計算機專業(yè)英語 第3版 課件全套 朱龍 Chapter1 Hardware Concepts(硬件基礎)-Chapter7 IT Workplace English（IT職場英語）

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HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?PCOverview計算機專業(yè)英語APCisasmall,relativelyinexpensivecomputerdesignedforanindividualuser.Inprice,personalcomputersrangeanywherefromafewhundreddollarstooverfivethousanddollars.AllarebasedonthemicroprocessortechnologythatenablesmanufacturerstoputanentireCPUononechip.Businessesusepersonalcomputerforwordprocessing,accounting,desktoppublishing,andforrunningspreadsheetanddatabasemanagementapplications.Athome,themostpopularuseforpersonalcomputersisforplayinggamesandcomputer-assistedlearning.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?PCOverview計算機專業(yè)英語Personalcomputersfirstappearedinthelate1970s.OneofthefirstandmostpopularpersonalcomputerswastheAppleⅡ,introducedin1977byAppleComputer.Duringthelate1970sandearly1980s,newmodelsandcompetingoperatingsystemsseemedtoappeardaily.Then,in1981,IBMenteredthefray(競爭)withitsfirstpersonalcomputer,knownastheIBMPC.TheIBMPCquicklybecamethepersonalcomputerofchoice,andmostotherpersonalcomputermanufacturersfellbythewayside.OneofthefewcompaniestosurviveIBM’sonslaught(沖擊)wasAppleComputer,whichremainsamajorplayerinthepersonalcomputermarketplace.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?PCOverview計算機專業(yè)英語OthercompaniesadjustedtoIBM’sdominance(優(yōu)勢)bybuildingIBMclones,computersthatwereinternallyalmostthesameastheIBMPC,butthatcostless.BecauseIBMclonesusedthesamemicroprocessorsasIBMPCs,theywerecapableofrunningthesamesoftware.Overtheyears,IBMhaslostmuchofitsinfluence(影響)indirectingtheevolution(發(fā)展)ofPCs.Manyofitsinnovations(創(chuàng)新),suchastheMCA(MicroChannelArchitecture)expansionbusandtheOS/2operatingsystem,havenotbeenacceptedbytheindustryorthemarketplace.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?PCOverview計算機專業(yè)英語Today,theworldofpersonalcomputerisbasicallydividedbetweenAppleMacintoshesandPCs.Theprincipal(主要的)characteristics(特征)ofpersonalcomputersarethattheyaresingle-usersystemsandarebasedonmicroprocessors.However,althoughpersonalcomputersaredesignedassingle-usersystems,itiscommontolinkthemtogethertoformanetwork.Intermsofpower,thereisgreatvariety.Atthehighend,thedistinctionbetweenpersonalcomputersandworkstationshasfaded(已褪色的).High-endmodelsoftheMacintoshandPCofferthesamecomputingpowerandgraphicscapabilityaslow-endworkstationbySunMicrosystems,Hewlett-Packard,andDEC.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowDoComputersWork?計算機專業(yè)英語Toaccomplishataskusingacomputer,youneedacombinationofhardware,software,andinput.Hardwareconsistsofdevices,likethecomputeritself,themonitor,keyboard,printer,mouse,andspeakers.Insideyourcomputertherearemorebitsofhardware,includingthemotherboard,whereyouwouldfindthemainprocessingchipsthatmakeupthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).Thehardwareprocessesthecommandsitreceivesfromthesoftware,andperformstasksorcalculations.Softwareisthenamegiventotheprogramsthatyouinstallonthecomputertoperformcertaintypesofactivities.Thereisoperatingsystemsoftware,suchastheAppleOSforaMacintosh,orWindows95orWindows98foraPC.Thereisalsoapplicationsoftware,likethegamesweplayorthetoolsweusetocomposelettersordomathproblems.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowDoComputersWork?計算機專業(yè)英語Youprovidetheinput.Whenyoutypeacommandorclickonanicon,youaretellingthecomputerwhattodo.Thatiscalledinput.感謝觀看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching計算機專業(yè)英語練習Exercises計算機專業(yè)英語chapterone

HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?1．MatchtheexplanationsinColumnBwithwordsandexpressionsinColumnA.計算機專業(yè)英語搭配下列每組中意義相同的詞或短語AB打印機Modem驅動器Printer元件Hardware磁盤Pathname路徑名Component硬件Disk調(diào)制解調(diào)器DriveAB顯示Computer故障Writeprotection計算機Mouse鍵盤Display寫保護LAN鼠標Fault局域網(wǎng)KeyboardMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?Choosetheproperwordstofillintheblanks.計算機專業(yè)英語選詞填空TypesofComputerComputercanbegenerallyclassifiedbysizeandpowerasfollowing,thoughthereisconsiderableoverlapamongthem.A

referstoasmall,single-usercomputerbasedonamicroprocessor,withakeyboardforenteringdata,amonitorfordisplayinginformation,andastoragedeviceforsavingdata.A

isapowerful,single-usercomputer,which,thoughlookinglikeamicrocomputer,hasamorepowerfulmicroprocessorandahigher-qualitymonitor.A

standsasamulti-usercomputercapableofsupportingfromtentohundredsofterminals（終端）oruserssimultaneously（同時地）.A

,synonymouswith“giant”,isthenameforapowerfulmulti-usercomputerwhichsupportshundredsofthousandsofusersatthesametime.A

describesanextremelyfastcomputerthatcanperformhundredsofmillionsofinstructionspersecond.Wordstobechosenfrom:（可選詞）supercomputer,minicomputer,mainframe,workstation,personalcomputerMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?3．TranslatethefollowingEnglishphrasesorsentencesintoChinese.計算機專業(yè)英語將下面英語詞組或句子翻譯為中文PersonalComputer.Thisisadisplay.Thedisplayisonthesystemunit.Thatisaprinter.Theprinterisbythedisplayandsystemunit.Thisisadiskdrive.Thediskdriveisinthesystemunit.Thisisakeyboardandthatisamouse.Thekeyboardandmousearebeforethesystemunitanddisplay.Thatisamodem.Themodemisbythesystemunittoo.Theyarebasichardwarecomponentsofapersonalcomputersystem.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?4．Practicalassignment:計算機專業(yè)英語實踐作業(yè)：gotothelocalComputermarkettounderstandthelatestdevelopmentsandquotationsofcomputerhardware.Inparticular,whatbrandsofpurelydomesticcomputersarethere?到當?shù)仉娔X城了解計算機硬件的最新動態(tài)和報價，尤其要看看純國產(chǎn)的計算機有哪些品牌？感謝觀看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching計算機專業(yè)英語情境對話SituationDialogue計算機專業(yè)英語chapterone

HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket計算機專業(yè)英語逛計算機超市MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?李小姐：電腦城銷售員張先生：對計算機不太懂的顧客李小姐：先生，請問有什么可以幫您的嗎？張先生：是的，我想買計算機，但我不怎么了解計算機。李小姐：先生，您喜歡品牌機還是兼容機？MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket計算機專業(yè)英語逛計算機超市Zhang:Butwhatisabrandmachine?Li:Abrandmachineisonethatisdesignedandassembledbysomefamouscomputercompaniesintheworld.Itistestedwithgreatcareafterbeingassembled.Ithasgoodqualityandhasgoodserviceaftersale.Zhang:Whatkindofbrandsdoyouhave,please?Li:IBM,HP,DELLabroad.Domestically,wehaveLenovo,Founder,TsinghuaTongfang,TCL,Hasee,andthelike.張先生：什么是品牌機？李小姐：由世界上一些著名計算機公司設計、組裝的計算機。出廠前已經(jīng)過嚴格測試，質量好，售后服務好。張先生：請問有哪些品牌？李小姐：國外的有IBM、惠普、戴爾，國內(nèi)的有聯(lián)想、方正、清華同方、TCL、神州等。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket計算機專業(yè)英語逛計算機超市Zhang:Whatisacompatiblecomputer,then?Li:AcompatibleisalsocalledDIY(DoItYourself).Itisassembledbytheuser.Itcanbeverycheap.Zhang:OK.I’dliketobuyacompatiblecomputer.Couldyougivemesomesuggestions?Li:Sure,sir!Inmyopinion,Isuggestyoudisposeyourcomputerasfollowings:張先生：那么小姐，請問什么叫兼容機？李小姐：兼容機又稱DIY，用戶自己組裝的，價格便宜。張先生：那我想買一臺兼容機，你能給我點建議嗎？李小姐：先生，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，我建議您做這樣的配置：MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket計算機專業(yè)英語逛計算機超市Mainboard:ASUSPRIMEZ590-P.CPU(centralprocessingunit):IntelCorei911900F.Memory:Kingston32GBDDR42133.HardDisk:WDSN8501TBNVMeSSD.VideoCard:ASUSTUF-RTX3090-O24G-GAMING.Monitor:AOC24V2H.Printer:LenovoM1520W.AsforComputerchassisandspeaker,it’suptoyou.主板：華碩PRIMEZ590-P。CPU：英特爾i911900F。內(nèi)存：金士頓32GBDDR4

2133。硬盤：西部數(shù)據(jù)SN8501TBNVMeSSD。顯卡：華碩TUF-RTX3090-O24G-GAMING。顯示器：AOC24V2H。打印機：聯(lián)想M1520W。機箱和音箱您可以自己任意挑選。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?VisitingtheComputerSupermarket計算機專業(yè)英語逛計算機超市Zhang:Canyouguaranteetheserviceaftersale?Li:Certainly.Zhang:OK.Thankyouverymuch.Li:Youarewelcome.張先生：售后服務有保障嗎？李小姐：當然有，請您放心使用。張先生：好的，謝謝。李小姐：不客氣。感謝觀看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching計算機專業(yè)英語對照閱讀ReadingandComparing計算機專業(yè)英語chapterone

HardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems計算機專業(yè)英語計算機系統(tǒng)Acomputerisafastandaccuratesymbolmanipulatingsystemthatisorganizedtoaccept,store,andprocessdataandproduceoutputresultsunderthedirectionofastoredprogramofinstructions.Acompletecomputersetisasystemthatbasicallyincludesthefollowingfourkeyparts:theprocessor,thememory,theInputandtheOutput.計算機是一個快速和精確的符號處理系統(tǒng)，它被組織成能在所存儲程序指令的作用下接受、存儲和處理數(shù)據(jù)并產(chǎn)生輸出結果。一個完整的計算機系統(tǒng)基本上包括以下4個部分：處理器、存儲器、輸入部分和輸出部分。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems計算機專業(yè)英語計算機系統(tǒng)Theprocessoristhe“brain”ofthecomputerthathastheabilitytocarryoutourinstructionsorprogramsgiventothecomputer.Theprocessoristhepartthatknowshowtoaddandsubtractandtocarryoutsimplelogicaloperations.InabigmainframecomputertheprocessoriscalledaCentralProcessingUnit,orCPU,whileinamicrocomputer,itisusuallyknownasamicroprocessor.處理器是計算機的“大腦”，它具有執(zhí)行用戶提交給系統(tǒng)的指令或程序的能力。處理器是實現(xiàn)加法和減法運算以及執(zhí)行簡單邏輯運算的部件。在大型計算機系統(tǒng)中，處理器被稱作中央處理單元，或CPU，而在微型計算機系統(tǒng)中，通常叫作微處理器。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems計算機專業(yè)英語計算機系統(tǒng)Thememoryisthecomputer’sworkareaandnothinglikeourownmemory,sothetermcanbemisleading.Thecomputer’smemoryiswhereallactivitiestakeplace.Thesizeofacomputer’smemorysetsapracticallimitonthekindsofworkthatthecomputercanundertake.存儲器是計算機的工作區(qū)，但它完全不像我們的記憶系統(tǒng)，這個術語可能會引起誤解。計算機的存儲器是所有活動發(fā)生的場所。計算機存儲器的容量限制了計算機能承擔的工作種類。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems計算機專業(yè)英語計算機系統(tǒng)I/Oareallthemeansthatthecomputerusestotakeinorputoutdata.Itincludesinputthatwetypeinonthekeyboardandoutputthatthecomputershowsonthevideodisplayscreenorprintsontheprinter.Everytimethecomputeristakinginorputtingoutdata,it’sdoingI/OusingI/Odevices,whichisalsocalledperipheraldevices.I/O是計算機用來獲取數(shù)據(jù)或輸出信息的所有手段。它包括我們借助于鍵盤的輸入和通過顯示器或打印機的輸出。每次計算機輸入或輸出數(shù)據(jù)，都得通過也被稱作外圍設備的I/O設備實現(xiàn)I/O操作。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems計算機專業(yè)英語計算機系統(tǒng)Mostoftheinputdevicesworkinsimilarways.ThemessagesorsignalsreceivedareencodedintopatternswhichCPUcanprocessbyinputdevices,then,conveyedtoCPU.InputdevicescannotonlydeliverinformationtoCPUbutalsoactivateordeactivateprocessingjustaslightswitchesturnlampsonoroff.大部分輸入設備以相似的工作方式工作。輸入設備把接收到的信息和信號進行加工，使之變成CPU能處理的編碼，然后傳送給CPU。輸入設備不僅能給CPU輸送信息，而且也能像開關控制電燈那樣激活或終止處理過程。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?ComputerSystems計算機專業(yè)英語計算機系統(tǒng)Outputdevicesalsoplayimportantrolesinacomputersystem.Theycantelltheprocessingresultsandwarnuserswheretheirprogramsoroperationsarewrong.Themostcommonoutputdevicesaremonitor,matrixprinter,inkjetprinter,laserprinter,plotterfordrawing,speaker,etc.Theyalsoworkinsimilarways.TheydecodethecodedsymbolsproducedbyCPUintoformsofinformationthatusersunderstandoruseeasilyandshowthem.輸出設備在計算機系統(tǒng)中也扮演著重要的角色，它們能告訴用戶處理的結果，警告用戶程序或操作在哪里出錯了。最常見的輸出設備有顯示器、點陣打印機、噴墨打印機、激光打印機、繪圖儀和擴音器等。它們也以相似的方式工作：把CPU產(chǎn)生的編碼形式的信號解碼，變成人們易懂和易用的形式并顯示出來。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether計算機專業(yè)英語它們?nèi)绾螀f(xié)同工作Firstly,youprovideinputwhenyouturnonthecomputer.ThenthesystemsoftwaretellstheCPUtostartupcertainprogramsandtoturnonsomehardwaredevicessothattheyarereadyformoreinputfromyou.Thiswholeprocessiscalledbootingup.首先，開機就是提供一個輸入信號。然后，系統(tǒng)軟件會告訴CPU去運行某個程序并啟動一些硬件，以使系統(tǒng)準備接收用戶輸入的信息。這整個過程稱為系統(tǒng)引導。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether計算機專業(yè)英語它們?nèi)绾螀f(xié)同工作Thenextstephappenswhenyouchooseaprogramyouwanttouse.Youclickontheiconorenteracommandtostarttheprogram.Let’susetheexampleofanInternetbrowser.Oncetheprogramhasstarted,itisreadyforyourinstructions.Youeitherenteranaddress(calledaURL,whichstandsforUniformResourceLocator),orclickonanaddressyou’vesavedalready.Ineithercase,thecomputernowknowswhatyouwantittodo.接下來的一步是選擇想要運行的程序，單擊應用程序的圖標或輸入一個命令都可啟動程序。以瀏覽器為例，一旦程序啟動，就可以接受指令了。你既可以輸入一個地址（即URL，統(tǒng)一資源定位），也可單擊收藏夾里的網(wǎng)址。不論哪一種，計算機都知道你讓它做什么了。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether計算機專業(yè)英語它們?nèi)绾螀f(xié)同工作Thebrowsersoftwarethengoesouttofindthataddress,startingupotherhardwaredevices,suchasamodem,whenitneedsthem.Ifitisabletofindthecorrectaddress,thebrowserwillthentellyourcomputertosendtheinformationfromthewebpageoverthephonewireorcabletoyourcomputer.Eventually,youseethewebsiteyouwerelookingfor.瀏覽器會自動搜索地址，如果需要的話，它可以啟動其他的硬件，如調(diào)制解調(diào)器。若能找到正確的網(wǎng)絡地址，計算機會通過電話線或電纜將網(wǎng)頁上的信息在瀏覽器中顯示出來。最后，你就能看到所搜索的網(wǎng)站了。MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowTheyWorkTogether計算機專業(yè)英語它們?nèi)绾螀f(xié)同工作Ifyoudecideyouwanttoprintthepage,youclickontheprintericon.Again,youhaveprovidedinputtotellthecomputerwhattodo.Thebrowsersoftwaredetermineswhetheryouhaveaprinterattachedtoyourcomputer,andwhetheritisturnedon.Itmayremindyoutoturnontheprinter,thensendtheinformationaboutthewebpagefromyourcomputeroverthecabletotheprinter,whereitisprintedout.若要打印當前頁，只需單擊打印圖標。這樣，也就再一次提供了一個告訴計算機做什么的輸入。瀏覽器會檢測計算機是否連有打印機，并檢測打印機是否已打開。計算機也許會提醒你打開打印機，然后通過電纜把網(wǎng)頁上的信息傳遞給打印機，于是這些內(nèi)容就打印出來了。感謝觀看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching計算機專業(yè)英語術語簡介計算機專業(yè)英語chapteroneHardwareConceptsMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?術語簡介計算機專業(yè)英語術語簡介1．VGA：VideoGraphicsArray，視頻圖形陣列，是1987年由IBM公司推出的一種圖形顯示技術，事實上已經(jīng)成了業(yè)內(nèi)標準。2．SerialPort：串行口，主要用于連接鼠標、調(diào)制解調(diào)器、終端等低速通信設備。3．ParallelPort：并行口，主要用于連接打印機、掃描儀等高速通信設備。4．KB：Kilo-+Byte，表示1024個字節(jié)。類似的希臘語前綴還有Mega-(106)、Giga-(109)、Tera-（1012），與Byte組詞后一般分別縮寫為KB、MB、GB、TB。5．ROM：ReadOnlyMemory，只讀存儲器，用以存儲BIOS等信息，用戶不能隨意修改。6．RAM：RandomAccessMemory，隨機存取存儲器，人們通常所說的內(nèi)存就是指RAM。感謝觀看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching計算機專業(yè)英語閱讀材料ReadingMaterial計算機專業(yè)英語chaptertwoComputerSystemMaintenanceMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowComputerVirusesWork計算機專業(yè)英語Acomputervirus—anunwantedprogramthathasenteredyoursystemwithoutyouknowingaboutit—hasinfectorandthedetonator.Theyhavetwoverydifferentjobs.Oneofthefeaturesofacomputervirusthatseparateditfromotherkindsofcomputerprogramisthatitreplicatesitself,sothatitcanspread(fromcomputertocomputer,ornetworks)toothercomputers.Aftertheinfectorhascopiedtheviruselsewhere,thedetonatorperformsthevirus’smainwork.Generally,thatworkiseitherdamagingdataonyourdisks,alteringwhatyouseeonyourcomputerdisplay,ordoingsomethingelsethatinterfereswiththenormaluseofyourcomputer.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowComputerVirusesWork計算機專業(yè)英語Don’tworrytoomuchaboutviruses.Youmayneverseeone.Therearejustafewwaystobecomeinfectedthatyoushouldbeawareof.Thesourcesseemtobeservicepeople,piratedgames,puttingfloppiesinpubliclyavailablePCswithoutwrite-protecttabs,commercialsoftware(rarely),andsoftwaredistributedovercomputerbulletinboardsystems(alsoquiterarely,despitemediamisinformation).Manyviruseshavespreadthroughpirated-illegallycopiedorbroken-games.Thisiseasyavoided.Payforyourgames,fairandsquare.IfyouuseasharedPCoraPCthathaspublicaccess,suchasoneinacollegePClaboralibrary,beverycarefulaboutputtingfloppiesintothatPC’sdrives,carryavirus-checkingprogramandscanthePCbeforelettingitwritedataontofloppies.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?HowComputerVirusesWork計算機專業(yè)英語Despitethelowincidenceofactualviruses,itcan’thurttorunaviruscheckingprogramnowandthen.Thereareactuallytwokindsofantivirusprograms:virusesshieldsandvirusscanners.Virusesaresomethingtoworryabout,butnotalot.Alittlecommonsenseandtheoccasionalvirusscanwillkeepyouvirus-free.Rememberthesefourpoints:Virusescan’tinfectadataoratextfile.Beforerunninganantivirusprogram,besuretocold-bootfromawrite-protectedfloppy.Don’tbootfromfloppiesexceptreliableDOSdisksoryouroriginalproductiondisks.Stayawayfrompiratedsoftware.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?FutureMemories計算機專業(yè)英語Chipmakersaresearchingforcheap,fast,“universal”memoriestoreplaceDRAM,SRAMandflash.For40years,systemdesignerhaveseenmemorydensitiesdoubleevery18～24monthswhilememorychippriceshaveremainedessentiallyflat,cuttingthecostperbitinhalfeachtime.Asthetechnicalchallengesofbuildingever-smallermemorycellsinsiliconhaveincreased,however,somememorymanufacturershavepredictedthatthecostcurvewillstarttoswingtheotherwaybeforetheendofthedecade.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?FutureMemories計算機專業(yè)英語Researchersareworkingonseveralalternatetechnologiesthatcouldeventuallyreplacethoseinthethreememorytypescommonlyusedtoday:Low-costdynamicRAM(DRAM),usedinPCsandservers;faststaticRAM(SRAM),usedforprocessorcachesandmobiledevices;andnonvolatileflashmemory,usedineverythingfromcomputerBIOSstocellphones.ResearchersatIBM,IntelCorp.andothercompaniesenvisionthedevelopmentofauniversalmemorytechnologythatcouldsomedayreplaceallthree.Auniversalmemorytechnologycouldchangehowcomputersaredesigned.Forexample,nonvolatileRAMcouldallowcomputerstobootupandpowerdowninstantlybecausestoredinformationwouldn’tbelostwhenpowerwasdown.Buttheemergenceofauniversalmemorytechnologyisprobablyatleast10～15yearsaway.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?FutureMemories計算機專業(yè)英語Othersarguethatauniversalmemoryisn’tpossiblebecauseonememorytypecan’tsatisfyallneeds.Forexample,nothingcouldbethefastestandcheapestatthesametime.Mostresearchtodayisfocusedonaddressingthelimitationsofonememorytechnologyatatime,suchasflash.Butsomeattributesoftoday’stechnologieswillbehardtobeat.MosttechnologieswillprobablynotbeabletocompeteonlowestcostperbitagainstDRAMorwiththefastestSRAM.Sotheywillfallintothatspaceinbetween.FerroelectricRAM(FRAM)andmagnetoresistiveRAM(MRAM)arethebest-fundedandmost-evolvedoftheemergingmemorytechnologies.FRAMisanonvolatileRAMthatwasdevelopedbyRamtronInternationalCorp.inColoradoSprings.MissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhang:AcomputerconsumerwhoknowslittleaboutcomputerLi:CanIhelpyou,Sir?Zhang:Yes.I’dliketobuyacomputer,butIknowlittleaboutit.Li:Doyoulikeabrandmachineoracompatiblemachine?FutureMemories計算機專業(yè)英語It’slicensedbyTexasInstrumentsIncandothers.Morethan30millionproductshavealreadyshippedusingFRAM,includingmetering,radiofrequencyidentificationandsmart-carddevices.FRAM,whichisbasedonnanoscale“quantumdots”，useslesspowerandwritesfasterthanDRAMorflash,andithasalonglifespan.Butthetechnologyremains20～50timesmoreexpensiveperbitthanDRAM,andchipdensityisfarlower.Ramtronisprototyping1Mbitpartstodayandhopestopushthetechnologyto4Mbitor8Mbitin2006.UntilMRAMisreadyforthemarket,however,FRAMistheonlygameintownfornonvolatileDRAM.感謝觀看Ｔｈhankyouforwatching計算機專業(yè)英語練習Exercises計算機專業(yè)英語chaptertwo

ComputerSystemMaintenanceMissLi:AsalesgirlinComputerTownMr.Zhan