新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第1部分閱讀理解與閱讀七選五專題1第9 體裁微解新聞報(bào)道 (含解析)

第9講體裁微解——新聞報(bào)道新聞報(bào)道的第一句往往為全文的中心句(topicsentence)，因此在這個(gè)句子中主要講清what(事件)，when(時(shí)間)，where(地點(diǎn))和who(人物)，而在下文則要補(bǔ)充事件的過(guò)程和細(xì)節(jié)，往往包括why(目的或原因)和how(具體過(guò)程)等。新聞報(bào)道的一些常用語(yǔ)包括Itisreportedthat...，Asisreported...，Accordingtothereport...，Itisestimatedthat...等。新聞報(bào)道亦為記敘文，時(shí)態(tài)一般要用過(guò)去時(shí)；主句、從句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，語(yǔ)言客觀平實(shí)，往往沒(méi)有過(guò)分花哨的詞匯和過(guò)于復(fù)雜的句型。主要具有以下特點(diǎn)：選材新聞報(bào)道要突出新聞性，作者應(yīng)避免對(duì)該新聞事件進(jìn)行主觀判斷和評(píng)價(jià)。內(nèi)容新聞報(bào)道的內(nèi)容真實(shí)、新鮮、及時(shí)、重要、趣味可讀，時(shí)效性極強(qiáng)。結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)題＋導(dǎo)語(yǔ)＋正文＋結(jié)束語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言短小精悍(常用代詞)；客觀真實(shí)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和間接引語(yǔ)的使用)。命題題型主要為觀點(diǎn)推斷題；考查語(yǔ)篇銜接，推斷某一特定詞或者短語(yǔ)的指代內(nèi)容；考查主旨?xì)w納題。新聞報(bào)道主要是提供事實(shí)信息，一般是簡(jiǎn)單敘述事件發(fā)生的五要素，事件經(jīng)過(guò)和各方反應(yīng)，很少去探究事件背后深層次的原因。新聞報(bào)道的體裁主要有消息、通訊，通常采用記敘的方式來(lái)講清事實(shí)(即時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因)，強(qiáng)調(diào)用事實(shí)說(shuō)話，注重準(zhǔn)確客觀。因此，做題時(shí)要關(guān)注新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié)。具體答題策略如下：(2019·浙江·B)Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth，aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread，“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”P(pán)eoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars，manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages，races，andsocio-economic(社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的)backgroundsgaveandtook，”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox，whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles，butafewpeopleleftfives，tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost，isthattheywerefullofsmiles，”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew，butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign，Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall，everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays，”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文向讀者介紹了TylerBridges創(chuàng)辦的一項(xiàng)“盡你所能，取你所需”的活動(dòng)。這一活動(dòng)吸引了許多不同的人，其唯一目的就是證明人們的慷慨和同情心。結(jié)果顯示，人們付出的多，拿取的少，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。24．Whatdoestheexpression“Moneywithnostringsattached.”inparagraph1mean?A．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynottiedtogether.答案C解析句意理解題。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容并結(jié)合木板上寫(xiě)的“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知，附在木板上的錢(qián)是可以隨意取的，并不附帶任何條件，故選C。25．WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A．Womentendedtobemoresociable.B．Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C．Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D．Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Peopleofallages，races...evenhadabride”可推知，Bridges提到新娘參與該活動(dòng)是為了說(shuō)明參與人員的多樣性，故選B。26．WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A．Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B．Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C．Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D．Topromotekindnessandsympathy.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，Bridges開(kāi)展這個(gè)活動(dòng)的目的是提倡仁慈和同情，故選D。ALaunchedinSingaporelastNovember，HongKong-basedcompanyOmnifoodshasintroducedarangeofsixplant-basedseafoodstostandinfortuna，crabandwhitefish.Similartotheirporksubstitutes，thenewproductsaresaidtoofferasafeandalternativesourceofproteinwhiletacklingenvironmentalconcernslikeoverfishingandworseningoftheseas.Omnifoods’expansioncomesatatimewhenthemarketforplant-basedproductsisgrowing.AccordingtoEnterpriseSingapore，localinterestinsensibleconsumptiondoubledin2021，andflexitarians—peoplewhoprimarilyeataplant-baseddietbutoccasionallyconsumemeatorseafood—representthefastestgrowth.Theoceanisanotherreasoncitedastheneedforplant-basedseafood.Theaveragepersonhereconsumed22kgofseafoodlastyear，surpassingtheglobalaverageof20kg.TheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)alsoobservedthatthreequartersoftheseafoodservedinSingaporeisunsustainable.Besides，fishfarminginvolvestheuseofchemicalstopreventdiseaseandparasitesandthesechemicalsthenaccumulateinfishtissues，whichbecomesaseriousthreattopeople’shealth.Omnifoodssaystheirproductsaddressalltheseconcerns.Madeprimarilyfromnon-geneticallymodifiedsoybeans，theplant-basedalternativesarefreeofharmfulsubstances，absolutelysafe.Thecompanypointedoutthattheproductsshareasimilarlook，feelandtasteoftherealthing.“We’vedonepilottastetestswithfriends，family，andonesushirestaurant.Manyadmiretheappearanceandmouthfeelthatourtunaproducthasaswellasitsnutritionalbenefits.Nowwearestrugglingtoimproveourproductuntilit’sanexactmatchortastesbetterthananimal-basedtuna，”addedDavidYeung.BesidesOmnifoods，Singaporecompaniesarealsoexploringthealternativeseafoodmarket.GrowthwellGrouprecentlyraisedUS$22milliontofunditsattemptintoshrimp，squidandcrabmadeusingchickpeaprotein.“Globaldemandforplant-basedmeatsisalsoshootingup，withthevaluesettoreachUS$23.2billionby2024，”saidmarketresearchcompanyEuromonitor.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了去年11月，總部位于香港的Omnifoods公司在新加坡推出了6種植物性海鮮，取代了金槍魚(yú)、螃蟹和白魚(yú)。還介紹了推動(dòng)植物性海鮮受歡迎的因素以及這一行業(yè)的前景情況。1．Whichisthehighlightoftheplant-basedseafood?A．Beingreasonably-priced.B．Beingphysically-appealing.C．Beingenvironmentally-friendly.D．Beingpersonally-tailored.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的tacklingenvironmentalconcerns可知，植物性海鮮的亮點(diǎn)是環(huán)保。故選C。2．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlyfocuson?A．Therecenttrendinpeople’sdiet.B．Thepotentialrisksoffishingfarming.C．ThemethodsofOmnifoodsexpandingitsbusiness.D．Thefactorsdrivingthepopularityofplant-basedseafood.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段可知，此段主要講的是推動(dòng)植物性海鮮受歡迎的因素。故選D。3．Whichbestdescribestheprospectofthealternativeseafoodmarket?A．Promising. B．Risky.C．Worrying. D．Uncertain.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句和最后一段可推知，替代海鮮市場(chǎng)的前景非常樂(lè)觀。故選A。4．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．RealSeafoodIstobeReplacedB．Alternative-seafoodHasaLongWaytoGoC．Omnifoods：APioneerofPlant-basedSeafoodD．NextFoodFrontier：SeafoodMadeFromPlants答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段并結(jié)合文章主要介紹了推動(dòng)植物性海鮮受歡迎的因素以及這一行業(yè)的前景情況可知，D項(xiàng)“下一個(gè)食品前沿：植物制造的海鮮”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。B(2022·安徽江南十校一模聯(lián)考)Watchinghisfatherdiewithoutoxygensupportwhilesufferingfromaheartattackin2020，TaherMahmudTarif，aBangladeahiboy，madeuphismindtobuildadevicetopreventanymoresuchtragicdeaths.Afterwards，manyCOVID-19patientsexperiencedlowoxygenlevelsintheirblood，withdemandforoxygenconcentrators(濃縮器)amongothermedicalequipmentshootingupduringtherecentsharpriseincases.Tarifsaidthesituationgavehimmoredrivingforcetobuildthedevice.WiththefinancialandoverallsupportofIshwardiUNOofficeandhiseducationalinstitution，Tarif’sdeterminationandtirelesseffortswererewardedwithsuccessastheninthgraderofIshwardiSaraMarwariHighSchoolmanagedtomaketheconcentratoraftertryingfivetimesforaboutsevenmonths，mainlyusingdomesticcomponents.Hesaidthatalocallymadeoxygenconcentratorlikehiscostsapproximately$760whereasanimportedonedoesover$2,600.InJune，TarifgaveadetailedaccountofhisinventionandmanufactureattheUNOofficeinIshwardiat11∶00amonTuesday.Hesaiditwascreatedfromhisownthinkingandwiththeadditionoflocaltechnologygeneratorsandelectriccomponents.Anoxygenconcentratortakesinairandremovesnitrogen(氮?dú)?fromit，leavingoxygen-enrichedgasforusebypeopleneedingmedicaloxygen.“About90percentoxygenconcentrationcanbegeneratedfrommyoxygenconcentratormachine.Thismachinecanprovidehigh-flowoxygensupplytoo.Itcanbeveryhandyinlocalareaswithnoscopeofgettingoxygensupport，”Tarifadded.“Thisisobviouslyagoodinventionforoxygengeneration.Itiscapableofproducinghigh-flowoxygensoitcanbeusedforpatientsorrefillingoxygenbottles，”saidanassistantprofessorofPabnaMedicalCollegeHospital.“Despitemorelabandotherexaminationsbeforeusingthemachineasmedicalequipment，”theUNOsaid，“Tarif’sinventionwillprobablybeagreatachievementduringthisalarmingCOVID-19situation.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。孟加拉國(guó)的一位少年在經(jīng)歷了父親因缺氧去世，又目睹了新冠疫情下眾多病人因缺氧生命危在旦夕之后，在自己的不懈努力和當(dāng)?shù)芈?lián)合國(guó)組織的資助下，成功利用國(guó)內(nèi)配件自制出氧氣壓縮機(jī)。5．WhydidTarifbuildanoxygenconcentrator?A．Becausehisfatherneededone.B．BecausehisfatherdiedofCOVID-19.C．BecauseCOVID-19patientsneedoxygen.D．Becausehewantstohelpsaveotherpatients.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和最后一句可知，Tarif的父親因缺氧去世以及新冠病人需要氧氣的現(xiàn)狀是他發(fā)明氧氣壓縮機(jī)的動(dòng)機(jī)，即為了拯救更多因缺氧而危在旦夕的病人。故選D。6．WhatcanweknowaboutTarif’sinventioninparagraph2?A．Itmostlyconsistsoflocalparts.B．Itsucceededatthefirstattempt.C．Itwasmadewithoutothers’help.D．Itcostsmorethan2,600dollars.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“mainlyusingdomesticcomponents”可知，Tarif的發(fā)明主要使用國(guó)內(nèi)配件。故選A。7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Tarif’sinventionhasnotbeentestedyet.B．Tarif’sinventionhasapromisingfuture.C．Tarif’sinventionproducesoxygenbottles.D．Tarif’sinventionhasprovedusefulforCOVID-19.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，雖然這項(xiàng)發(fā)明在正式作為醫(yī)療器械之前還需要更多的試驗(yàn)和測(cè)試，但它很可能將在應(yīng)對(duì)疫情中發(fā)揮重要的作用。故選B。8．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Abrochure.C．Anewspaper. D．Anovel.答案C解析文章出處題。本文圍繞孟加拉國(guó)少年Tarif發(fā)明氧氣壓縮機(jī)而展開(kāi)，第一段介紹了氧氣壓縮機(jī)的發(fā)明背景，第二段敘述了Tarif發(fā)明氧氣壓縮機(jī)的過(guò)程，第三段說(shuō)明了氧氣壓縮機(jī)的工作原理，最后一段展望了氧氣壓縮機(jī)的應(yīng)用前景。所以本文很有可能是一篇選自報(bào)紙的新聞報(bào)道。故選C。強(qiáng)化練(十七)新聞報(bào)道ADesperatetohelphis96-year-oldmothertospeakhermothertongueagain，KeithMcDermottmadeanappealonsocialmediaandwasmetwithafloodofkindresponses.Theoldlady，Ray，wasmovedtotearsaftertalkingonthephonewithoneoftheenthusiasticrespondentsinWelsh.RaymovedtoAmericaaftermeetingherhusbandwhenshewasonly18，hencewavinggoodbyetoherlifeinWales.ShecontinuedtospeakWelshwithhermum—keepingalittlebitofhome.Butshelostherbelovedmumfourdecadesagoandhadn’tspokenWelsheversince.Despitesufferingfromshort-termmemorylossandsometimesnotrememberingwhatshehasdonerecently，Ray’schildhoodmemoriesinWalesremainclear.“ShewantstoreturnbutIknow，givenherage，suchlong-distancetravelisoutofthequestion，”saidKeith.“Onceshementioned‘IwishIcouldspeakWelshagainbutIsupposeIneverwill.’ItwasthenthatIthoughtIshouldmakeherwishhappen.”SoKeith,70，postedonsocialmediaintheNewYorkWelshareaaskingforanyWelshspeakersthatcouldspeakWelshwithhismum.Andhewastouched，aswellasalittleshocked，toreceiveover30responseswithinhalfanhour.KeiththankedeveryoneandeventuallyaskedMelisatogivehismumaphonecall.“SpeakingwithMelisa，her(Ray’s)Welshwasalittlerusty.AfewmoreWelshconversationsandIthinkshe’dbefluentagain，”addedKeith.“Whenyouhaveaparentintheirnineties，youwillfindyoutwohavesomethingincommon：you’rebothold，soIamverysympathetictomymother’sfeelingsoflonelinessandisolation(孤立)．I’mfeelingitmyself.”KeithhopestosetupmoreWelshphoneconversationsforhismumandMelisahaspromisedtosendRaysomeshortstoriesinWelshtoremindherofherlifeinWales.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一則新聞報(bào)道。這篇文章主要講了KeithMcDermott急切地想幫助96歲的母親再次說(shuō)母語(yǔ)，于是他在社交媒體上發(fā)出了呼吁，并得到了大量善意的回應(yīng)。1．WhydidKeithpostamessageonsocialmedia?A．TogatherAmericanWelshspeakers.B．TohelphismumspeakWelshagain.C．Toslowdownhismum’smemoryloss.D．Totrackdownhisfamily’sWelshorigin.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，Keith在社交媒體上發(fā)信息是想幫他媽媽再次說(shuō)威爾士語(yǔ)。故選B。2．HowdidKeithfeelafterseeingtheresponses?A．Surprisedandmoved.B．Concernedandthankful.C．Sympatheticandexcited.D．Astonishedandisolated.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，Keith看到這些回應(yīng)后，感到既吃驚又感動(dòng)。故選A。3．Whatisconveyedinthestory?A．Socialmediacontributetocloserfamilyties.B．Mothertonguemeansmorethanalanguage.C．Childhoodexperiencesshapeone’slaterlife.D．Onewillbemoresensitivewhengettingolder.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段并結(jié)合整篇文章內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章傳達(dá)了這樣一個(gè)理念：母語(yǔ)不僅僅意味著一種語(yǔ)言，它是內(nèi)心深處的一種細(xì)膩溫暖的情感的體現(xiàn)。故選B。4．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Acommunitynoticeboard.B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Alanguage-learningwebsite.D．Alocalnewspaper.答案D解析文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段第一句并結(jié)合整篇文章內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章主要講了KeithMcDermott急切地想幫助96歲的母親再次說(shuō)母語(yǔ)，于是他在社交媒體上發(fā)出了呼吁，并得到了大量善意的回應(yīng)。由此可見(jiàn)這是一則新聞報(bào)道，最可能出現(xiàn)在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覉?bào)紙上。故選D。B(2022·福建漳州質(zhì)檢)GuyBryantneverintendedtobeafatherfigure.Butoverthepast12years，he’shousedmorethan50fosterkidsinhisBrooklynapartment.Fordecades，Bryant,61，workedwithteensagingoutofNewYork’schildwelfaresystem.Hisjobwastofindservicesthatwouldmakethetransition(過(guò)渡)tolivingontheirowneasier.ButhefeltthatwhathecouldaccomplishattheNewYorkCityAdministrationforChildren’sServicesofficewasn’tenough.Soin2007，hedecidedtobecomeafosterparent.Inaninterviewlastmonth，BryanttoldRomarioVassell,21，oneofhisfosterchildren，thatagreeingtocareforhimwasdefinitelyoneofthebestdecisionshemadeinfostercare.BryanttoldVassellthathewasnervouswhenhetookinhisfirstfosterchild.Hesaid，“Ilivedaloneatthatpoint，andhewasakidthatnobodywantedtotakebecauseofhisbehaviors.Hegotinafightandheappearedatmyhouse.”BryantsaidhisfamilythoughthewasoutofhismindformakingsuchabiglifestylechangeandwonderedhowBryantwouldadjust.BryanthadbeenVassell’sassignedcaseworkerwhentheymet.BryantsuggestedthatVassell，thenanuntidy18-year-old，considerfostercareasanoptiontogetoutofthehomelessshelterwherehewasstaying.Atfirst，Vassellwashesitant.“Ididn’tknowhowfostercarewas，”hesaid.SincelivingwithBryant，Vassellnowfeelslikehehasasupportnetwork.“IfIfeeldownandlikeI’mcornered，IhavesomeoneIcanreachouttoandtalkto，”hesaid.“Andthat’swhatIreallylove.”BryanttoldVassell，“Whateveryou’velearnedfromme，Iwantyoutoteachittosomeoneelse.Becausethat’swhat’simportanttome.”eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是GuyBryant收養(yǎng)了50多個(gè)孩子的善舉。)5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theshiftofteens’life.B．AnintroductionofBryant’stask.C．Bryant’schallengeasafosterparent.D．ThereasonforBryant’sbeingafosterparent.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句可知，第二段的主要內(nèi)容是Bryant成為養(yǎng)父母的原因。故選D。6．HowdidBryant’sfamilyfeelabouthisdecision?A．Disappointed. B．Ashamed.C．Puzzled. D．Embarrassed.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，Bryant的家人對(duì)他的決定感到不解和困惑，故選C。7．WhatcanweknowaboutVassellfromthetext?A．Heisnowlivingalone.B．HewasBryant’sfirstfosterkid.C．HerefusedBryant’sofferatfirst.D．Hewasinstructedtopaykindnessforward.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，瓦塞爾被教導(dǎo)要繼續(xù)行善。故選D。8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tocallforsocialcare.B．TopraiseBryant’sdeeds.C．TotellthestoryofVassell.D．TocommentonBryant’slife.答案B解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要講的是GuyBryant收養(yǎng)了50多個(gè)孩子的善舉，因此本文的目的是贊美Bryant的事跡。故選B。CHalfofallworktaskswillbehandledbymachinesby2025inashiftlikelytoworseninequality，aWorldEconomicForumreporthasforecast.Thethinktanksaida“robotrevolution”wouldcreate97millionjobsworldwidebutdestroyalmostasmany，leavingsomecommunitiesatrisk.Routineormanualjobsinadministrationanddataprocessingweremostatthreatofautomation，WEFsaid.Butitsaidtherewouldbeaneedfornewjobsincare，bigdataandthegreeneconomy.TheWEFsurveyed300oftheworld’sbiggestcompanies，withmorethan8millionemployeesglobally.Morethan50%ofemployerssurveyedsaidtheyexpectedtospeeduptheautomationofsomerolesintheircompanies，while43%felttheywerelikelytocutjobsduetotechnology.WEFsaidthepandemic(疫情)hadspeduptheadoptionofnewtechnologiesasfirmslookedtocutcostsandadoptnewwaysofworking.Butitwarnedworkersnowfacedadoublethreatfrom“acceleratingautomationandtheeconomicimpactfromtheCOVID-19”．“Thesethingshavedeepenedexistinginequalitiesacrosslabormarketsandremovedgainsinemploymentmadesincetheglobalfinancialcrisisin2007－2008，”saidSaadiaZahidi，managingdirectoratWEF.“Thewindowofopportunityforactivemanagementofthischangeisclosingfast.”WEFsaidcurrentlyaroundathirdofallworktaskswerehandledbymachines，withhumansdoingtherest，butby2025thebalancewouldshift.Rolesthatreliedonhumanskillssuchasadvising，decision