2021屆高考英語復(fù)習(xí)之真題閱讀詞塊與閱讀練習(xí)（五十三）含答案詳解

2021高考英語復(fù)習(xí)之真題閱讀詞塊與閱讀練習(xí)（五十三）

2019北京卷（D篇）

目錄內(nèi)容

第一部分高考真題試做

第二部分真題詞塊解析

第三部分模擬題訓(xùn)練

一：真題試做

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanks

toawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生才勿）called

phytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreate

colourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthe

typeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktonin

someareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intothe

oceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,an

importantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerableto

theocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffect

phytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimate

modelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,

itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthat

currentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,such

asthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareas

willturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"she

said,”butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."

Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegin

todisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,"itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeableto

survive.HThosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.

Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoo

gradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges."It'llbeawhilebeforewe

canstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,nDutkiewicz

said,”butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwe

reallyhavechangedourplanet.H

42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerableHinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz^modelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

參考答案：BADC

二：詞塊梳理

1:warming

英美［Wofmol

n.加溫，升溫

v.（使）變暖，被加熱，暖和起來（warm的現(xiàn)在分詞）；（使）變得更友

好，變得更可愛

雙語例句

1.Application:warminghandbags,medicalproducts,commodityetc.

用途：制作暖手袋、醫(yī)療用品及日用品等.

2.Itiscosyfireonabitterlycoldwinternight,warmingtheheart.

友誼又如寒冷的冬夜中熾熱的火焰，溫暖了你的心靈.

3.Themilkiswarming（up）onthestove.

牛奶在爐子上熱著呢.

2：climate

英Jklamot］美［klamot］

n.氣候；氛圍；形勢

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：climates

雙語例句

1.Coffeewillnotgrowinacoldclimate.

咖啡不能生長在寒冷的氣候下.

2.Someplantswillnotseedinacoldclimate.

有些植物在寒冷的氣候條件下不能結(jié)果實.

3.Hotclimateandplentifulrainfallfavourthegrowthofplants.

炎熱的氣候和充足的雨水有助于植物生長.

3：phenomenon

英［fohomnon］美［fohcrmnon］

n.現(xiàn)象；杰出的人

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：phenomena

雙語例句

1.StudyMechanismresearchofthephenomenon,ofhydraulicshockinhydraulic

drivingreciprocatingpump.

對液壓驅(qū)動往復(fù)泵沖擊現(xiàn)象進行了機理研究.

2.ExpertssaytheElNinoisbecominganewphenomenoncalledtheLaNina.

據(jù)專家說，現(xiàn)在厄爾尼諾正轉(zhuǎn)變成一個新的現(xiàn)象,叫做拉尼娜.

3.Thisphenomenonhasbeenobservedexperimentally.

這一現(xiàn)象進行過實驗性觀察.

4：marine

英[maHn]美[mJri：n]

adj.海洋的；海產(chǎn)的；海軍的；海船的

n.海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊士兵

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：marines

雙語例句

l.AtwhichpointdidyougetintoaverbalaltercationwiththetwoMarine

captains?

在什么情況下你和兩個海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊上校發(fā)生了口角？

2.Pmamarineengineer.

我是船舶機械師.

3.TheleopardsealisoneoftheAntarcticfiercestmarinepredators.

豹海豹是北極最兇猛的海洋捕食者之一.

5：organism

英[6芍on匕om]美[bigon憶om]

n.有機體；生物體；微生物；有機體系，有機組織

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：organisms

雙語例句

1.Thesenounsdenotethephysicalorganismofapersonorananimal.

這些名詞都表示人或動物的身體組織.

2.Thecompletesetofgenesforanorganismiscalleditsgenome.

一個有機體的全套基因稱為它的基因組.

3.Theymustalwayspointfromanorganismtoitsconsumerandnottheopposite

direction.

它一定要由一只生物指向它的消費者而不能指向相反方向.

6：colourful

英［kMofl］美［kAlarfl］

adj.顏色鮮艷的；有趣的；粗魯?shù)?/p>

雙語例句

1.Natureismostcolourfulinautumn.

秋天，大自然的色彩最為豐富.

2.Herhopeistoleadacolourfullife.

她的愿望是過一種多姿多彩的生活.

3.Helaunchedoutintoacolourfuldescriptionofhisjourney.

他開始繪聲繪色地敘述他的旅行見聞.

7：pattern

英Jpaetn］美［*p田tarn］

n.模式；范例；圖案；模型；樣品

v.構(gòu)成圖案；使形成

變形

過去分詞：patterned

現(xiàn)在分詞：patterning

過去式：patterned

復(fù)數(shù)：patterns

第三人稱單數(shù)：patterns

雙語例句

l.Jointhebluewoolontotheendofthegoldpatternandworkthesamestitches

intotheback.

在這金色圖案邊緣織上藍毛線，在背面也用同樣的方法來織.

2.Thechecksaresmallinthispattern.

這圖案中的方格太小.

3.She'sapatternofallthevirtues.

她是一切美德的楷模.

8：concentration

英［konsnkre加］美［(ka：nsn品網(wǎng)

n.全神貫注；濃度；專注

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：concentrations

雙語例句

l.Thecomputingmethodsofrainfallinputandrunoffflowconcentrationingrid

elementsarediscusseddeeply.

深入探討了單元網(wǎng)格的降雨輸入和產(chǎn)匯流計算方法.

2.Distillerywastewaterwastypicalorganicwastewaterwithhighammonia

concentration.

釀酒廢水是一種典型的高氨氮濃度的有機廢水.

3.Hehasgreatpowersofconcentration.

他注意力很集中.

9：fuel

英方u創(chuàng)美曲u@］

n.燃料；刺激物

v.刺激；加劇；加燃料

變形

過去分詞：fuelled

現(xiàn)在分詞：fuelling

過去式：fuelled

復(fù)數(shù):fuels

第三人稱單數(shù)：fuels

雙語例句

l.Anewmethodoffuelinjectionwasdevelopedduringthewar.

一種新的注油方法在戰(zhàn)爭期間發(fā)展起來.

2.Thereisasevereshortageoffuel.

燃料嚴重短缺.

3.Wemusteconomizeonfuel.

我們必須節(jié)約燃料.

10：appearance

英［oborons］美［知也時

n.外表；（突然）到來，出現(xiàn)；問世；露面，演出，出庭；表現(xiàn)

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：appearances

雙語例句

1.Theyaresimilarinappearance.

他們在外貌上相似.

2.Shewasverytense,butshepreservedanappearanceofnonchalance.

她內(nèi)心很緊張，可外表卻裝著滿不在乎的樣子.

3.Processfbrtheirappearancehasbeendulyissued.

要他們出庭的傳票已及時發(fā)出.

11：regulate

英Jregjulet］美［kegju16fl

v.控制；調(diào)節(jié)；管理

變形

過去分詞：regulated

現(xiàn)在分詞：regulating

過去式：regulated

第三人稱單數(shù)：regulates

雙語例句

l.Thissystemcanregulatethetemperatureoftheroom.

這種系統(tǒng)能調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)溫度.

2.Wewillprotectlawfulincomes,regulateexcessivelyhighincomesandban

illegalgains.

保護合法收入，調(diào)節(jié)過高收入，取締非法收入.

3.Shiftingbarsareahazardtonavigationandexpensivetoregulate.

移動沙洲將危害通航，而且要花費資金進行整治.

12：trend

英［trend］美［trend］

n.趨勢，傾向；規(guī)范，風(fēng)尚

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：trends

雙語例句

1.Therewasabullishtrendinthemarket.

市場行情有上漲趨勢.

2.Theriseinviolentcrimeisadisturbingnewtrend.

暴力犯罪的上升是一種令人擔(dān)憂的新趨勢.

3.Thegeneraltrendunderheavenisthatthereisboundtobeunificationafter

prolongeddivisionanddivisionafterprolongedunification.

天下大勢，分久必合，合久必分.

13：nutrient

英［hju：triont］美［hulriont］

n.營養(yǎng)物，營養(yǎng)品，養(yǎng)分，養(yǎng)料；滋養(yǎng)物

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：nutrients

雙語例句

l.Mainsupplyflowerdiscmakesthenutrientthatupsidelaminamakesinthe

seedisformed.

中上部葉片制造的養(yǎng)分主要供給花盤促使種子形成.

2.Inmostwesterncountries,seriousnutrientdeficienciesarerare.

在大多數(shù)西方國家，嚴重的營養(yǎng)不良很少見.

3.Biomassandnutrientaccumulationofpoplarplantationonbeachlandin

YangtseRiverinAnhuiprovince.

與安徽長江灘地楊樹人工林生物量和養(yǎng)分積累>>相似的文獻.

14：multiple

英JmAltpl］美［〔mAltpl］

adj.多重的；多個的；復(fù)雜的；多功能的

n.倍數(shù)；［電工學(xué)］并聯(lián)；連鎖商店；下有多個分社的旅行社

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：multiples

雙語例句

1.Multipleservicemanagementplansmaybeusedinplaceofonelargeplanor

programme.

多服務(wù)管理計劃或許可以被用在大型計劃或者編程的場合.

2.Amultiplecrashcanoftenbeseenonthatmotorway.

那條公路上的聯(lián)環(huán)撞車事故很多.

3.Andthereisnosimplesingleormultiplefactorexplanationofdomesticor

internationalbusinessfluctuations.

有沒有一個簡單的單個或多個因素的解釋是國內(nèi)的還是國際商業(yè)波動的影

響.

15:survive

英［sJvaM］美［soJvaw］

v.生存，存活；幸存；艱難度過；比…活得久

變形

過去分詞：survived

現(xiàn)在分詞：surviving

過去式：survived

第三人稱單數(shù)：survives

雙語例句

l.Didanyonesurvivetheexplosion?

那次爆炸事故中有人幸免嗎？

2.Someturnedtoprostitutioninordertosurvive.

有些人為了生存而開始賣身.

3.Someinfantileactionssurviveintoadulthood.

某些嬰兒期的行為一直保持到成年期.

三：閱讀訓(xùn)練

Thereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.On

anindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofourculture.Itbecomesapartof

whoweare.Manyassociatefoodfromourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgood

memoriesandittiesustoourfamily,holdingaspecialandpersonalvalueforus.

Foodfromourfamilyoftenbecomesthecomfortfoodweseekasadultsintimesof

frustrationandstress.

Onalargescale,traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture.Italsooperates

asanexpressionofcultureidentity.Immigrantsbringitwherevertheygo,anditisa

symbolofpridefortheircultureandmeansofcopingwithhomesickness.

Manyimmigrantsopentheirownrestaurantsandservetraditionaldishes.

However,thefooddoesnotremainexactlythesame.Somematerialsneededtomake

traditionaldishesmaynotbereadilyavailable,sothetasteandflavorcanbedifferent

fromwhattheywouldprepareintheirhomecountries.Additionally,immigrantsdo

notonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountriesasthem,buttopeoplefrom

differentcountries.Therefore,theyhavetomakesmallchangesabouttheoriginal

dishestocatertoawiderrangeofcustomers.Thosechangescancreatenewflavors

thatstillkeeptheculturalsignificanceofthedishes.

Notonlyshouldweembraceourheritage（傳統(tǒng)）throughourculture'sfoodbut

alsobecomemoreinformedaboutotherculturesbytryingtheirfood.Itisimportant

torememberthateachdishhasaspecialplaceintheculturetowhichitbelongs,and

isspecialtothosewhoprepareit.Foodisawindowintoculture,anditshouldbe

treatedassuch.

1.What'sthefunctionoffoodmentionedinthearticle?

A.lbhelpmotivatehomesickness.

B.Toshownationalidentity.