高中語法過關(guān)訓(xùn)練 四、形容詞、副詞

1.有些形容詞只能作表語，補語，而且不能用very修飾。如：afraid(害怕)，alike(相似的),alive(活的),alone(單獨的),asleep(睡著的),awake(醒著的),ill(病的),ashamed(慚愧的),sure(的確的),unable(不能的),worth(值得的),well(身體安好的)等。如：這小孩熟睡了。Thebabyfellveryasleep.(錯)Thebabyfellfastasleep.(正)他非常怕狗。Heisveryafraidofdog.(錯)Heismuchafraidofdog.(正)2.形容詞名詞化，如：Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthegood,andthegoodisnotalwaysthetrue.Thericharenotalwayshappy.3.少數(shù)形容詞(worth,near,like,opposite等)有介詞性質(zhì)，有時用作介詞。如：Westayedinthehotelnearestthestation.Heismorelikeaspearthananythingelse.Theysatoppositeeachother.4.“the+形容詞或副詞比較級，the+形容詞或副詞比較級”這一句型的意思是“越……就越……”。例如：Thericheracountryis,thebetterthepeople’slifewillbe.Themorediligentyouare,thegreatersuccessyouwillachieve.Themorehehas,themorehewants.Thelighter(itis),thebetter(itis).Thesooner,thebetter.5.形容詞的位置排列：1)同類形容詞第一種情況是將較短的形容詞放在較長的形容詞前面。第二種情況是將關(guān)系較密切的形容詞的放在最接近名詞的地方。如：Heisatall,strongandintelligentboy.ItisaneasyandinterestingFrenchnovel.形容詞的類別和放置順序可以細(xì)分如下表：代詞（形容詞）⑴冠詞前代詞：allboth,such,what等.⑵冠詞，指示代詞，所有格不定代詞：the,a(an),your,Tom’s,this,that,those,another,some,any等數(shù)詞⑶序數(shù)詞：first,second,third,fourth,fifth,next,last等.⑷基數(shù)詞：one,two,three,many,much,few,little等.性狀形容詞⑸性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)形容詞：kind,fine,good,side,interesting等。⑹大小、長短、形狀的形容詞：large,small,big,long,short,round等。⑺新舊、老幼、溫度的形容詞：old,new,young,cool,hot,warm等。⑻顏色的形容詞：red,blue,white,green等。⑼國籍的形容詞：Chinese,Japanese,English,American,French等。⑽材料的形容詞：Iron,brick,stone,silk等。⑾名詞、動名詞boy,house,book,vase,fishing等。2)不同類形容詞：“代詞（形容詞性）+數(shù)詞+性狀形容詞+名詞”如：a(great)bigtallpolicemanthisbeautifuloldbrownFrenchhandmadecupboardThosefivefineoldreddilapidatedhousesareunsafe.Therearemanyinterestingoldhistorybooksonthedesk.6.副詞的位置：1)前位副詞：疑問副詞、關(guān)系副詞、連接副詞和一些修飾全句的副詞，常在句首或主語的前面。如：actually,fortunately,certainly,surely,secondly,generally,perhaps,maybe,first,atfirst等。如：Maybeyouareright.Luckily,Peterwasthere.Certainly,weshouldtryourbesttohelphim.2)中位副詞：頻度副詞常在動詞前面，程度副詞常在它所修飾詞的前面。如：Sheoftendoesthis.Shealwaysworkslikethat.Sheisseldomill.Thereistoomuchice.3)后位副詞：地點副詞、方式副詞和一些時間副詞，常在句末。Everythingwentsmoothly.Youshouldn’tstayuptoolate.Irememberhavingseenhimsomewhere.7.三者比較（最高級）“the+最高級+單數(shù)名詞+of(或among)+人或物+in+場所+thatsbhaveeverseen/heard/beento”等。例如：Heistheyoungestboyofthem.Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlofallthegirls.Sheisoneofthemostbeautifulgirlsinourschool.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.8.very與much1)very修飾形容詞或副詞的原形，much修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級，修飾動詞要用much或verymuch.例如：verygood,verywell,muchbetterIlikethisfilmverymuch.2)very修飾用作形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：veryinteresting,veryexciting,verysatisfying3)very修飾某些習(xí)慣上已被用作形容詞（不管是作表語還是作定語）的過去分詞。例如：averypleasedlook,averydelightedboyHeisverytired.MyEnglishisverylimited.這類詞還有：frightened,disappointed,satisfied,excited,interested,pleased,surprised,troubled,worried等。但若用在by句中，就該用much來修飾。Thelittlegirlwasmuchfrightenedbythestrangenoise.4)much可以修飾動詞,very則不能。修飾動詞時應(yīng)注意much或verymuch的位置。例如：Ienjoytheconcert(very)much.I(very)muchenjoytheconcert.5)在英國，只能用作表語的某些形容詞，例如：alive,alone,afraid,ashamed等前面用much或verymuch來修飾，但在美國，往往用very,如：“veryafraid”.9.ago與beforeago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前”；before表示過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻“以前”；泛指“以前”，用before而不用ago。例如：Istartedworkingintheschoolthreeyearsago.Lastyearheleftthearmythathehadjoinedeighteenyearsbefore.We(have)nevermetthembefore.10.fairly與ratherfairly常含有褒義，rather則多含貶義；fairly不能與too和比較級連用，而rather則可以與too和比較級連用：Johnisfairlyclever,butMaryisratherstupid.Thisboxisratherheavy,butthatoneisfairlylight.Thatcarisratherlargethanhewants.11.almost,nearly,aboutabout在修飾時間、數(shù)目等時，意義與almost,nearly不同。例如：Itisaboutthreeo’clockHeisaboutthirty.Heisnearlythirty.Itisalmost（nearly）threeo’clock.almost和nearly可以修飾形容詞、副詞(注意其位置），但about則不能。例如：Healmost(nearly)drowned.注意：almost可與noone連用,而nearly則不能。Almostnoonetookanyrest.12.比較級和最高級前面的程度狀語：形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級前面加上某些副詞或數(shù)詞，可以提高程度或降低程度。見下表：almosttwicenearlythreetimeshalfone-thirdjustWehaveathirdasmanystudentsaswehadlastterm.+as+形容詞副詞原形+as+…manyalotmuchabitevenalittlestillagreatdealyethalfaheadfartwoyearsslightlyone-thirdrathertenpercenttentimestwiceIamtwoyearolderthanhe.Icamethreehoursearlierthantheothers.比較級形容詞比較級副詞++than+…Healthismoreimportantthanwealth.theverymuchthebyfarthefarandawaythe++名詞+aboutthethesecondthethirdHainanisChina’ssecondlargestisland.muchfaragreatdeal形容詞最高級副詞最高級of人或物in地點theverymuchtheGoldisbyfarthemostvaluableofallmetals.farawaythe注：byfar只能在最高級前面或者在帶有限制性修飾語的比較級前，否則要放在后面。如：Heisbyfarthetallestofall.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwo.Heisbetterbyfar.13.英語中倍數(shù)的表示法：1)……倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than……(甲)比(乙)(大、長、高)多少倍。如：ThiscityisfivetimesbiggerthanthatoneThepopulationofShanghaiisnearly4timeslargerthanthatofHefei.2)……as+形容詞/副詞原級+as……(甲)是(乙的)多少倍。如：Thiscityis5timesasbigasthatone.Thehallistwiceasbigastheclassroom.3)……倍數(shù)+thesize/length/height+of……(甲)是(乙的)多少倍。如：Thiscityis5timesthesizeofthatone.Thebooksinourlibraryare3timesthenumberofthoseintheirs.14.當(dāng)形容詞比較級修飾可數(shù)名詞或其本身當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞時，常用many加強程度；反之，當(dāng)形容詞比較級修飾不可數(shù)名詞或其本身當(dāng)作不可數(shù)名詞用時，則用much加強程度。例如：Weboughtmanymorebooksyesterday.Manymoreofthepeopletookpartintheactivity.Inthiswaymuchmoreenergycanbesaved.Muchmoreoftheairhasbeenpollutedinthatcity15.already,yet,still1)already表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生，yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，still表示某事還在進行，主要用于肯定句。例如：He’salreadyfinishedhiswork.Hshasn’tfinishedhisworkyet.AreyoustilllearningFrench?2)already和yet可用于疑問句，但含義不同。例如：HaveyoumetMr.Wangyet?(=uptothismoment)(一般性問句)Haveyoualready(=soonerthanexpected)metMr.Wang?(表示出乎意料)1.Seeingthetroublehehadcaused,hepromisedtobemore___infuture.A.carefullyB.careC.carefulD.careless2.Shelikestosleepwiththewindow___.A.openingB.openedC.openD.opens3.Theorangestaste___.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell4.Weallthought___oftheteacher’sadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.highB.highlyC.tallD.verytall5.The____childdarednotcryout.A.afraidB.asleepC.sleptD.sleepy6.Whichdoyoulike___,thechickorthefish?A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best7.My___sisteristwoyears___thanI.A.older;elderB.elder;olderC.old;elderD.elder;old8.Idon’tliketeaandshedoesn’t___.A.eitherB.neitherC.tooD.also9.Itwascoldlastyear,butitis___colderthisyear.A.justB.evenC.onlyD.about10.Thehorseisgettingoldandcannotrun___itdid.A.asfastasB.sofastthanC.sofasterthanD.asfasteras11.Takeiteasy.It’s___.A.importantnothingB.importantsomethingC.somethingimportantD.nothingimportant12.Afewpeoplehavedecidedtoleave,but___arestillhesitating.A.amoreB.otherC.muchmoreD.manymore13.---Wouldyoulikesomewine?---Yes.Just___.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew14.Slowdown!Youaregoing___.A.muchtoofastB.fasttoomuchC.toomuchfastD.toofaster15.Hesaidhewouldcomeand___hedid.A.sureenoughB.enoughsureC.toosureD.sosure16.Theladyspoketousina____voice.A.loudlyB.gentlyC.softlyD.friendly17.Myfriendsare___teacherswhoworkinthemiddleschool.A.almostB.mostC.mostlyD.atmost18.Thisproblemofhisis___difficultforus.Canyouworkitout?A.quiteB.tooC.ratherD.so19.---HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?---Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe___daysattheseaside.A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast.20.WhenIopenedthedoor,Isawanoldwomanwhowas___dressed.A.badB.poorC.goodD.badly21.Youranswersounds___.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting22.Itwasa__storm.AafraidB.frightfulC.frightenedD.feared23.Atthemeeting,hekept___allthetime.A.silentlyB.silencelyC.silentD.silence24.Theyalllooked__atthemasterandfeltquite___.A.sad;sadB.sad;sadlyC.sadly;sadlyD.sadly;sad25.Peterdoeswellinmaths.Marydoeswell___.A.tooB.eitherC.alsoD.neither26.Wehavenothad___dayasthisformanyweeks.A.asohotB.sohotaC.soahotD.atoohot27.The___practiceyouhave,the___mistakesyou’llmake.A.much;littleB.more;fewerC.more;lessD.most;fewest28.Hearrivedatlast___.A.wastiredandhungryB.hadhungerandangerC.tiredandhungryD.tiredlyandhungrily29.Thedoctoraskedmetoopenmymouth___.A.biggerB.muchbiggerC.morewidelyD.wider30.---___doeshehelpyouwithyourEnglish?---Onceaweek.A.HowmuchB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howoften31.He’s___toknowtheanswer.A.likelyB.probableC.maybeD.probably32.Thatrailwayextends_____.A.thewestB.towestC.westwardD.inthewest33.Heis___interestedinEnglish.Heoftenworksatit___intothenight.A.deep;deepB.deeply;deepC.deep;deeplyD.deeply;deeply34.Theoldmanlived___inthe___mountainvillage.A.lonely;aloneB.alone;lonelyC.alone;aloneD.lonely;lonely35.Sheis___ofthetwogirls.A.fatB.fatterC.thefattestD.thefatter36.Bruceisa___goodplayer,butJohnisa___badone.A.fairly;ratherB.fairly;fairlyC.rather;ratherD.rather;fairly37.Thetreeisastallas___building.A.two-storeyB.two-storeiesC.two-storeyedD.two-storeying38.____intheUnitedStatesarenotveryhappyA.ArichB.TherichesC.ThepoormanD.Therich39.Maryisagoodstudent.She___latetoschool.A.neverisB.nevercomesC.seldomisD.comesseldom40.---WhatdoyouthinkofherEnglish?---Oh,shespeaksEnglish___,herteacher.A.asgoodas;ifnotbetterthanB.aswellas;ifnotbetterthanC.morebetterthan;ifnotgoodD.sowellthat;ifnotmorethan41.Themuseumwas___thanexpected.A.evenmuchinterestingB.farmoreinterestingC.somoreinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting42.___hedoesn’tworkonSaturdays.A.AlwaysB.NeverC.SometimesD.Seldom43.Johnis___cleverestboyintheschool.A.farB.thefarC.bythefarD.byfarthe44.Actually,___heis,___hefeels.A.thebusier;happierB.busier;happierC.busier;thehappierD.thebusier;thehappier45.Ourhallis__theirs.A.twiceasbigasB.twicesolargeasC.astwicelargeasD.dotwicelargeas46.Mybrotheris____yours.A.thesameoldtoB.thesameagethanC.asoldlikeD.dotwicelargeas47.TheYangtzeRiveris___thePearlRiver.A.threetimeslongasB.asthreetimeslongerasC.threetimesaslongasD.aslongthreetimesas48.Thereareasmanystudentsinourclass___.A.asintheirsB.astheirsC.astheirclassD.asthoseontheirclass49.Thestockingsaresowornoutthattheycan’tbemended___.A.nolongerB.nomoreC.anylongerD.anymore50.Willyoutellmeaboutthe___news?A.laterB.latestC.latterD.late51.___theboyistolearntotalk!A.HowslowlyB.HowslowC.WhataslowD.Whataslowway52.Maryis___toanswerthequestioncorrectly.A.toocleverB.socleverC.cleverenoughD.Whataslowway53.Thewashing-machineis__cheaperthantheoneweboughtlastyear.A.moreB.lessC.noD.very54.Weareworkinghardtomakeourcountrymore____.A.beautyB.beautifullyC.beautifyD.beautiful55.Ithinkthisis__Icandoforyouatthemoment.A.bestlyB.thebestC.betterD.good56.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining____.A.badlyB.hardlyC.heavilyD.strongly57.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave__school.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime58.Mr.Brown___workshere.Heleftaboutthreeyearsago.A.notnowB.nowmoreC.notstillD.nolonger59.HespeaksEnglish__-hewritesit.A.notsogoodasB.asbadasC.worsethanD.evenmoreworsethan60.Bettystood__toherteacherandwatched__whathewasdoing.A.close;closelyB.close;closeC.closely’closeD.close;closely61.Whichsubjectis___,mathsorphysics?A.difficultB.moreeasierC.moredifficultD.moreeasy62.Whatapitythathehasmade___friendssincehejoinedtheclub.A.onlyafewB.quiteafewC.afewD.quitealittle63.Theycamehere___thanwe.A.latterB.laterC.lastD.lastest64.Theytoldmethathehadleftforthecountrysomedays___.A.agoB.afterC.longD.before65.ATaleofTwoCitiesis____anovel.Ithelpsustounderstandthehistoryofthattime.A.notmorethanB.nomorethanC.lessthanD.morethan66.Theweatherisnot__hot.A.thatB.suchaC.thenD.than67.Mr.Smithis___respectedbyhisstudents.A.extremeB.ratherC.muchD.very68.Thecardroveoffat___speed.A.headB.fullCeveryD.whole69.Thestormkeptme__allthroughthenight.A.awakeB.awokeC.awakedD.awoken70.Hesays___bydoesmuch.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew71.Itis___question.A.themostdifficultB.themoredifficultC.amostdifficultD.amoredifficult72.Henrysaidhewasfeeling___thatday.A.muchmoreB.alotofcoldC.alotgoodD.alotbetter73.Pleasesendmethebookat___convenience.A.theyourearliestB.you’retheearliestC.yourearliestD.theyourearlier74.Theshoesare___,butIdon’tcareabit.A.tooalittlesmallB.alittletosmallC.toosmallalittleD.alittlesmalltoo75.Thepianointheothershopwill__,but___A.cheaper;notsogoodB.morecheap;notasbetterC.cheaper;notsobetterD.morecheap;notasgood76.“I’maspoorasyou”means“___”.A.I’mevenpoorerB.I’mnoricherthanyouC.I’mnotasrichasyouD.You’rericherthanme77.Those__glassesaretoo___forthechildrentoreach.A.high;tallB.tall;highC.tall;tallD.high;high78.---Howareyourbrotherandsister?---Theyarevery___.Thankyou.A.healthB.goodC.kindD.well79.Ofalltheapplesinthebasket,thisoneis___.A.redB.redderC.thereddestD.theredest80.The___girloftenvisitedEinsteinonherwayhomefromschool.A.twelve-year-oldB.twelve-year-oldsC.twelve-years-oldD.twelfth-year-old81.Tomisn’thetallestboyin