新高考適用2023版高考英語二輪總復習第1部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解第4講主旨大意題

第一部分專題一第4講A(2022·山東省泰安市高三一模)Imaginethatonedayyouliveinahighlyimmersive(身臨其境)virtualworld.Youcangotoavirtualconcert,takeatriponline,vieworcreateartworksandtryonorbuydigitalclothing.AmidapandemiclikeCOVID-19,insteadofseeingteachersandclassmatesonavideocallscreen,youcouldjointheminavirtualclassroom.Thismayhelpyouunderstandtheconcept,metaverse.Thetermmetaversereferstoasharedvirtual3DworldinwhichpeoplecanaccessviatheInternet.Currently,mostvirtualspaceslookmoreliketheinsideofavideogamethanreallife.However,metaverse?smadethedigitalspacesmorerealisticbytheuseofvirtualreality(VR)oraugmentedreality(AR,增強現(xiàn)實).MetaversewasfirstusedinNealStephenson?snovelSnowCrashin1992.ThenovelisaboutHiro,apizzadeliverymanbydayandaVRsuperherobynightwholivesinanonlineuniversecalledTheMetaverse.“Heisinacomputer-generateduniversethathiscomputerisdrawingontohisglassesandpullingintohisearphones，”thenovelsaysofthecitythateveryonepopsintoinVR.Theidearingsinmanyotherworks,forexample,inReadyPlayerOnedirectedbyStevenSpielberg.Inrecentyears,metaversehasbecomethelatestpopularwordtocapturethetechindustry?simaginationsomuchthatoneofthebest-knownInternetplatformsisrenamedtoembracethefuturisticidea—FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergrecentlyannouncedthathechangedhiscompany?snametoMeta.Techcompaniesarealsodedicatedtoexploringmetaverse-relatedproducts.Facebookhaslaunchedmeetingsoftwareforcompanies,calledHorizonWorkrooms,tousewithVRheadsets.Theheadsetscost$300ormore,puttingthemetaverse?smostcutting-edge(尖端的)experiencesoutofreachformany.Foruserswhocanaffordit,theycanenterthevirtualworldscreatedbydifferentcompanies.FansofmetaverseseeitasthenextstageinthedevelopmentoftheInternet.So,doyouexpectthecomingofmetaverse?1．Whatcanbeinferredaboutmetaverse？________A．Itisavideogamelikereallife.B．Itisaparalleluniverseimaginedbyscientists.C．Itgivesusareallifeinavirtualworld.D．Itcanprotectyourselffromapandemic.2．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout？________A．ThefictionSnowCrash.B．Theoriginofmetaverse.C．AVRsuperhero.D．ThefilmReadyPlayerOne.3．WhydidFacebookCEOuseMetaashiscompany?sname？________A.Metaversehasbecomemorepopular.B．Helivesinavirtualworldeveryday.C．Facebookisthebest-knownInternetplatform.D．Hehasacceptedtheideaofmetaverse.4．WhatcanweknowfromthetextaboutVRheadsets？________A．Theyareverycheapformostofus.B．Theiruserscanexperienceavirtualworld.C．HorizonWorkroomdon?tneedthematall.D．TheywillbringusintothefinalstageoftheInternet.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了什么是虛擬空間(metaverse)、其產(chǎn)生的由來及運用。1．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AmidapandemiclikeCOVID-19,insteadofseeingteachersandclassmatesonavideocallscreen,youcouldjointheminavirtualclassroom.Thismayhelpyouunderstandtheconcept,metaverse.(在像COVID-19這樣的大流行中，你可以在虛擬教室中與他們一起，而不是在視頻通話屏幕上看到老師和同學。這可能會幫助你理解“虛擬空間”這個概念。)”可知，虛擬空間能與視頻通話一樣，同樣保護自己免受流行病的侵害。故選D。2．B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“MetaversewasfirstusedinNealStephenson?snovelSnowCrashin1992.(虛擬空間在1992年NealStephenson的小說《雪災》中首次使用。)”及本段內(nèi)容可知，第三段描述了虛擬空間的起源。故選B。3．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Inrecentyears,metaversehasbecomethelatestpopularwordtocapturethetechindustry?simaginationsomuchthatoneofthebest-knownInternetplatformsisrenamedtoembracethefuturisticidea—FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergrecentlyannouncedthathechangedhiscompany?snametoMeta.(近年來，虛擬空間已經(jīng)成為吸引科技行業(yè)想象力的最新流行詞匯，以至于最知名的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺之一被重新命名——Facebook首席執(zhí)行官馬克·扎克伯格最近宣布，他將公司的名字改為Meta——以接受未來主義的想法。)”可知，F(xiàn)acebook首席執(zhí)行官使用Meta作為其公司名字是因為他接受了虛擬空間以接受未來主義的想法。故選D。4．B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theheadsetscost$300ormore,puttingthemetaverse?smostcutting-edge(尖端的)experiencesoutofreachformany.Foruserswhocanaffordit,theycanenterthevirtualworldscreatedbydifferentcompanies.(這款耳機的價格為300美元或更多，讓很多人無法獲得超時空最先進的體驗。對于有錢的用戶來說，他們可以進入由不同公司創(chuàng)建的虛擬世界。)”可知，VR耳機用戶可以體驗虛擬世界。故選B。B(2022·遼寧省縣級重點高中協(xié)作體高三4月二模)Insomeways,learningtoprogrammeacomputerissimilartolearninganewlanguage.Itrequireslearningnewsymbolsandterms,whichmustbeorganizedcorrectlytoinstructthecomputerwhattodo.Thecomputercodemustalsobeclearenoughthatotherprogrammerscanreadandunderstandit.Inspiteofthosesimilarities,MITneuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學家)havefoundthatreadingcomputercodedoesn?tactivatetheregionsofthebrainthatareinvolvedinlanguageprocessing.Instead,itactivatesadistributednetworkcalledthemultipledemandnetwork,whichisalsorelatedtocomplextaskssuchassolvingmathsproblemsorcrosswordpuzzles.Althoughreadingcomputercodeactivatesthemultipledemandnetwork,itappearstorelymoreondifferentpartsofthenetworkthanmathsorlogicproblemsdo.“Understandingcomputercodeseemstobeitsownthing.Itisn?tthesameaslanguage,anditisn?tthesameasmathsandlogic，”saysAnnaIvanova,anMITgraduatestudentandtheleadauthorofthestudy.EvelinaFedorenkoistheseniorauthorofthepaper,whichappearstodayineLife.Amajorfocusofherresearchistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandothercognitive(認知)functions.Inparticular,shehasbeenstudyingthequestionofwhetherotherfunctionsrelyonthebrain?slanguagenetwork,whichincludesBroca?sareaandotherregionsinthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrain.Inpreviouswork,herlabhasshownthatmusicandmathsdon?tappeartoactivatethislanguagenetwork.Therearetwoschoolsofthoughtregardinghowthebrainlearnstocode,shesays.Oneholdsthatinordertobegoodatprogramming,youmustbegoodatmaths.Theothersuggeststhatbecauseoftheparallelsbetweencodingandlanguage,languageskillsmightbemorerelevant.Toclarifythisissue,theresearcherssetouttostudywhetherbrainactivitypatternswhilereadingcomputercodewouldoverlap(重疊)withlanguage-relatedbrainactivity.5．What?sParagraph1mainlyabout？________A．Thecomputermustbeinstructedwhattodo.B．Programmingrequiresnewsymbolsandterms.C．Thecomputercodemustbeclearandunderstandable.D．Therearesimilaritiesbetweenprogrammingandlanguagelearning.6．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean？________A．Readingcomputercodeisdifferentfromothercognitivetasks.B．Learninglanguagesisdifferentfromlearningmathsorlogic.C．Language,mathsandlogicarerelativelyeasiertolearn.D．Readingcomputercodeismorechallenging.7．Whatmighttheresearchersdonext？________A.Setuptwoschoolstostudyhowthebrainlearnstocode.B．Researchdeeperintotheparallelsbetweencodingandlanguage.C．Figureouttherelationshipbetweenprogrammingandlearningmaths.D．Compareactivitypatternsofreadingcodewiththoseoflearninglanguage.8．Whatfieldcantheresearchfindingsbeappliedto？________A．Health. B．Commerce.C．Education. D．Medicine.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要談論了電腦編程和語言學習之間的異同，以及語言學習所涉及的大腦思維過程。5．D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Insomeways,learningtoprogrammeacomputerissimilartolearninganewlanguage.Itrequireslearningnewsymbolsandterms,whichmustbeorganizedcorrectlytoinstructthecomputerwhattodo.Thecomputercodemustalsobeclearenoughthatotherprogrammerscanreadandunderstandit.(在某些方面，學習計算機編程類似于學習一門新語言。它需要學習新的符號和術語，這些符號和術語必須正確地組織起來，以指導計算機做什么。計算機代碼也必須足夠清晰，以便其他程序員能夠閱讀和理解。)”可知，第一段主要是談論電腦編程和語言學習之間的相似性。故選D。6．A詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段該畫線部分句子后面的“?Itisn?tthesameaslanguage,anditisn?tthesameasmathsandlogic，?saysAnnaIvanova,anMITgraduatestudentandtheleadauthorofthestudy.(“它與語言不同，也與數(shù)學和邏輯不同，”麻省理工學院研究生、該研究的主要作者安娜·伊萬諾娃說。)”可知，讀計算機編碼是有別于其他認知性任務的。故選A。7．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Toclarifythisissue,theresearcherssetouttostudywhetherbrainactivitypatternswhilereadingcomputercodewouldoverlap(重疊)withlanguage-relatedbrainactivity.(為了澄清這個問題，研究人員開始研究閱讀計算機代碼時的大腦活動模式是否會與語言相關的大腦活動重疊。)”可知，下一步研究人員將會把讀計算機編碼的活動模式和語言學習的活動模式放在一起進行比較。故選D。8．C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要談論了電腦編程和語言學習之間的異同，以及語言學習所涉及的大腦思維過程。跟電腦編程和語言學習有關的發(fā)現(xiàn)當然適用于教育領域。故選C。C(2022·重慶市名校聯(lián)盟高三下學期第一次聯(lián)合考試)ItwasthisverymorningthatGarroneletusknowwhatheislike.Themasterhadnotyetarrived,andthreeorfourboyswerebullyingCrossi,theonewiththeredhairwhohasadeadarmandwhosemothersellsvegetables.Theywerehittinghiminthefacewithchestnutshells.Andhe,aloneontheendofthebench,becamequitepale,beggingthattheyleavehiminpeace.Allatonce,Frantispranguponabench.Pretendingthathewascarryingabasketoneacharm,heapedthemotherofCrossiwhensheusedtocometowaitforhersonatdoor.ManybegantolaughloudlyandCrossiwastremblingandturningredwithanger.SuddenlyCrossiseizedaninkstandandthrewitattheother?sheadwithallhisstrength,butFrantimovedaside,andtheinkstandstruckthemasterwhoenteredatthemoment,fullinthebreast.Allflewtotheirplacesandbecamesilentwithterror.Themaster,quitepale,wenttohistable,andsaidinacontrolledvoice：“Whodidit？”Noonereplied.Themastercriedoutoncemore,raisinghisvoicestilllouder,“Whoisit？”ThenGarrone,movedtopityforpoorCrossi,rosesharplyandsaidresolutely,“ItwasI．”Themasterlookedathim,lookedattheconfusedscholars,thensaidinacalmvoice,“Itwasnotyou.”Andafteramoment.“Theculpritshallnotbepunished.Lethimrise！”Crossiroseandsaid,weeping“Theywerestrikingmeandinsultingme,andIlostmyheadandthrewit.”“Sitdown，”saidthemaster.“Letthosewhoprovokedhimrise.”Fourroseandhungtheirheads.“You，”saidthemaster,“haveinsultedanunfortunatecompanion;youhavestruckaweakpersonwhocouldnotdefendhimself.Youhavecommittedoneofthemostshamefulacts！”ThenhewentovertoGarroneandlookedathimstraightintheeye,andsaidtohim,“Youareanoblesoul.”Garroneprofitedbytheoccasiontomurmursomewords,Iknownotwhat,intheearofthemaster;andhe,turningtowardsthefourboys,saidabruptly,“Iforgiveyou.”9．WhatfinallyprovokedCrossitothrowaninkstand？________A．FrantimadefunofCrossi?smotherwalkingwithadeadarm.B．FrantiimitatedthewayCrossi?smothercarriedherbasket.C．TheboyshitCrossiinthefacehardwithchestnutshells.D．TheboyspulledCrossiuponabenchandlaughedathimloudly.10．Theunderlinedword“culprit”probablymeans________.A．a(chǎn)dvocate B．leaderC．captain D．offender11．ThemasterpraisedGarroneasanoblesoulbecause________.A．hedaredtospeakhismindB．heforgavethefourbulliesC．hetooktheblameforCrossiD．hebroughtbadguystojustice12．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage？________A．AGenerousDeedB．ADomesticIncidentC．MakingtheRightChoiceD．ToBelieveorNottoBelieve【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Franti因為模仿Crossi媽媽提籃子的樣子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一個墨水瓶，卻打到了老師身上。Garrone因為同情Crossi主動站出來承認，而被老師稱為高尚的人。9．B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Pretendingthathewascarryingabasketoneacharm,heapedthemotherofCrossiwhensheusedtocometowaitforhersonatdoor.ManybegantolaughloudlyandCrossiwastremblingandturningredwithanger.(他假裝每只胳膊上都挎著一個籃子，模仿Crossi的母親到門口等兒子的樣子。許多人開始大聲笑起來，Crossi氣得渾身發(fā)抖，臉都紅了。)”以及第四段“SuddenlyCrossiseizedaninkstandandthrewitattheother?sheadwithallhisstrength,butFrantimovedaside,andtheinkstandstruckthemasterwhoenteredatthemoment,fullinthebreast.(突然，Crossi抓起一個墨水瓶，用盡全身力氣朝另一個人的頭扔去，但Franti躲開了，墨水瓶正好打在這時進來的老師的胸膛上。)”可知Franti模仿Crossi媽媽提籃子的樣子最終促使Crossi扔了一個墨水瓶。故選B。10．D詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五段“Crossiroseandsaid,weeping?Theywerestrikingmeandinsultingme,andIlostmyheadandthrewit.?(Crossi站起來，哭著說：“他們打我，侮辱我，我失去了理智，把它扔了出去?！?”可知，Crossi站了起來，承認是自己扔的瓶子，可見老師是說讓犯事的人主動站出來承認錯誤，不會受到懲罰。故畫線詞意思是“冒犯者”。故選D。11．C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第八段“ThenGarrone,movedtopityforpoorCrossi,rosesharplyandsaidresolutely，?ItwasI．?(然后，Garrone對可憐的Crossi產(chǎn)生了憐憫之情，他突然站起來，堅定地說：“是我?！?”可知，老師稱贊Garrone是一個高尚的人，因為他為Crossi承擔了責任。故選C。12．A標題歸納題。文章主要講述了Franti因為模仿Crossi媽媽提籃子的樣子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一個墨水瓶，卻打到了老師身上。Garrone因為同情Crossi主動站出來承認，而被老師稱為高尚的人。可知，A選項“一次慷慨的行為”最符合文章標題。故選A。D(2022·廣東省梅州市高三一模)AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer?sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam?snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.Alzheimer?sdiseaseisatypeofbraindisorderthatcausesproblemswithmemory,thinkingandbehavior.Thisisagraduallyprogressivecondition.Thehippocampus,partofthebraininvolvedinmemory,isoneofthefirstregionstosustaindamage.Tobetterunderstandwhichgenescontributetotheprogressionofthisheritabledisease,theresearchersidentifiedgenesexpressedathigherorlowerlevelsinthehippocampusofpeoplewithAlzheimer?sdiseasecomparedtohealthybrains.Theyidentified24Alzheimer?s-relatedgenesthatappeartohaveaneffectthroughthehippocampus,usingpreviousgenomicandhippocampusgeneexpressiondata.Manygeneswerealreadyknowntocontributetothedisease,suchasAPOE,buttwowereunknown,PTPN9andPCDHA4.Additionally,severalareinvolvedinbiologicalprocessrelatedtoAlzheimer?sdisease,suchascelldeath.Theresearchteamfurthervalidatedtheirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals?brains.InAlzheimer?sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer?sdisease.Overall,thenewfindingsimproveourunderstandingofthegeneticandcellularmechanismsthatcauseAlzheimer?sdisease.Thenextstepwillbetoinvestigatetherolesofthetwonovelgenesandhowtheycontributetothisharmfuldisease.13．HowdidtheresearchteamfindthetwogenesrelatedtoAlzheimer?sdisease？________A．Byclosingthehippocampusofpeople.B．Byexploringtheswitchstateofthegenes.C．Byturningonandoffthegenesofthepatient.D．Bydiscoveringgenesinthehippocampusofpeople.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”meaninParagraph3？________A．Reported. B．Conducted.C．Confirmed. D．Exposed.15．WhatcanweinferaboutthesizeofthehippocampusinAlzheimer?sdisease？________A．Itcomesinasmallersize.B．Thereisnowaytomeasureitssize.C．Itresultsindamageandlossofneurons.D．IthelpstoidentifyAlzheimer?sdisease.16．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage？________A．ItisvitaltocontinuethestudyofAlzheimer?sdisease.B．ThecauseofAlzheimer?sdiseasehasbeenfound.C．TheAlzheimer?sdiseasewillbecuredsoonbytheresearchteam.D．TwonovelgeneslikelylinkedtoAlzheimer?sdiseasehavebeendiscovered.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個可能與阿爾茨海默病有關的新基因，介紹了他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩個基因的方式、什么是阿爾茨海默病以及這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要意義。13．B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhi