計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)題4987

一、英譯中1、PC個(gè)人電腦2、ISO國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組織3、instruction指令4、register寄存器5、hierarchicalmemory存儲(chǔ)器層次結(jié)構(gòu)6、cache高速緩存7、RAM隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器8、atomicdatatype原子數(shù)據(jù)類型9、stack棧10、spoolingsystem假脫機(jī)系統(tǒng)11、indexedallocation索引式分配12、protocol協(xié)議13、inheritance繼承性14、client/server客戶端15、maintenance維護(hù)16、WAN廣域網(wǎng)17、hyperlink超鏈接18、multimedia多媒體19、topology拓?fù)?0、map映射21、hub集線器22、URL統(tǒng)一資源定位地址23、DTE數(shù)據(jù)終端24、expertsystem專家系統(tǒng)25、virus病毒26、mainframe主機(jī)27、operand操作數(shù)28、ALU算術(shù)邏輯單元29、FIFO先進(jìn)先出30、procedure過程31、polymorphism多態(tài)性32、MIS管理信息系統(tǒng)33、SQL結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言34、data-drivendesign數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)35、packet包，分組36、twistedpair雙交線37、token令牌38、browser瀏覽器39searchengine搜索引擎40、POP郵局協(xié)議41、electroniccommerce電子商務(wù)42、interface接口43、frame幀44、IOCS輸入輸出控制系統(tǒng)45、terminal終端46、object-oriented面向?qū)ο?7、API應(yīng)用程序接口48、lifecycle生存周期49、GUI圖形用戶接口50、interoperability二中譯英1、數(shù)據(jù)庫database2、程序program3、隊(duì)列queue9、下載download15、多用戶multiuser16、脫機(jī)offline10、知識(shí)庫kownledgebase4、數(shù)據(jù)隱藏17、實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)real-time5、開放系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)opensysteminterconnect6、總線bus11、輸入設(shè)備inputdevices12、高級(jí)語言high-levellanguage13、只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM14、結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)類型structureddatatypesysetem18、文件file19、操作系統(tǒng)operatingsystem20、軟件工程7、局域LanAreaNetwork8、類classSoftwareengineering三、選擇題（多選、單選）1、A__A__isafastandaccuratesymbolmanipulatingsystem.A、computer2、Theheartofacomputersystemis_B___A、input/outputB、CPUC、storageB、tapeC、deviceD、calculationD、memory3、Thepopularoutputdevicesusedforpersonalcomputerare__D__A、scannerB、mouseC、keyboardD、displayscreenanddesktopprinters第1頁共7頁4、Theattributesofthestackare_B___A.FIFOB.LIFOC.LILO5、WhichisnotincludedinC++__C__.D.HPIFOA.encapsulationB.inheritanceD.polymorphismC.dataencryption6、AnMIScanbe_D___A.definedasanetworkoffile-basedB.developedinanorganizationonlyC.notintegratedwithmanualD.usedtosupportdecisionmaking7、Wecan_ABCD___throughtheInternetA.getfreesoftwareC.sende-mailB.takelongdistancecollaborationsD.retrievefiles四、判斷題1、\/CPUsofallsizehaveprimarystorage,arithmeticlogic,andthecontrolsection.2、×Thepossiblesymbolsinthebinarynumberingsystemare0to9.3、\/Itisamajorproblemfortheoperatingsystemtomapthelogicalfileconceptontophysicalstoragedevicessuchasmagnetictapeordisk.4、\/instructions.5、×Assembler-levellanguagesusesmnemonicstorepresentOnlyusersneedtoviewtheinternetasanetwork.第2頁共7頁五、回答下列問題1、Howmanycomponentsareusedtobuildacomputer?ListthemAnswer:fourcomponent,Inputdevices,Outputdevices,Mainmemory,Centralprocessingunit.2、DescribetheclassificationofcomputersaccordingtoitsphysicalsizeAnswer:microcomputer,minicomputer,mainframe,supercomputer.3、Whichtwopartsmakeupaninstruction?Pleasedescribetheirfunctions.Answer:operationsandoperands.operationsspecifythefunctiontobepeformedandoperandsrepresentthedatatobeoperatedon.4、ListfouroperationsbelongtoArithmeticoperations.Answer:adding,subtracting,multiplying,anddividing.5、Listtwokindsofmagneticstorage.Answer:magnetictap,magneticdisk.6、Whatprincipleshouldbefollowedinstackoperations?Answer:LIFO,lastinfirstout7、Whatisthemainfeatureofqueues?Answer:FIFO,firstinfirstout.8、GivesomeexamplesofusingqueuesAnswer:thelineofinput/output(I/O)requestwaitingforaccesstoadiskdriverinamultiusertime-sharingsystemmightbeaqueue,and第3頁共7頁thelineofcomputingjobswaitingtoberunonacomputersystemmightalsobeaqueue.9、WhatisIOCS?Answer:input/outputcontrolsystem.10、ListfivefunctionsofoperatingsystemsAnswer:jobmanagement,resourcemanagement,controlofI/Ooperations,errorrecovery,memorymanagement11、Whataretwoessentialingredientsofdatastructure?Answer:itmusthavecomponentelementsanditmusthavestructure,therulesforrelatingorfittingtheelemenstogether.12、Whatissourceprogramandwhatisobjectprogram?Answer:sourceprogramisaprogramofinstructionswrittenbyaprogrammerinanassemblylanguage.Objectprogramisasourceprogramhasbeenconvertedintomachinecodebyanassembler.13、Pointoutfourfeaturesofobject-orientedprogramming.Answer:Encapsulation,datahiding,inheritance,andpolymorphism.14、GiveadefinitiontotheDBMS?Answer:thesystemsoftwarepackagethathandlesthedifficulttasksassociatedwithcreating,accessing,andmaintainingdatabaserecordsiscalledadatabasemanagementsystem,thatisDBMS.15、Whatisclientandwhatisserver?Answer:clientistheobjectwhichrequestservices,andtheserveris第4頁共7頁theobjectwhichofferservices.16、Whichactivitiesdoesthelifecycleparadigmencompass?Answer:systemengineeringandanalysis,softwarerequirementsanalysis,design,coding,testing,maintenance.17、WhichthreebasictypesdoWANshave?Answer:circuitswitchednetworks,leasedlinenetworks,packetswitchingnetwork.18、WhatcharactersdoesFTPhave,comparingwithonesoftransferfilesusingE-mail.Answer:itallowsuserstosendorreceivearbitrarilylargefilesofprogramsordata.19、IsittruethataLANcanoffermuchhigherdatatransmissionratesthanapublicdatanetworkprovides?Why?Answer:yes,becauseislinkedbyhardware.六、翻譯?1、Althoughthecapacityoftheirstoragelocationscanvary,everycomputerstoresnumbers,letters,andothercharactersinacodedform.Everycharacterinstorageisrepresentedbyastringof0sand1s-theonlydigitalsfoundinthebinarynumberingsystem.Let'sseehowit'spossibletousejusttwodigitstorepresentanycharacter.Mostcomputersuseacodedversionoftruebinarytorepresentdecimalnumbers.Althoughmanycodingschemeshavebeendevelopedovertheyears,themostpopularoftheseuseabinary第5頁共7頁codeddecimal(BCD)approach.WithBCD,it'spossibletoconverteachdecimalnumberintoitsbinaryequivalentratherthanconverttheentiredecimalvalueintoapurebinaryform.Since8and9require4bits,alldecimaldigitsarepresentedinBCDby4bits.譯文：盡管電腦存儲(chǔ)數(shù)字，字母和符號(hào)的編碼形式不同。在二進(jìn)制系統(tǒng)中每個(gè)字符都只用0和1兩個(gè)數(shù)字表示。現(xiàn)在，讓我們看看如何僅用這兩個(gè)數(shù)字表示其他任何字符。大多數(shù)電腦都是用二進(jìn)制編碼代替十進(jìn)制。即使編碼方案已經(jīng)發(fā)展了很多年，當(dāng)下最普遍的編碼仍是二進(jìn)制BCD碼。使用BCD碼，是將每一個(gè)十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成等價(jià)的二進(jìn)制數(shù)，而不是全部的十進(jìn)制值轉(zhuǎn)換成二進(jìn)制。由于8和9需要4位二進(jìn)制，所以所有的十進(jìn)制數(shù)都用4位BCD碼表示。2、Softwareengineeringhasnotbeenabletokeepupwiththespeedofadvancementsandincreasesincomputingpower.Mostprogrammerinthisdayandagestillusetechniquesthatarelittlemoreadvancedthantheprogrammingtechniquesappliedbythefirstprogramme