以作定語；lost表示“丟失”,含難以找回的意思,可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ);missing表示“失蹤了,不見了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某人物不在原處,可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)。如：Myfever（高燒）isgone,butIstillhaveacough.（發(fā)燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽）/Theparentsfoundthelostchildatlast.（家長終于找到了迷路的孩子）/Mydictionaryismissing.Who/stakenitaway?（我的字典不見了,誰拿走了？）/Formoredetailedinformation（詳情）ofthemissinggirls,pleasevisitOUrWebSite（網(wǎng)址）.（如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請?jiān)L問我們的網(wǎng)站）（14）living、alive、live、lively的區(qū)別：四個(gè)詞都來源于動詞live“生活、居住”。living讀［'liviN］有三個(gè)意思：①“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,作表語或定語,②“一模一樣的、逼真的”,③相當(dāng)于lively,意思是“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”；live讀［laiv］,指東西“活的”,可以替換為living；alive讀［［′laiv］作表語,指人“活著的”,如果作定語,則放在名詞的后面；lively讀［'laivli］有三個(gè)意思：①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,②（色彩）鮮艷的,③生動的、真實(shí)的。例如：Alivinglanguageshouldbelearnedorally（口頭上）.（活的語言應(yīng)該從口頭上學(xué)）（被動句）/WehavealivinghopethatyouwillSUCCeed.（我們強(qiáng)烈地希望你能成功）/ISshestillalive?（她還活著嗎？）/Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.（他們是活著的最開心的孩子）（15）SiCk與ill區(qū)別：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而川只能做表語。如：Hehasbeenill/sickforalongtimeandheisveryweaknow.（他病了很久,現(xiàn)在非常虛弱）/Vetshelptreatsickpetsandmostofthepets,ownerslikethem.（獸醫(yī)幫助診治患病的寵物,很受寵物主人們的喜愛）（16）thepoor（窮人們）/therich（富人們）等用法："the+形容詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示一類人物,復(fù)數(shù)含義。如：Wemusttryourbesttohelpthepoor.（我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助窮人們）/TherichneverknowhowthepoorareIiVing.（有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子）一選擇正確的答案WhichdoesJimmylike ,Chineseorart?A.wellB.bestC.betterD.muchTheChangjiangRiverisoneof intheworld.thelongestriverThemorethelongestriverslongerriver ofthetwowomenisMrsBrown.ThebeautifulThemorebeautifulMorebeautifulThemostbeautifulMymooncakeisnicer his.A.likeB.withC.forD.thanYouarefatterthan .A.he B.hisC.him D.heistallHejumps ofthethree.A.farB.futherC.farthestD.furthestMyhairislongerthan .A.mysisterB.KateThereis paperhere.Pleasebringsome.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.alittleThepenis thanthatone.A.morecheapB.cheapC.muchcheaperD.quitecheaperTomspeaksChinese betterthanJimmy.A.moreB.veryC.alotD.muchThereare girlsinClass2thaninClass4.A.more B.nicestC.most D.bestIt’stoo foryoutodothat.A.easyB.moredangerousC.harderD.theeasistWhohas applesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themostYouhavemorerulersthanme.But arenicerthan mine,yoursmine,yourC.my,yoursD.my,yourTingtingis thanMeimei，butMeimeiis thanTingting.tall,strongertaller,strongesttallest,strongtaller,strongerMotheris inmyfamily.A.busyB.busierC.thebusiestD.morebusyThereare intheparkonSundays.morechildrenalotofpeoplemuchmenandwomenmanypeoplesThedumplingsare thanthenoodles,Ithink.morenicermuchdeliciousverynicemuchmoredeliciousSheis thanmeatdrawing.A.betterB.bestC.goodD.harderA.small B.smallerC.thesmallestD.smallest二．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Yourclassroomis (wide)and (bright)thanours.Thereare hoursofsunlightadayinwinterthaninsummer.(few)Whichdoyoulike ,mathsorchemistry?(well)Thisisthe filmIhaveeverseen.(good)Africaisthesecond continent.(large)Whathesaidmadehismothermuch .(angry)I’mnotas ashe.(careful)We’vegotas booksasweneed.(many)Theyhavedone (much)workwith (little)money.Practiceas asyoucan.(much)You’rethe personI’veeverseen.(kind)Heis thanhistwosisters.(young)The (old)Iget,the (strong)Iseemtofeel.Theweatherisgetting (warm)and (warm).Youarefar thanyouwere.(polite)Thepatientisno thanpeople.(well)Icandoitwellwitheven money.(little)三．中考真題測試TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch nowthanafewyearsago.A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanestMycousinhaschangedalot.Sheusedtobe butnowsheistall.A.shortB.thinC.prettyD.heavyMobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare thanbefore.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest—Wespentallourmoneybecausewestayedatthemostexpensivehotelintown.—Whydidn’tyoustayat one?A.acheapB.acheaperC.thecheapD.thecheaper—Doyoulikewesternfood?—No.Thefoodofourcountryis thatofwesterncountries.rathergoodthanmuchbetterthanmorebetterthanThisis thatallofusbelieveit’sveryimportant.suchusefulinformationsousefulaninformationsousefulinformationsuchausefulinformation—Mum,couldIhaveanMP3—Certainly,wecanbuy one,butasgoodasthis.A.acheapB.acheapestC.acheaperD.thecheapestTheharderwework,the resultwewillget.A.faster B.fewerC.better D.thecheapestWeshouldkeepoureyes whiledoingeyeexercises.A.closeB.closedC.openD.openedLookatthemanintherightpicture.Heis .right-handedleft-handednohandahand—Tomisgoodatdrawing.HowaboutMike?—Mikeis ,Ithink.HehasgotmoreprizesthanTom.A.