高中從句講解

名詞性從句定義：從句在句子中充當(dāng)名詞。分類：主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句。（從句在句中充當(dāng)成份）連接詞：連詞：that(無意義，不充當(dāng)成份)，if/wether(無意義，是否的意思)連接代詞：what(充當(dāng)主，賓，表，什么)，who(主賓表，指人)，whom,(賓，指人)which（主賓表，定，哪一個），whose（定語，哪一個）連接副詞：when(時間狀語，什么時候)，where（地點(diǎn)狀語，什么地方），why(原因狀語，為什么)，how(方式狀語，怎么樣，如何)復(fù)合連詞：whatever（不管什么），whoever(不管是誰)，whichever（不管哪個），whomever（不管是誰），whenever（不管什么時候），wherever（不管什么地方），however（不管怎樣）主語從句定義：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語，常位于句首或者動詞be動詞之前Eg:他獲得一得獎一事使他很興奮。That(不充當(dāng)成份，無意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.她能來我們很高興。Thatshewasabletocomemadeushappy.我們是否能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)那兒還不確定.Whetherwecangetthereontimeisdoubtful.我們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個問題還未作出決定。Whatweshoulddowiththeproblemisundecided.我們所需要的是時間。Whatweneedistime.對她來說，最重要的是她的家庭。Whatisimportanttoherisherfamily.誰去都是一樣的。、Whowillgomakesnodifference.哪一組贏得比賽還不知道。Whichteamwillwinthegameisstillunknown.她去哪了還是個迷Whereshehasgoneisamystery.這個怎么發(fā)生的還不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotclear.他們什么時候開始還不知道。Whentheywillstartisstillunkownyet.Whateveryousaidwouldmadeherangry.Whoevercomesfirstshouldgetapresent.形式主語：1).that引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時候，為了避免頭重教輕，常用It做形式上的主語而將That從句放句末。Eg:That(不充當(dāng)成份，無意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.=Itexcitedhimthathegotthefirstprice.2).常見的形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)1.It+系動詞+形容詞+That從句：Itisclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.2.It+系動詞+名詞+That從句：（apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder奇跡,nowonder難怪，goodnews）Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendtheirwedding.Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.It+系動詞+動詞過去分詞+that(expected,reported,thought,decided,announced)Itissaidthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.Itisannouncedthattheplanhasbeensuccessfullycarriedout.It+特殊動詞+that從句（常用動詞seem，appear顯得，happen，matter，turnout,occuretosb某人突然想起）Itseemstomethatheobjectstotheplan.IthappenedthatImetanoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.表語從句定義：充當(dāng)表語，位與系動詞（常常是Be）動詞之后。Eg:Thefactisthatweshoulddependonourselves.Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproject.其它引導(dǎo)詞：Asif,as,asthough此類表語從句常跟在特殊詞后面，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel.Itsoundsasifsomeoneifknockingthedoor.Youlookjustasyoulooked10yearsago.reason主語時候表語從句，用that引導(dǎo)，不用Why.但是引導(dǎo)的定語從句用whyThereasonisthatthedrivewasdrunk.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.4.當(dāng)主語表示“plan,advice,suggestion,order,request”等計劃，命令，建議，請求時候，表語從句用should+doMysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatyoushouldlieinbedforafewdays.同位語從句1.定義：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語，用來解釋說明某一名詞內(nèi)容的從句，總是跟在一個名詞后面，該名詞是先行詞。同位語是對句中某一成份作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明，與前面的詞在語法上處于同等地位的成份。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.YouhavenoidearhowworriedIwas.Theproblemwhytheearthisbicomingwarmerandwarmerisstillunderdiscussion.Wordcamethathehasbeenabroad.2.不是所有的名詞的都跟同位語，只有有一定內(nèi)涵內(nèi)容的名詞才可以跟同位語。Advice，belief，doubt，explanation，fact，fear，feeling，hope,fact,idear,feeling，word.等。賓語從句(that常?？梢允÷?定義：從句充當(dāng)賓語，位于動詞或介詞之后。Hesaidthathecouldn’tfinishhisworkbeforedusk.Doyouknowwhoisinchargeofthecompany?Idon’tknowwhenwewillmeetagain.Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.(介詞之后的賓語從句一般用whether，而不用if)形式賓語:feel,find,think,consider,make,believe等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時，常用it作形式賓語，將That從句置后。IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheparty.Weallfinditimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.有些動詞后一般不直接跟賓語從句，而補(bǔ)充個It,這些動詞有hate,like,dislike,love,take,seeto,dependon,,relyon,enjoy,appreciate,answarfor,feellike,befondof,counton等。Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewithme.Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.3.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：主句動詞是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy,guess等。主語是第一人稱，一