高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解分類訓(xùn)練：環(huán)境類 (含答案)

閱讀理解ECyclingreferstotherecyclingofelectronicitems,whicharebecomingacommonprobleminAmericanhomeandthroughouttheworld.TheEPA,orEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,hasactuallystartedaprogramtohelpandmotivatetherecyclingofelectronics.Togettheprogramtotheregionalandneighborhoodlevels,theEPAdirected“Plug-IntoeCyclingPartners.”Thesepartnershipssupportelectronicreusingprogramsinindividualcommunities.Theyprovidelocalgovernments,retailersandmanufacturerswithopportunitiestoreuseandrecycletheiritems.Thosewhomakeandofferelectronicdevicesthenpromoteprogramsandopportunitiesforconsumerstoreusetheirsecond-handelectronicproducts.OneoftheEPA’sgoalsistoenlightencustomersaboutwhytherecyclingofelectronicsissoimportant.TheylikewisewishtomakeeCyclingchanceseasilyaccessibletospecificconsumersandtheirfamilyelectronics.AccordingtotheEPA,theeCyclingprogramhasactuallybeenquitesuccessful.In2008,theEPAcollected66.5millionpoundsofelectronicdevicesthroughtheirPlug-InPartners.Localgovernmentshaveactuallylikewisegotonboardandpassedlawsintendedtohandleusedelectronicdevices.HugecorporationshaveactuallyintroducedeCyclingprogramsattheirlocalretailstores.Onesellerofferscustomerssmall,mediumandbigboxesforsale,whichthecustomersthenloadwithusedelectronicsandgobacktothestore.Typically,customersbringtheirrecyclableelectronicstoalocation.WhentheelectronicitemsaregatheredbytheEPA(typicallythisisdonebythePartners),theyarereusedorrecycled.Reuseditemsarerepairedandrefurbished,andpassedontoothersasacontribution.Youcanrepairorreconditionyourveryownelectronicdevicestoo,extendingthelifeoftheitemsandconservingtheenergyofmakingnewmaterials.Reusingelectronicdevicesincludesmakinguseoftheproductsandpartsoftheitems.Thesematerialsandpartsarethenmadeuseoftoproduceanotheritem.Thisismoreefficientthanmakingitemsfromnewmaterials.SomeitemsthatarecommonlyeCycledconsistoftelevisions,computermonitors,printers,notebookcomputer,keyboardsandcabletelevisions.Lessusualitemsincludecopyingmachines,CDplayers,voicemailmachines,computerharddrives,mobiletelephones,remotecontrols,radios,batteries,telephones,facsimilemachinesandcomputergames.Occasionally,electronicitemssuchasmicrowaves,fans,vacuums,smokealarms,andtoastersareeCycled.AstheeCyclingprogramcontinues,youoryourorganizationmaywanttogetinvolved.ChecktheEPA’sinternetsite()forregionaleCyclingprograms,orfordetailsonhowyourcompanycanparticipate.TheirwebsitehaslinkstoorganizationsthataretakingpartintheeCyclingprogram.1．TheEPAbroughtabout“Plug-IntoeCyclingPartners”to________.A．makeandofferelectronicdevicestoconsumersB．makecustomersunderstandtheimportanceofeCyclingC．makeitpossibleforconsumerstoreusetheirusede-productsD．maketheprogramaccessibletolocalregionsandcommunities2．ThePlug-InPartnersaremainlyengagedin________.A．offeringcustomersdifferentboxesforsaleB．reusingsecond-hande-productsC．gatheringrecyclableelectronicsD．repairingelectronicdevice3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．TocallonlocalgovernmentstosupportPlug-InPartners.B．ToattractpeopletojoinintheeCyclingprograms.C．Toteachcustomershowtorecycleelectronics.D．Tointroduceanewwaytosavecosts.WhenIgivepubliclecturesabouttheclimatecrisis,themostcommonquestionpeopleposeis:“Areyouanoptimistorapessimist?”Myanswerisyes.Californiahasachieveddramaticemissionsreductionsinathrivingeconomy,whichmakesmehopeful,yetingeneralthefossil-fuelindustryisdeterminednottochange.Thesecondmostcommonquestionis:“WhatcanI,personally,do?”That’satoughone.Themajordriversofclimatechangearecollectiveenterprisessuchaspowergrids,industry,large-scaleagricultureandtransportationsystems.Substantialemissionsreductionsinthesesettingsmostlikelywillnotcomefrompersonalactions;theywillcomefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbon-pricingsystems,revisedbuildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.Somepeoplehavearguedthatcallsforindividualactionactuallydistractusfromcorporateresponsibility.Thatcouldexplainwhythefossil-fuelindustryisfondofsuchrequests.OilgiantBPpopularizedandpromotedtheideaofacarbonfootprint,deflectingattentiontoitscustomerswho,itsuggests,shouldtakepersonalresponsibilitybyloweringtheircarbonfootprints.Onestudyfoundthatfocusingonindividualactivityactuallyunderminessupportformoreeffectivepolicyinitiativessuchasacarbontax.Anotherproblemwithpersonalbehavioristhatpeopledonotliketobetoldwhattodo.Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.Oneeffectiveact,andonethatcanbeamplified,istoeatlessredmeat.CuttingmeatconsumptionisapowerfulandpersonalthingmostAmericanscandototackletheclimatecrisis,andtheycandoitimmediately.About40percentofgreenhousegasescomefromagriculture,deforestationandotherland-usechanges.Meat—particularlybeef—drivesclimatechangeintwoways:first,throughcows’emissionofmethane,apotentgreenhousegas,andsecond,bydestroyingforestsastheyareconvertedtograzinglandtosatisfytheglobaldemandforbeef.Byeatinglessbeef,wecanstarttodecreasethatdemand.Youdonothavetobecomeavegantodothis.IfeverypersonintheU.S.cuttheirmeatconsumptionby25percent,itwouldreduceannualgreenhousegasemissionsby1percent.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot,butitwouldhelpprotecttherainforest,sothepositiveeffects—includingreducedwaterandfertilizeruse,improvedbiodiversityandsafeguardedrightsofindigenouspeoples—wouldbeamplified.Perhapsmostimportant,socialactioniscontagious—inagoodway.Iflotsofusbegintoeatlessmeatandifwetalkaboutitconstructively,wewilllikelyinfluenceothers.Prettysoonthe1percentreductionbecomes2percentormore.Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasierformeandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeat-freemeals.Ultimatelychangesindemandwillinfluenceindustry.Fortyyearsagofewmainstreamsupermarketscarriedorganicproducts;nownearlyalldo.Consumerdemanddidthat.Cuttingbackonredmeatalsohastheaddedbenefitofbeinggoodforyourhealth.SowhileIwouldn’tadvisegovernmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurateansweris:“Eatlessmeat.It’sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.”4．Whichoneplaysthemostdecisiveroleinemissionsreductionsaccordingtothepassage?A．Individualactions. B．Fossil-fuelindustries.C．Thethrivingeconomy. D．Effectivelawsandpolicies.5．Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A．Indigenouspeoplesturnforestsintograzingland.B．Meatisconsideredasthebiggestdriverofclimatechange.C．Smallindividualactscanmakeabigdifferencecollectively.D．MostAmericanshavetobecomeveganstotackletheclimatecrisis.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contagious”inParagraph6mean?A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.7．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthispassage？A．Toexplainwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.B．Topersuadepeopletocutmeatconsumption.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofhealthyeatinghabits.D．Toargueagainsttheemissionpoliciesofindustries.Microplastics—

tinypiecesofplasticwastelessthanfivemillimetreslongthathavebeendegradedbywaves,windandultravioletrays—havebeendiscoveredinthedeepestoceanictrenchesandwithinthestomachsoftheorganismsthatlivethere,butwehavelittleideaaboutwherethegreatmajorityofthemendup.Morethaneightmilliontonnesofplasticentersouroceanseveryyear,comprisingbetween80and85percentofallmarinetrash,butwithinadequatedata,thereareconcernsthatthesefigurescouldbeunderestimates.Currently,mostofthedatawehaveonmicroplasticsareaccidentallycapturedbyresearchships,whichuseplanktonnetstocollectmarine-microorganismsamples.However,researchersChristopherRufandMadelineEvansfromtheUniversityofMichiganhavediscoveredaninnovativewaytoidentifyandtrackconcentrationsofmicroplasticsintheocean.ThetechniquereliesonNASA’sCycloneGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem(CYGNSS),aconstellationofeightmicro-satellitesusedtopredicthurricanesthatcalculatewindspeedsabovetheoceanbymeasuringtheroughnessofsurfacewaters.Asthesatellitesarecontinuouslyrecording,RufandEvansrealisedthattheycollectagreatdealofadditionaldata.Itwaswhileanalysingthesedatathattheynoticedsomedifferences-timeswherethesurfaceoftheoceanappearedtobemuchsmootherthanitshould,giventheprevailingwind(盛行風(fēng))conditions.Knowingthatwaterisn’troughenedasmuchwhenitcontainsalotoffloatingmaterial,RufandEvansidentifiedapatternthatlinkedareasofunusualsmoothnessandpredictedmicroplasticdistributions.Theyfoundthatthedifferencebetweentheirmeasurements,andhowmuchrougherthesurfacewouldbeifwindsofthesamespeedwereblowingacrossclearwater,was“highlycorrelatedwiththepresenceofmicroplastics,andthedegreeofthedifferencealsocorrelatedwiththeconcentrationoftheplastics.”Theresearchrevealsthatthereareseasonalvariations,wheretheconcentrationsofmicroplasticstendtobehigherinthesummerandlowerinthewinterinaveryclean,periodicway,whichRufexplainsmirrorsthewayinwhichtheoceancirculationchangesthroughouttheyear.Italsoconfirms,aswaspreviouslythought,thatriversarethemainsourceofoceanmicroplastics.Raisingawarenessoftheissueofoceanmicroplasticsamongthepublicandpoliticiansisjustoneoftheresearchers’futureaims;theyarealsoinconversationwithDutehnon-profitTheOceanCleanupandFinnishclean-technologyspecialistClewat,whichareinterestedinusingtheinformationtomoreefficientlytargettheirtrash-collectioncampaigns.Sofar,onlyoneyear’sworthofdatahavebeenprocessedsinceCYGNSSwaslaunchedin2016.Bylookingatalongertimeperiod,RufandEvansaimtodeterminewhethertheseasonalpatternisrepeatable,andwhethertheconcentrationofmicmplasticsintheoceanisgettingworse.8．WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A．Thelimitedknowledgeaboutoceanmicroplastics.B．Theharmofoceanmicroplasticstoseacreatures.C．Themethodsofdegradingoceanmicroplasties.D．Thepreviousresearchonoceanmicroplasties.9．Accordingtothepassage,CYGNSS________.A．hasoffereddataabouttherepeatableseasonalpatternB．guidesresearchshipstogatherdataaboutseaanimalsC．providesunexpecteddataaboutthechangesofseasurfaceD．wasdesignedtomeasurethedistributionofoceanmicroplastics10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Microplasticswillendupinthestomachsoftheoceanorganisms.B．Mlicroplasticsplayavitalroleintheyearlyoceancirculationchanges.C．Thesurfaceoftheoceancangetsmootherwithmoremicroplasticsinit.D．Thenewwayoftrackingmicroplasticshashelpedpreventoceanpollution.11．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．TointroducethetechnologyofCYGNSS.B．Topresentawaytostudyoceanmicroplastics.C．Totestanassumptiononoceanmicroplastics.D．Toproposeanewmeansofprotectingtheocean.Fewdishestastebetterthanajuicycutofbeef.Onesurveyin2014foundthatsteakwasAmericans’favoritefood.Unfortunately,bycookingsomanycows,humansarecookingthemselves,too.Theinfluenceoffoodongreenhouse-gas(GHG)emissions(排放)canslipundertheradar.InasurveyinBritainlastyear,theshareofanswererssayingthat“producingplantsandmeatonfarms”wasa“significantcontributor”toclimatechangewasthelowestamongtenlistedactivities.YettwopaperspublishedthisyearinNatureFoodfindthatfood,especiallybeef,createsmoreGHGSthanpreviouslythought.ThisMarchresearchersfromtheEuropeanCommissionandtheUN’sFoodandAgricultureOfficereleasedastudyestimatingthattheglobalfoodsystemwasresponsiblefor34%ofGHGin2015.Thepaperassignsthefullimpactofdeforestationtotheagriculturethatresultsfromit;includesemissionsafterfoodissold(suchasfromwasteandcooking);andcountsnon-foodcropslikecotton.Butevenwhentheauthorstookawayemissionsfromsourcesliketransportandpackaging,theystillfoundthatagriculturegenerated24%ofGHGS.Anotherrecentpaper,byXiaomingXuoftheUniversityofIllinoisandeightco-authors,allocates(分配)thisimpactamong171cropsand16animalproducts.Itfindsthatanimal-basedfoodsaccountfor57%ofagriculturalGHGS,versus29%forfoodfromplants.Beefandcow’smilkalonemadeup34%.Combinedwiththeearlierstudy’sresults,thisimpliesthatcattleproduce12%ofGHGemissions.Relativetootherfoodsources,beefisuniquelycarbon-intensive.Becausecattleemitmethane(甲烷)andneedlargegrasslandsthatareoftencreatedbycuttingmoreforests,theyproduceseventimesasmanyGHGSpercalorieofmeataspigsdo.Thismakesbeefabiggershareamongfoodsthancoalisamongsourcesofelectricity.Thesimplestwaytocutbeefoutputisforpeopletoeatotheranimalsinstead,orbecomevegetarians.Butconvincingpeopletogiveuptheirburgersisatallorder.Fortunately,lab-grownmeatsaremovingfromPetridishes(培養(yǎng)皿)tohigh-endrestaurants.Doingwithoutbeeffromlivecattleishardtoimagine,butthesamewastrueofcoal100yearsago.Lab-grownmeatcouldplayanessentialroleinslowingaclimatedisaster.12．Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph2canprobablybereplacedby____________.A．bedetectedbyradar B．beignoredbypeopleC．beexplainedbyexperts D．becontrolledbygovernment13．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Lab-grownmeatswillreplaceothermeatsinthefuture.B．QuittingsteakmaybeanefficientwaytoreduceGHG.C．ProducingbeefgeneratesmoreGHGthanburningcoal.D．BeeftransportisthemajorcontributorofGHGemissions.14．Theauthormentionsthecoalinthelastparagraphjusttoshow____________.A．theimportanceofbothlab-grownbeefandcoal B．thedifficultytoproducethelab-grownmeatC．thenecessityofbeeffromlivecattle D．thefutureoflab-grownbeefDeepSea:ToMineOrNotToMineArobotaslargeasatruckmovesalongthebottomofthedeepsea.Iteatsmetallic(含金屬的)rockandsoftmud.Theytravelupalongpipetoaship,whereworkersandmachineryseparateouttherockandthrowthemudbackintotheocean.Thisisaminingoperation.Therockcontainsamixtureofmetals,includingonescalledrareearthmetals.Peopleusethesematerialstomakebatteriesandelectronicslikecomputersandphones.Deep-seamininghasn’thappenedyet.Butitprobablywilloccurwithinthenextdecade.Nocountryownsanypartofthedeepsea,soaUNorganizationcalledtheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)decideswhoisallowedtominethere.Ithasallowed29organizationstoexplorethedeepseaandmakeplansformining,oneofwhichplanstobeginminingintheyear2027.Scientistsandenvironmentalists,though,warnthatminingcoulddestroydeep-seaecosystem.In1989,ecologistHjalmarThielcarriedoutatest.HisteamsearchedtheseafloorofthePacificOcean,inaspotwithlotsofthemetallicrocksthatminerswanted.Theydidn’tactuallycollectanyoftherocks.Buttheydisturbedthemud,justasaminingoperationwould.Thecloudofmudfellbackdownovertheoceanfloorburyingcreatureslivingthere.Uptonow,theareatheydisturbedhasnotrecovered.Signsofthesearcharestillthere.Deepseacreatureslikespongesandcoralshavenotmovedbackin.Thatmeansminingcouldhaveharmful,long-lastingconsequencesfordeepoceanlife.Scientistswanttounderstandthedeepseabetterbeforedisturbingit.Leavingthedeepseaalonesoundsgreat,butpeopleneedthosemetals.“Minesonlandaresoongoingtorunout,”geologistStevenScoltoftheUniversityofTorontotoldSmithsonianMagazine.“Everyelectronicdeviceintheworldhasrareearthmetalsinit...weneedrawresources.”Newenergytechnologiesincludingsolarandwindpowerandelectriccarsrelyonthesemetalsaswell.Wemayneedtominethemfromtheseainordertoswitchtogreenerenergysources.15．Accordingtothepassage,whydopeoplewanttocarryoutdeepseamining?A．Totesttheminingrobot. B．Tocollectrareearthmetals.C．Toseparatetherockfrommud. D．Tounderstandthedeepseabetter.16．WhatcanweinferfromthetestofHjalmarThielin1989?A．Theygatheredsomemetallicrockstheminerswanted.B．Theyhelpedtherecoveryofthedisturbedminingareas.C．Theydiscoveredthedeep-seaminingaffectedtheoceanecology.D．Theyfoundtheraremetallicrockswereharmfultoseacreatures.17．WhatisStevenScolt’sattitudetowardsdeep-seamining?A．Doubtful. B．Neutral. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving.Ifyou’resomeonewhospendstimeoutdoorsyouprobablyhaveapositivebodyimageandhighself—esteem.Surprising?You’dbetterbelieveit.Freshairisn’tjustgoodforyourhealth;itcanalsohelpyoufeelconfidentabouthowyoulook.AUKstudyof199womenand200menagedbetween19and76fromtheUS—ledbyaCambridgeProfessorVirenSwami—hasreportedthatbeinginnaturalsurroundingscanhelpmakepeoplefeelmorerespectfortheirbodies.Consequently,theytakemorecareofthemselvesandstayinbetterhealth.Itcanalsohelppeoplefeelfurtherremovedfromthepressuresofsocietyandlessentheneedtoconformtostereotypes,suchasbeingthinormuscular.Forthestudy,participantswereaskedtovisitdifferentlocationslikethecountryside,theseaside,thebeachandopenspacesincitieslikeparks.Thentheywereaskedtodescribehowtheirvisitsandoverallexperiencehadaffectedthem.Theresearchersfoundtripstonaturewerelinkedtogreatfeelingsofrelaxationandrefreshment.Thiswasespeciallytrueofvisitstocountryorcoastallocations,andtoprotectedsites.Thestrongestconnectionswithnaturewerefoundinvisitsthatlastedlongerthan30minutesandsohadgreaterpsychologicalbenefits.AnotherstudyfromresearchersattheuniversitiesofSurrey,Exeter,Plymouth,andfromNaturalEngland,surveyed4,500peopleastheyspenttimeinnature.Forthefirsttime,theyinvestigatedhowdifferentenvironmentalsettingscanaffectpsychologicalwellbeing.LeadauthorofthepaperDrKayleighWyles,fromSurreyUniversity,said:“We’vedemonstratedthatnaturecanbebeneficialtous,butwe’restillexploringhowandwhy.“Herewehavefoundourmentalwellbeingandouremotionalbondwithnaturemaydifferdependingonthetypeandqualityofanenvironmentwevisit.”“Thesefindingsareimportantastheynotonlyhelpunpickthemechanismsbehindthesepsychologicalbenefits,buttheycanalsohelptoprioritizetheprotectionoftheseenvironmentsandemphasizewhybracingnatureissoimportant.”18．Whichisnotabenefitnaturalsurroundingsbringstohumanaccordingtothepassage?A．Increasetheneedtoconformtostereotypes,suchasbeingthinormuscular.B．Makepeoplefeelmorerespectfortheirbodies.C．Helppeoplestayinbetterhealth.D．Helppeoplefeelfurtherremovedfromthepressuresofsociety.19．Forthestudy,participantswereaskedtovisitdifferentlocationsexcept_________?A．thecountryside. B．theseaside. C．thebeach. D．highstreet.20．Whichexposuretonaturemaybringthelargestpsychologicalbenefit?A．Stayatcoastallocationsfor25minutes. B．Stayatcoastallocationsfor5hours.C．Stayatparkfor20minutes. D．Stayatschoolfor2hours.21．WhyresearchersattheuniversitiesofSurrey,Exeter,Plymouth,andfromNaturalEngland,surveyed4,500people?A．Theywanttoknowwhethernaturalsurroundingwillbenefithuman’smentalwellbeing.B．Theywanttolearntheconnectionbetweenenvironmentandpersonality.C．Theywanttostudyhuman’spsychology.D．Theywanttoexplorehowandwhynaturecanbebeneficialtohuman.22．whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．countrysidewillmakeyoufeelbetter. B．sportsandhealth.C．let’stakeatrip. D．thesecretofhealth.Whenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacier(冰川)ontheSwissAlps’MountEigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwastoolowforhumanearstodetect.Butthesevibrationsheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche’s(崩塌)criticalcharacteristics.Low-frequencysoundwavescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsomeresearchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice:dangerousblockssnappingoffglaciers.Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesbutneverice,saysBoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson.“Thiswasdifferent,”Johnsonsays.“Asignatureofanewmaterialhasbeendetectedwithinfrasound.”Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal,whichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Butacollapse—asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier’smainbody—isaprolificinfrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlargefieldsofice.Aglacier“canbecomedetachedfromthegroundduetomelting,causingbiggerbreak—offs,”saysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak—offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponents(suchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakes)withoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.“ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisafirstapproximationforthis,”shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanche’sspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusinginfrasound.Marchettiandhiscolleaguesarenowworkingtoimprovetheirdetectorstopickupmoresignalsacrossat-riskregionsinEurope,andtheyhavesetupcollaborationsaroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.Theyarealsorefiningtheirmathematicalanalysistofigureouteachicecascade’sphysicaldetails.23．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?A．Infrasoundhasamajorroletoplayindiscoveringnewmaterials.B．Iceavalanchesareabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.C．Researchersaretryingtouseinfrasoundindetectingiceavalanches.D．Scientistsemployinfrasoundmoreinmountainareasthaninotherplaces.24．Whichisanadvantageofinfrasoundoverradar?A．Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.B．Theaccuracyinlocatingacertainavalanche.C．Theabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.D．Thesensitivityintrackingairpressurechanges.25．Theunderlinedword“this”inParagraph4refersto________.A．distinguishingdifferentcomponentsofasignalB．detectingmultipleavalanchesatthesametimeC．calculatingthespeedandpathoficeavalanchesD．monitoringthespecificlocationoficebreak—offs26．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．FromFiretoIce B．GlacierWhispersC．NatureisWarning D．SecretofIceAvalanchesWhenitcomestoloweringourcarbonemissions(排放),itseemsthatnothingissimple.Electricvehicles(EVs)actasanexampleofpotentialgreenwash.“Theyseemveryattractiveatfirstsight,”writesTheNextWebinareport.“Whenwelookmoreclosely,itbecomesclearthattheyhaveasubstantialcarbonfootprint.”TherareearthmetalsandcostlymineralsincludedasessentialingredientsinEVbatteriesarenotrenewable.What’smore,theirextraction(提煉)isoftenanythingbutgreen.Sothequestionis:isitworthit?JusthowmuchemissionreductioncanEVsjustify?Luckily,alifecycleassessmenthasbeendonetogiveussomeanswers.“Alifecycleanalysisofemissionsconsidersthreephases,”writesTheNextWeb.“themanufacturingphase,theusephase,andtherecyclingphase.”Inthemanufacturingphase,thebatteryistoblame.“EmissionsfrommanufacturingEVbatterieswereestimatedtobe3.2tonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),1/4ofthosefromanelectriccar,13tonsofCO2.Thosewerebiggerthanemissionsfromgascars,10.5tonsofCO2.”Ifthevehiclelifeisassumedtobe150,000kilometers,emissionsfromthemanufacturingphaseofanelectriccararehigherthangascars.”Intheusephase,thesourceofelectricitytheconsumerisusingtopowertheircarcomesintoplayinamajorway.“Tounderstandhowtheemissionsofelectriccarvarywithacountry’srenewableelectricityshare,considerAustraliaandNewZealand,”continuesthereport.“In2018,Australia’sshareofrenewablesinelectricitywasabout21%.Incontrast,thenumberinNewZealand’swasabout84%.ElectriccaremissionsinAustraliaandNewZealandareestimatedatabout170gand25gofCO2perkmrespectively.Asaconsumer,ourcarisonlyasgreenasourcountry’senergymix.”Finally,intherecyclingphase,welookatvehicledismantling(拆除),vehiclerecycling,batteryrecycling,andmaterialrecovery.“Theestimatedemissionsinthisphase,basedonastudy,areabout1.8tonsforagascarand2.4tonsforanelectriccar.Thisdifferenceismostlyduetotheemissionsfrombatteryrecycling,whichis0.7tons,”showsinthereport.“Whileelectriccarscausemoregreenhousegasemissionsthangascarsdo,it'simportanttonotetherecycledbatteriescanbeusedinsubsequentbatteries.Thiscouldhavesignificantemissionsreductionbenefitsinthefuture.Forcompletelifecycleemissions,thestudyshowsthatEVemissionsare18%lowerthangascars.”Sohere’sthetakeaway:EVsaregreener.Maybethey’renotasgreenaswethought.There’scertainlyroomforimprovement.But