新編大學(xué)英語(浙大版)第二單元2-1課文7628

Unit2PsychologyinOurDailyLifeUnit2PsychologyinOurDailyLifeIn-ClassReadingNEWCOLLEGEENGLISH#1In-ClassReadingIsThereaDoctorintheBody?I.WordListDirections:Memorizethewordsandphrasesbeforeclass.Youwillbenefitfromyoureffortwhenyougetthepassagefromyourteacherandreaditinclass.ProperNamesRomanian.羅馬尼亞(歐洲巴爾干半島東北部國家)NewWordsbleed*v.loseblood出血e.g.He'dbeenwoundedinthearmandhewasbleedingheavily.bleedingadj.出血的，流血的capsule*n.膠囊harmless*adj.nothavinganybadeffects,especiallyonpeople'shealthe.g.Theexperimentwasharmlesstotheanimals.heal*v.makeorbecomewellagain,especiallyafteracutorotherinjurye.g.Ittookthreemonthsformyarmtohealproperly.likely*adj.expectedtohappen;probable可能的e.g.I)It'squitelikelythatwe'llbeinSpainthistimenextyear.II)Oncepeoplehaveseenthatsomethingactuallyworks,theyaremuchmorelikelytoacceptchange.placebon.(復(fù)-bos或-boes)安慰劑Page1of5Unit2PsychologyinOurDailyLifeNEWCOLLEGEENGLISH#1In-ClassReadingprescribe*v.(ofadoctor)saywhat(medicaltreatment)someoneshouldhave為開藥方，囑咐(療法)e.g.Whattreatmentdidthedoctorprescribe?prescription*n.藥方e.g.Adoctorwritestheprescriptionandachemist(藥劑師)makesitupforyou.rate*n.alevelofspeedwithwhichsomethinghappensorchanges,orthenumberoftimesithappensorchanges,withinaparticularperiod率，比率e.g.birthrate,successrate,growthratereact*v.behavedifferentlyorchangeasaresultofsomething;respond反應(yīng)e.g.Thejudgereactedangrilytothesuggestionthatithadn'tbeenafairtrial.reaction*n.反應(yīng)e.g.Whatwasherreactionwhenyoutoldherthenews?reality*n.現(xiàn)實(shí)e.g.Therealityisthattheyarepoor.reassurance*n.helporadvicethatmakesyoufeellessworriedorfrightenedaboutaproblem安慰，保證e.g.Despiteherfather'sreassuranceshewasstillfrightenedofthedark.relationship*n.關(guān)系e.g.Thisrelationshipbetweenthemseemedstrangetohim.relief*n.afeelingofcomfortwhensomethingfrightening,worrying,orpainfulhasnothappenedorhasended(痛苦等)減輕，解除e.g.Toourgreatrelief,thechildrenallarrivedhomesafely.role*n.thewayinwhichsomeoneorsomethingisinvolvedinanactivityorsituation,andhowmuchinfluencetheyhaveonit角色，作用e.g.Untilnowscientistshadverylittleclearevidenceaboutthedrug'sroleinpreventingmoreseriouseffectsofinfection.Page2of5Unit2PsychologyinOurDailyLifeNEWCOLLEGEENGLISH#1In-ClassReadingseasickness*n.暈船swear*v.(swore,sworn)sayorpromiseveryseriouslyordefinitely發(fā)誓，詛咒e.g.Idon'tknowanythingaboutwhathappened,Iswear.treatment*n.amethodthatisintendedtocureaninjuryorillness治療方法e.g.Heattreatmentcertainlyhelpedmyknee.tribal*adj.ofatribeortribes部落的e.g.tribaldress,triballeadersulcern.潰瘍IsThereaDoctorintheBody?1Whenyougotothedoctor,youliketocomeawaywithaprescription.Itmakesyoufeelbettertoknowyouwillgetsomemedicine.Butthedoctorknowsthatmedicineisnotalwaysneeded.Sometimesallasickpersonneedsissomereassurancethatallwillbewell.Insuchcasesthedoctormayprescribeaplacebo.2Aplaceboisasugarpill,aharmlessshot,oranemptycapsule.Eventhoughtheyhavenomedicineinthem,thesethingsseemtomakepeoplewell.Thepatientthinksitismedicineandbeginstogetbetter.Howdoesthishappen?3Thestudyoftheplaceboopensupnewknowledgeaboutthewaythehumanbodycanhealitself.Itisasiftherewasadoctorineachofus.The"doctor"willhealthebodyforusifweletit.4Butitisnotyetknownjusthowtheplaceboworkstohealthebody.Somepeoplesayitworksbecausethehumanmindfoolsitself.Thesepeoplesaythatifthemindisfooledintothinkingitgotmedicine,thenitwillactasifitdid,andthebodywillfeelbetter.5Otherpeoplesaythisisnotso.Theysaythattheplacebomakesthewishtogetbetterbecomereality.Theplacebowillnotworkifthepatientknowsitisaplacebo.Thisshowsthatthebodyisnotfooledbyit.Itseemsthatifpatientsthinktheyhavebeengivenmedicine,theywillhavehope.Theyfeelthattheyaregettingsomehelp.Thisgivesthemastrongerwilltogetbetter,andthatiswhathelpstohealthem.6Placebosdonotalwayswork.Thesuccessofthistreatmentseemstorestalotwiththerelationshipbetweenthepatientandthedoctor.Ifthepatienthasalotoftrustinthedoctorandifthedoctorreallywantstohelpthepatient,thentheplaceboismorelikelytowork.Soinaway,thedoctoristhemostpowerfulplaceboofall.7Anexampleofthedoctor'sroleinmakingtheplaceboworkcanbeseeninthisstudy.Somepatientswithbleedingulcerswereputintwogroups.ThefirstgroupweretoldbyadoctorthatPage3of5Unit2PsychologyinOurDailyLifeNEWCOLLEGEENGLISH#1In-ClassReadingtheyhadbeengivenanewdrugwhich,itwashoped,wouldgivethemsomerelief.Thesecondgroupweretoldbyanursethattheyhadbeengivenanewdrugbutthatnotmuchwasknownabouthowitwouldwork.Asaresult,70percentofthepeopleinthefirstgroupgotmuchbetter.Only25percentofthepeopleinthesecondgroupgotbetter.Andbothgroupshadinfactbeengiventhesamething-aplacebo.8Theplacebohasbeenfoundtoworkwithalotofdifferentcases.Ithelpssuchthingsasseasickness,coughs,colds,andevenpainafteranoperation.Andtherewasanexperimentdonetoseeifaplacebocouldhelpoldpeoplestayhealthyandlivelonger.9ThetestwasdoneinRomaniawith150peopleovertheageof60.Theywereputinthreegroupswith50peopleineachgroup.Thefirstgroupweregivennothingatall.Thesecondgroupweregivenaplacebo.Thethirdgroupweregivenarealdrugandtoldthatitwouldhelpwiththeproblemsofoldage.(Infact,itwasnotadrugforoldageatall.)Thethreegroupswerestudiedformanyyears.Thefirstgroupshowednochangesfromthewayoldpeopleinthatvillagehadalwaysbeen.Thesecondgroup(withtheplacebo)hadmuchbetterhealthandalowerdeathrate.Thethirdgroup(withtherealdrug)showedmuchthesameresultsasthegroupthattooktheplacebo.10Aplacebocanalsohavebadeffects.Ifpatientsexpectabadreactiontomedicine,thentheywillalsoshowabadreactiontotheplacebo.Thiswouldseemtoshowthatalotofhowyoureacttomedicineisinyourmindratherthaninyourbody.Somedoctorsstillthinkthatiftheplacebocanhavebadeffectsitshouldneverbeused.Theythinkthereisstillnotenoughknownaboutit.11Andyet,theuseoftheplacebohasbeenwellknownforhundredsofyearsinothercountries.TribaldoctorsinsomeAfricancountrieshaveknownforalongtimethatpatientswillgetbetteriftheythinktheyaregoingto.Manyofthe"treatments"theyusedonotseemabletomakeasickpersonbetter,andyetsuchtreatmentswork.12Thestrangepoweroftheplacebodoesseemtosuggestthatthehumanmindisstrongerthanwethinkitis.Therearepeoplewhosayyoucanhealyourbodybyusingyourmind.Andtheinterestingthingisthatevenpeoplewhoswearthisisnotpossiblehavebeenhealedbyaplacebo.(839words)Timetaken:____minutesPhrasesandExpressionsasaresultbecau