新編跨文化英語交際Unit4-01Language-and-Culture

Unit4-01LanguageandCultureWarmUp1.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.2.Thesumofhumanwisdomisnotcontainedinanyonelanguage,andnosinglelanguageiscapableofexpressingallformsanddegreesofhumancomprehension.3.Languagemostshowsaman.Speak,thatImayseethee.2023/9/292Unit4-011.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.Languageisthecommunicationofmeaningbetweenanythinginanyway.Soforthattobenarrowedorlimitedistoalsolimityourunderstandingoftheworldaroundyou.basicallykeepanopenmind.我語言的局限意味著我的世界/天地的局限.

語言的限制就是我世界里的限制

.2023/9/293Unit4-011.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.我語言的局限意味著我的世界/天地的局限.

語言的限制就是我世界里的限制

.2023/9/294Unit4-012.Thesumofhumanwisdomisnotcontainedinanyonelanguage,andnosinglelanguageiscapableofexpressingallformsanddegreesofhumancomprehension.EzraPound(1885-1972)任何一種語言都無法包含人類智慧的結晶的總和,任何單一的語言都無法表達人的認知的所有形式和程度.-----龐德,詩人(1885年至1972年)

2023/9/295Unit4-013.Languagemostshowsaman.Speak,thatImayseethee.語言最能顯示一個人，說話吧，讓我看看你的真面目.語言最能表現(xiàn)一個人。一開口說話，就可以看出來。

意思是一個人所講的話可以反映出他的品格。這很好理解，像有的人說話尖刻不饒人，那他就是毒舌派，如果有的人講話喋喋不休，那他就是長舌婦。。?？傊?，聽別人說話，可以幫助你判斷他可信可敬的程度。

2023/9/296Unit4-01WarmUp(P118.)1.[Inaphysicsclass]Professor:Whatismatter?Student:Never

mind.Professor:Thenwhatismind?Student:Itdoesn’tmatter.2023/9/297Unit4-01WarmUp2.A:

Iamsorry.Foreigner:

Iamsorry,too.A:Iamsorrythree.Foreigner:Whatareyousorryfor(four)?A:Iamsorryfive.2023/9/298Unit4-01WarmUp2.A.Whycouldn’tCinderellabeagoodsoccerplayer?B.Shelosthershoe,sheranawayfromtheball,andhercoachwasapumpkin.2023/9/299Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCultureHowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguages?HelloGutenTag,Bonjour,orOhioGozayimasuおはようございます

2023/9/2910Unit4-01HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguagesChinese:你好,您好(formal)Hello–EnglishGutenTag–GermanBonjour–FrenchHola–SpanishOhio–Japaneseおはよう

Gozayimasu-Japaneseおはようございます

2023/9/2911Unit4-01HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguagesJapanese:おはようございます

(ohayō

gozaimásu=goodmorning,polite),こんにちは

(kónnichi

wa=goodday),こんばんは

(kómban

wa=goodevening),おはよう

(ohayō=helloKorean:?????

(annyeonghaseyo,formal),??

(annyeong,informal)

Russian:привет(privét,informal),здравствуйте(zdrávstvujte,formal),добрый

день(dóbryjden’)2023/9/2912Unit4-01HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguages

English:goodbyeItalian:ciaobellaFrench:aurevoirSpanish:adiosRussian:Довиждане(dasvidania)German:aufwiedersenJapanese:さよなら

(Sayonara)Korean:??????

(Annyeonghi

gyeseyo)2023/9/2913Unit4-01

Saying“thankyou”English:ThankYouGerman:Danke(sch?n)-(dahn-kuh(shurn)Spanish:GraciasJapanese:ありがとうございます

arigatogozaimasu[pronounced:A-rii-gah-to'goh-zae-mas](formal)Korean:?????Gomapsupnida(formal)[pronounced:go-mahp-soop-nee-dah]Korean:????/?????

KomapsumnidaRussian:Спасибо(soundslikespa-see-ba)2023/9/2914Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture1.Whatcanwedotoavoidattributingaverydifferentmeaningtoaphraseorinterpretitliterally?2.Whataretheotherfunctionsofusingquestionformsapartfromaskingforinformation?3.WhyarethoseGermansgettingstifferandmorereservedallthetimewhenvisitingIngridZerbe?2023/9/2915Unit4-014.Whatistherelationshipbetweenenvironmentandlanguage?5.Doestheauthorthinkthereareexactequivalentsindictionariesthathavethesamemeaningsindifferentcultures?6.Howdoeslanguagechangeovertime?2023/9/2916Unit4-017.DoestheauthorthinkitpossibleforcountriessuchasFranceandIcelandtokeeptheirlanguagespurebyimplementinglanguagepolicies?8.Whatarethepossiblelanguagebarriersinclassroomteaching?2023/9/2917Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture1.Whatcanwedotoavoidattributingaverydifferentmeaningtoaphraseorinterpretitliterally?Wehavetobeawareoftheculturalimplicationsofthephrase.2023/9/2918Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture2.Whataretheotherfunctionsofusingquestionformsapartfromaskingforinformation?Itservesasalubricanttomovetheconversationforward.Suchaquestioncanbecalleda"socialquestion".2023/9/2919Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture3.WhyarethoseGermansgettingStifferandmorereservedallthetimewhenvisitingIngridZerbe?Theyareconfusedabouthowtoaddressher,forsheintroducesherselfbyherfirstandlastnameratherthanbyherlastnameandprofessionaltitle.2023/9/2920Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenenvironmentandlanguage?Languagereflectstheenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weuselanguagetolabelthethingsthatarearoundus.2023/9/2921Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture5.Doestheauthorthinkthereareexactequivalentsindictionariesthathavethesamemeaningsindifferentcultures?No.Accordingtotheauthor,therearenosuchequivalentsbetweenlanguages;therefore,tocommunicateconceptseffectively,culturalknowledgeisasimportantaslinguisticknowledge.2023/9/2922Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture6.Howdoeslanguagechangeovertime?Wordsandphrasesthatareusedcommonlyatonetimemaybediscontinuedortheirmeaningmaychangeovertime.2023/9/2923Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture7.DoestheauthorthinkitpossibleforcountriessuchasFranceandIcelandtokeeptheirlanguagespurebyimplementinglanguagepolicies?Theauthordoesnotthinkso,because,forinstance,theAcademieFrancaisemayinsistoncertainrules,butotherFrench-speakinggroupsmaymaketheirownrulesandconsidertheirFrenchjustascorrect.2023/9/2924Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture8.Whatarethepossiblelanguagebarriersinclassroomteaching?Insomecasestheprofessorsmayhaveapoorcommandofthelanguage;however,inmostcasestheproblemisnotthelanguagebutdifferentintonationpatternsanddifferentculturalsignals.2023/9/2925Unit4-01

Fill-inTaskTrytousetheappropriatecolortermgivenbelowtofillineachoftheblanksinthefollowingsentences.ManyofthesetermsmaybeusedmorethanOnce.

blackbluebrowngreenredwhiteyellow2023/9/2926Unit4-01Fill-inTask1)He'sjusta________recruitfreshfromcollege.2)Itriedtocallhermanytimesbutshewasina_______studyanddidn'thearme.3)Oneday,outofthe_______,agirlrangupandsaidshewasmysister.4)Thenewofficeblockhasunfortunatelybecomeanexpensive_______elephant.5)Marywasalwaysregardedasthe_______sheepofthefamily.greenbrownbluewhiteblack2023/9/2927Unit4-01Fill-inTask6)You'dbetterdosomethingtoproveyou'renot_______.7)Canyouseethe_______inhereyes?8)Themerethoughtofherhusbandwiththesecretarymadehersee______.9)Igotsome_________looksfromtheshopkeeperwhenIcancelledmyorder,10)WhenI'mfeeling______,allIhavetodoistakealookatyou,andthenI'mnotso______.redgreenredblackblueblack2023/9/2928Unit4-01Fill-inTask11)Don'ttellmeany______lietomakemefeelgood.12)Itmaycostoveraweektogothroughallthe________tapetogetthepermission.13)Histypeofhumorisabittoo________formytastes.14)Areyouallright?--Youlookabsolutely_______.15)Hebasedhisjudgmentonheadlinesand________journalism.whiteredblackblueyellow2023/9/2929Unit4-01

GroupWorkFirstreadthefollowingAgroupofAmericanstudentswereaskedtowritedowntheirperceptionsofdifferentcolors.Followingarethemeaningstheyattachedtothecolors:Black--death,evil,mourning,sexyBlue--cold,masculine,sad,sky2023/9/2930Unit4-01Fill-inTaskGreen--envy,greed,moneyPink--feminine,shy,softness,sweetRed--anger,hot,love,sexWhite--good,innocent,peaceful,pureYellow--caution,happy,sunshine,warm2023/9/2931Unit4-01Studentsfromdifferentculturalbackgroundswouldassignatotallydifferentsetofmeaningstoeachcolor.Forinstance,totheJapaneseandKoreansredrepresentsacoloroflongevity,splendor,andwealth;greenisaholycolortoMoslems;andyellowisanoblecolorforIndians.2023/9/2932Unit4-01ThecolorblackisverymuchwelcomeintheCaribbean(加勒比海(地區(qū)))andAfrica,and,inmanyAfricantongues,thewordblackhasconnotationsofstrength,certainty,integrity(健全，正直),whilewhiteisassociatedwithpaleness,anemia(乏力，無生氣),unnaturalness,deviousness(偏離正道，不光明正大),untrustworthiness.WhiteisaweddingcolorintheUnitedStates,butafuneralcolorinIndia;bycontrast,redisaweddingcolorinpartsofIndia,butsuggestssexualimpurity(i.e.a"scarlet(猩紅色的，淫蕩的)woman")inaU.S.wedding.2023/9/2933Unit4-01Forexample,inChinesewehavemanykinshipterms,someofwhichseemtohavenoequivalentsinEnglish.ConsiderthefollowingChineseterms:叔叔伯伯舅舅姨夫姑父阿姨姑姑舅母姨媽嬸嬸小姨子小叔子小舅子大嫂妹夫婆婆公公岳母岳父表兄(弟)堂兄(弟)表姐(妹)堂姐(妹)連襟妯娌

2023/9/2934Unit4-01Considertheword"dog"inEnglishand狗inChinese.

ThefollowingaremoreexamplesinEnglishandChineseforyoutodiscuss:1.watchdog2.Loveme,lovemydog.3.Everydoghashisday4.Beasfaithfulasadog5.Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.6.Iamtoooldadogtolearnnewtricks.2023/9/2935Unit4-017.Becarefulofwhatyousaytohimbecausehe'stopdogintheoffice.8.Anoldmancametothedoorandaskedformoneyforacupofteayesterday.Myaunt,alwayshappytohelpalamedogoverastile,invitedhiminforameal.2023/9/2936Unit4-01Considertheword"dog"inEnglishand狗inChinese.狗膽包天狗急跳墻狼心狗肺狗仗人勢狗皮膏藥狗頭軍師狗血噴頭狗尾續(xù)貂狗咬狗狗腿子放狗屁狗崽子痛打落水狗狗拿耗子，多管閑事狗嘴里吐不出象牙2023/9/2937Unit4-01Questions:1.WhatarethemajordifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishincategorizingkinfolk?2.Whatotherexamplesofconnotativedifferencescanyougivebetweenthetwolanguages?2023/9/2938Unit4-01ReadingII1.Whatistheauthor'sviewoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?2.Inwhichwaysdoeslanguagereflecttheculture?3.Howcanweusetherightlanguageintherightwayaccordingtotheauthor?.4.Isthereanyculturalproductthatconsistsentirelyoflanguage?Canyougiveanexample?2023/9/2939Unit4-01ReadingII5.Whatisthemeaningof"languageisaculturalproductinandofitself"?6.Canyougiveanexampleofhowwordsleadtoculturalperspectives?7.WhatdidtheChineseteacherfindfromherin-depthstudyof"thebumpersticker"?8.Arethereanyparticularnormsmadebydifferentcommunitiesfortheirlanguageuse?2023/9/2940Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin

1.Whatistheauthor'sviewoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?Languageandculturearefused;onereflectstheother.

2023/9/2941Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin2.Inwhichwaysdoeslanguagereflectculture?Languageembodiestheproducts,perspectives,communities,andpersonsofaculture.Membersoftheculturehavecreatedthelanguagetocarryoutalltheirculturalpractices,toidentifyandorganizealltheirculturalproducts,andtonametheunderlyingculturalperspectivesinthevariouscommunitiesthatcomprisetheirculture.2023/9/2942Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin3.Howcanweusetherightlanguageintherightwayaccordingtotheauthor?Itisbasedondirectexperienceinthecultureandinteractionswithmembersoftheculture,inallthecomplexitythisentails.2023/9/2943Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin4.Isthereanyculturalproductthatconsistsentirelyoflanguage?Canyougiveanexample?Many'culturalproducts,suchasliterature,taxcodes,telephonedirectories,operatinginstructions,passports,consistentirelyoflanguage.Anotherexampleisfolklores.2023/9/2944Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin5.Whatisthemeaningof,'languageisaculturalproductinandofitself"?Whenspokenorwritten,languagetakesontangibleandperceptibleforms.Thesetangibleforms,aswithanyculturalproduct,canbedescribedthroughlanguage.Weconstantlyuselanguagetodiscusslanguageitself.2023/9/2945Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin6.Canyougiveanexampleofhowwordsleadtoculturalperspectives?Forexample,thekinshiptermsusedinChineseleadtoaculturalperspectivethatisdifferentfromthatoftheEnglish-speakingpeople.2023/9/2946Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin7.WhatdidtheChineseteacherfindfromherin-depthstudyof"thebumpersticker"?Theperspectivesareindeedembodiedinwords,phrases,andsentences,buttheyarenotalwaysimmediatelyobvious,especiallytooutsiders.2023/9/2947Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin8.Arethereanyparticularnormsmadebydifferentcommunitiesfortheirlanguageuse?Yes,thereare.Communitiesdefinenormsforappropriateuseoflanguage.Withingroups,roles,relationships,andothersocialfactorsinfluencewhospeaks,whattheysay,andhowtheysayit.Thelanguageformsweuseinonesetofsocialcircumstanceswithcertaincommunitiesarenotnecessarilytheonesweuseinothers.2023/9/2948Unit4-01HowtoSayYesandNoTranslatethefollowing:1)Doyoulikethenewschool?--Yes,Ido2)–Pleasedon’tsaythat--Yes,Iwill3)—Iknowwhathewants--Yes?--Money!2023/9/2949Unit4-014)–Waiter!--Yes,sir5)—Yes?--I’dliketwotickets,please6)–Everythingwillbeallrightsoon,yes?2DifferentwaystosayYes2023/9/2950Unit4-01Howtorefuseothers?1)Beingsilentorshowingalackofenthusiasm2)Offeringanalternative3)Postponement(delayinganswers)4)Puttingtheresponsibilityonathirdpartyorsomethingoverwhichyouhavenocontrol2023/9/2951Unit4-015)Avoidance6)Generalacceptanceofanofferbutgivingnodetails7)Divertinganddistracting2JapanesewaytosayNo2023/9/2952Unit4-01

我們說語言總是模糊的，指的是我們永遠無法控制我們所說所寫的東西所表達的意思。我們通過說話和寫作所傳達的意思不僅僅由詞語和句子本身決定，聽眾和讀者的理解也起到了一定的作用。換言之，是交際雙方共同創(chuàng)造了語言所表達的意思。語言的模糊性是與生俱來的。為了溝通，我們必須自己推斷出對方的意思，除此之外別無他法。在理解別人說話時，我們必須推測這些話的意思。這些推測主要基于以下兩個來源：(1)他們所使用的語言；(2)我們的世界知識。這種知識包括能夠預知在某種特定語境下人們通常會說些什么。語言是模糊的。這意味著無論是讀或寫，我們永遠無法完全地領會他人的意思。換言之，語言永遠無法完全地表達我們的意思。然而，這對跨文化交際意味著什么呢?

首先必須明白，如果交際參與者擁有更多共同的預期和世界知識，交際便會有比較好的效果。相似的歷史、背景和經歷使得人們之間的交際較為容易，因為任何一方對另一方意思的推測都基于共同的經驗和知識。在推測話意方面，來自同一個村子、同一個家庭的兩個人要比來自地球不同半球不同城市的兩個人少犯錯誤。2023/9/2953Unit4-01Case13Thisexamplevividlyillustratesthatfailuresininterculturaltranslationmayleadtoseriousconsequence,orevendisasterstohumanbeings.Definitely,translationisnotsuchasimpleprocessasrenderingaword,asentenceoratextliterally,butratherafarmorecomplexonethanmostpeopleassume.Forexample,onceaChinesecosmeticmanufacturerwantedtopromotetheirproductsintotheinternationalmarket.Thesloganoftheadvertisementwas:"sweetasJade",asinChinese"jade"wasalwaysusedtocomplimentawoman'sbeauty;butunfortunately,itwasnotanappropriatewordtodescribethebeautyoraladyinWesterncultures.InEnglish,"jade"whenreferringtoawomanhastheconnotationsofbeingvulgar,rude,orimmoral.Undoubtedly,thesaleswerenotsatisfying.Theseemingequivalentsbetweenlanguagesmayhaveverydifferentconnotationsindifferentcultures,thusthetranslatorshouldbecautiousintheprocessoftranslationsoastoavoidmisunderstandings.2023/9/2954Unit4-01Case14"楊"referstoYangKaihuiwhowasMaoZedong'sdeceasedwife,and"柳"referstoLiuZhixunwhowasLiShuyi'sdeceasedhusband.Theycanbetranslatedindifferentways,butitseemstobeverydifficult,ifnotimpossible,toachieveequivalenceintranslatingfromChineseintoEnglish.Adoptingtheliteraltranslationstrategy,version1appearstobefaithfultotheoriginalbutma