人教課標(biāo)高一必修4 Unit 2

Unit2Workingtheland知識(shí)歸納單詞名詞與農(nóng)業(yè)有關(guān)：output,crop,grain,production,bacteria(bacterium的復(fù)數(shù)形式),pest,mineral,soil,root,nutrition,hunger其它：freedom,nationality,decade,occupation,comment,statistic(s),summary,Vietnam,battle,discovery單詞動(dòng)詞underline,focus,export,circulate,expand,equip,struggle,skim,regret,rid,reduce,confuse形容詞sunburnt,super,disturbing,chemical副詞therefore短語(yǔ)詞匯表thanksto,rid...of,besatisfiedwith,wouldrather,buildup,leadto,focus

on,keep...freefrom/of課文中careabout,causedamageto...,wash...off,berichin句式主語(yǔ)+be+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as...e.g.Eachearofricewasasbigasanearofcornandeachgrainofricewasashugeasapeanut.語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞-ing作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)(一)基本單詞1.____________vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng);拼搏;努力2.____________n.十年;十年期3.____________adj.特級(jí)的；超級(jí)的4.____________n.產(chǎn)量；輸出5.____________n.莊稼；農(nóng)作物；產(chǎn)量6.____________adj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的struggledecadesuperoutputcropdisturbing知識(shí)清單7.____________vt.&vi.使變大;伸展8.____________vt.&vi.循環(huán);流傳9.____________n.戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量

vt.&vi.

搏斗；奮斗10.____________n.自由；自主11.____________adv.因此;所以;因而12._____________n.谷物；糧食；顆粒13.____________n.國(guó)籍expandcirculatethereforenationalitybattlefreedomgrain14.__________n.工作;職業(yè);占領(lǐng)15.__________vt.遺憾;惋惜n.遺憾;懊悔16.__________n.生產(chǎn)；制造17.________n.細(xì)菌(bacterium的復(fù)數(shù))18.__________n.害蟲(chóng)19.__________n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物20.__________

n.礦物；礦石regretbacteriapestnutritionoccupationproductionmineral21.__________n.土地22.__________n.焦點(diǎn);中心點(diǎn)

vt.集中;聚焦23.__________vt.減少;減縮24.________n.根；根源25.__________vt.瀏覽；略讀26.__________vt.畫(huà)底線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào)27.__________n.評(píng)論;議論

vi.&vt.表達(dá)意見(jiàn);作出評(píng)論focusreducecommentsoilrootskimunderline(二)派生單詞28.___________n.饑餓;欲望

vt.&vi.(使)饑餓→__________adj.饑餓的;渴望得到的29.____________vt.&vi.配備;裝備→____________(不可數(shù))n.設(shè)備30.____________vt.&vi.輸出;出口→__________(反義詞)vt.&vi.輸入;進(jìn)口hungerhungryequipequipmentexportimport31.____________n.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺(jué)→__________v.發(fā)現(xiàn)32.____________vt.使迷惑;使為難→____________adj.令人迷惑的→____________adj.感到迷惑的→_____________n.迷惑33.____________n.總結(jié);摘要;概要→_____________vt.總結(jié)confuseconfusingconfusedconfusionsummarysummarizediscoverydiscover1.幸虧，由于，因?yàn)開(kāi)____________2.擺脫，除去______________3.對(duì)……感到滿意_______________4.寧愿，寧可________________thanks

torid

…ofbe

satisfied

withwould

rather(三)短語(yǔ)5.逐漸增強(qiáng);建立;開(kāi)發(fā)__________6.導(dǎo)致;造成(后果)__________7.集中(注意力/精力等)________8.使……免受(影響;傷害等);使……不含(有害物)__________________build

uplead

tofocus

onkeep...freefrom/of1.Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketotrygrowing?

ifso與ifnot都是條件狀語(yǔ)從句的縮略形式,分別表示肯定和否定。(四)句式2.Dr.YuanLongpinggrows

what

iscalledsuperhybridrice.

what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句3.In1974,hebecame

thefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrow

ricethathasahighoutput.thefirst＋n.＋todo...意為“第一個(gè)要做……的……”3.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwice

aslargeasbefore.用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：

A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.＋as＋BA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋BA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋（由某些形容詞變化而來(lái)的）n.＋of＋B4.Recently,however,scientists

havebeenfinding

thatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople’shealth.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.strugglevt.&vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng);拼搏;努力;掙扎【歸納】

struggleto

dosth.

艱難地做某事,掙扎著做某事

strugglefor為……而斗爭(zhēng)

struggletoone'sfeet

掙扎著站起來(lái)核心要點(diǎn)一、單詞struggle

with

(against)

與……作斗爭(zhēng),同……搏斗struggletoone'sfeet

掙扎著站起來(lái)struggle

指較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的、激烈的斗爭(zhēng)，往往指肉體及精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。fight

意為“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗爭(zhēng)”時(shí)，包含體力和勇猛的因素。struggle/fight用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.Fishstruggle_____survivalwhenthewaterleveldropsinthelake.2.Foryearshehasbeenstruggling____________cancer.3.Hestruggled_____hisattackerwhothenranoff.for

with/against

with2.expandvt.使變大;使增強(qiáng);闡述

vi.擴(kuò)大;增加;增強(qiáng)【歸納】

o

把……擴(kuò)展(發(fā)展,膨脹)成

expandon/upon

闡述;詳談【拓展】expansionn.展開(kāi)；膨脹；擴(kuò)展expansiveadj.廣闊的；易膨脹的expand

展開(kāi),擴(kuò)大,不僅指尺寸的增加,還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。extend

伸出,延伸,指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大,以及長(zhǎng)度、寬度的向外延伸,也可指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。spread伸開(kāi),傳播,一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍,如傳播(疾病)、散布(信息)等。stretch伸展,拉長(zhǎng),一般指由曲變直、由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展,不是加長(zhǎng)。expand/extend/spread/stretch【即時(shí)應(yīng)用】用expand/extend/spread/stretch的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Thehotweather__________toOctober.(2)Water_________whenitfreezes.(3)He___________hisbodyfull.(4)Thefiresoon________tothenearbybuilding.

extendedexpandsstretchesspread3.equipvt.&vi.

裝備;配備【歸納】

equip...with...

用……裝備……

beequippedwith

裝備著

equip...forsth./todosth.

為了……而裝備

well/poorlyequipped

設(shè)備精良的/較差的【拓展】

equipment

n.

裝備;設(shè)備(不可數(shù)名詞)

apieceofequipment

一件設(shè)備根據(jù)中英文提示完成下列句子。1.許多公司已在他們的出租車(chē)上安裝了全球定位系統(tǒng)。Manycompanies_____________________________

GPS.2.你的訓(xùn)練使你能夠勝任將來(lái)的工作。Yourtrainingwill_______________yourfuturejob.haveequippedtheirequipyoufortaxieswith

4.confusevt.使迷惑;使為難;使混亂;混淆

【歸納】

confuse...and/with...把……和……混淆【拓展】

confusionn.

混亂;迷惑inconfusion

處于混亂狀態(tài)

confusedadj.

困惑的;煩惱的beconfusedabout被……搞糊涂;對(duì)……迷惑不解confusingadj.

令人費(fèi)解的;使人困惑的用confuse的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Someofthequestionsheaskedwerevery__________.2.In__________Ilostmybagandwasn’tabletofindit.3.I’mtotally__________.Couldyouexplainthatagain?4.It’seasyto_________thembecausethey’resoalike.confusing

confusionconfused

confuse5.regretvt.遺憾;惋惜n.遺憾;懊悔【歸納】

regretto

dosth.

遺憾地去做某事

regretdoingsth.

后悔做過(guò)某事

regretnottohavedonesth.后悔沒(méi)做過(guò)某事

regretthat

從句遺憾……

withgreat/deepregret

很遺憾

toone'sregret

讓某人感到遺憾的是【拓展】

regretfuladj.

懊悔的，遺憾的，惆悵的regrettableadj.

令人遺憾的，使人痛惜的，可悲的，不幸的。

將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.我很遺憾地告訴你，我不能幫助你。IregrettotellyouthatIcannotlendyouahand.2.他說(shuō)他很后悔把事件的真相告訴了他母親。3.令他們感到非常遺憾的是，足球賽的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)光了。Hesaidheregrettedtelling/havingtold/thathehadtoldthetruthofthemattertohismother.Muchtotheirregret/Totheirgreatregret,theticketsforthefootballgameweresoldout.6.focusn.

焦點(diǎn);中心點(diǎn)v.集中;聚集【歸納】

focuson/upon

集中(注意力、精力等)于focusone’sattention/mind/energyon集中注意力/心思/精力于thefocusofattention關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)ofocus使……成為焦點(diǎn)infocus對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦點(diǎn);清晰outoffocus沒(méi)有對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦點(diǎn);不清晰根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子。1.你必須努力把思想集中在工作和學(xué)習(xí)上。Youmusttryto_____________________workandstudy.2.這次討論的焦點(diǎn)是女性在廣告中的角色。_____________________________wastherolesofwomeninadvertising.focusyourmindonThemainfocusofthediscussion7.reducev.減少;減縮【歸納】

reducesth.to...

減少到……

reducesth.by...

減少了……

bereducedto

淪落為……;陷入某種狀態(tài);被降職到……

reducetosilence使安靜下來(lái)

reducetoorder使恢復(fù)秩序；整理好【拓展】

increase

v.增加根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1.這里的人口現(xiàn)在已減少到5萬(wàn)。Thepopulationherehas_______________fiftythousandnow.2.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息，全班都安靜了下來(lái)。Hearingthebadnews,theclasswas_________________.

3.據(jù)報(bào)道，那個(gè)地區(qū)的米價(jià)下降了5%。Itisreportedthatthepriceofthericeinthatarea_______________5%.beenreducedto

reducedtosilencewasreducedby8.commentvi.&vt.

表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng)論

n.評(píng)論；議論【歸納】commenton/aboutsth./sb.對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論makecomments/nocommentonsth./sb.

對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論/不進(jìn)行評(píng)論翻譯下列句子。1.Shemadehelpfulcommentsonmywork.

2.Idon’tfeelIcancommentontheirdecision.她對(duì)我的工作提出了有益的評(píng)論。我覺(jué)得我無(wú)法對(duì)他們的決定作出評(píng)論。

課堂練兵單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Hehasbeenlivingherefora________(十年)．2.Theyhopeto________(擴(kuò)大)theircompany.3.___________(因此),wemusttreasurethetime.4.“We________(出口)themandthenweneedtoimportthem,”Jamessaid.decadeexpandThereforeexport5.Theconditionpreventsthebloodfrom___________(循環(huán))freely.6.Theyhavetor_______expensesthisyear.7.I'mtootiredtof_____onanything.8.Canyoushowanythingtoproveyourn_________？circulatingreducefocusnationality9.Themanagermadenoc_________onmyadviceatthemeeting.10.Theteacherwrotedownthesentencesandu__________thekeywordsinadifferentcolor.commentunderlined1.thanksto

由于；多虧（有時(shí)用作反語(yǔ)）;因?yàn)椤就卣埂?/p>

表示“因?yàn)?，由于”的短語(yǔ)還有：becauseof，owingto，onaccountof，dueto，asaresultof,resultfrom【溫馨提示】以上這些都是介詞短語(yǔ)，因此后面可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞而不可以跟從句。二、短語(yǔ)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用thanksto完成下列句子。1.Itwasallagreatsuccess—_________________________(由于盡心竭力).2.____________________(多虧了你的幫助),wearrivedtheresafely.thankstoalotofhardworkThankstoyourhelp2.rid...of

擺脫;除去【拓展】

ridoneselfofdebts

還清債務(wù)

ridsb.ofone'sdoubt

消除某人的疑慮

ridoneselfofabadhabit

改掉……不良習(xí)慣

getridof

擺脫;除去

beridof

擺脫;去掉3.besatisfiedwith

對(duì)……表示滿足或滿意【拓展】

behappywith對(duì)......滿意becontentwith對(duì)......滿意besatisfiedtodosth.對(duì)做...…感到滿意toone’ssatisfaction=tothesatisfactionofsb.使某人滿意的是4.wouldrather

寧愿，寧可其后接動(dòng)詞原形

【拓展】

wouldrather...than...常用句式，意為“寧可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”wouldrather＋從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)表示。wouldratherhavedone

本想做……（而實(shí)際上未做）

每個(gè)句子都有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。

1.ThisSundayIwouldratherstayingathomethangotothepark.

_______________2.Hewouldratherdon’tgowithme._______________3.I’dratherhadthesmallapple._______________staying

→

staydon’t

→

nothad

→

have5.buildup

逐漸增加，變得嚴(yán)重起來(lái)，(車(chē)輛)擁擠起來(lái)；積累，積聚；加強(qiáng)(力量)，增強(qiáng)(體質(zhì))；建立，開(kāi)發(fā)【歸納】buildsb./oneselfupbuildupone’sbody/strength/health增強(qiáng)某人的體質(zhì)，使某人更加強(qiáng)壯。翻譯句子。1.Hardworkingconditionsbuildupcharacter.2.I’mverygladtoseethatyourvocabularyisgraduallybuildingup.3.Wearebuildingupagoodbusiness.艱苦的工作條件能磨練人的性格?？吹侥愕脑~匯量在逐漸增長(zhǎng)，我很高興。我們的生意興隆。6.leadto

導(dǎo)致;造成(后果);通向【拓展】

leadsb.todosth.誘導(dǎo)某人做某事，使某人做某事leadsb.tosp.帶領(lǐng)某人去某地leado帶某人進(jìn)入leadtheway引路,帶路lead/live/havea...life過(guò)著……樣的生活用lead

to翻譯下列句子。1.吃太多的糖會(huì)引起健康問(wèn)題。

Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.2.這條路通向公園。

Theroadleadstothepark.3.她帶領(lǐng)我們到了樓上的房間。

Sheledustoaroomupstairs.7.keep...freefrom/of

使……免受(影響/傷害);使……不含(有害物)【拓展】

befreefrom/of...

無(wú)……的;免于……的

forfree

免費(fèi)

freeofcharge

免費(fèi)課堂練兵用所學(xué)短語(yǔ)填空1.Theprecisioninstrumentmust_________________dust.2.Hiseyesslowlybeganto________whatlookedlikeasmalldarkball.3.Henry____________thathisgirlfriendworkedinthesamedepartmentashedoes.bekeptfreefrom

focuson

wouldrather

4.Everymorningmygrandfatherspends45minutesdoingphysicalexercisesto________hishealth.5.Thiskindofdiscussionwill________stillgreaterdifferencesbetweenthetwoparties.buildupleadto1.Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?(P9)如果這樣的話,你做了些什么來(lái)種植這些植物？①ifso

意為“如果是這樣的話”,是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式,表示肯定意義,如果表示否定意義,則用ifnot。(三)句式②if構(gòu)成的其他省略形式：ifany

如果有的話ifpossible

如果可能的話ifnecessary

如果必要的話2.In1974,hebecame

thefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrow

ricethathasahighoutput.

thefirst/last/best/only/very/right...+n.+todosth.表示“第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)/最好的一個(gè)/唯一的/恰好的/合適的……做某事的人/物”。不定式放在表示次序的詞thefirst,thelast,thebest以及theonly,thevery,theright等詞后面,且這些詞與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。e.g.Heisalwaysthefirst

tocomeandthelasttoleave.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)并且最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)。

Thelastmantoleavethesinkingshipwasthecaptain.最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)正在下沉的船的那個(gè)人是船長(zhǎng)。3.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwice

aslargeasbefore.用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：

A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.＋as＋BA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋BA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋（由某些形容詞變化而來(lái)的）n.＋of＋Be.g.I’mnotgoingoutwithamanwho’stwice

as

old

asme.我不愿意和一個(gè)年紀(jì)比我大一倍的男人一起參加社交活動(dòng)。Myhouseisthreetimesbiggerthanyours.

我的屋子比你的大三倍。Yourplaygroundis900metreswide,threetimesthesizeofours.你們操場(chǎng)有900米寬,是我們的三倍。語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)★動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，表示一般或抽象的習(xí)慣性行為，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.★在一些句子中，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放到句末。如：Itisveryimportantrememberingothers’names.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)★有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。有此用法的動(dòng)詞有：allow,advise,admit,appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,delay,deny,

enjoy,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,mention,permit,practice,quit,risk,suggest等。Mymotheradvisedaskingadoctortocomeandexaminemyeyes.We’reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.★有些動(dòng)詞后既可跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但用法和意義都有所不同。這些動(dòng)詞是：remember,