大學生英語四級真題-10(2021年-2022年)

2016年12月大學英語四級考試真題試卷一（完整版）PartI Writing(25minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內完成該部分，之后將進行聽力考試)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。PartII(30minutes)PartII(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Itwasdangeroustolivein.Itwasgoingtoberenovated.Hecouldnolongerpaytherent.Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.A)Astrike.Astorm.Aforestfire.Aterroristattack.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.A)Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.Theyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandwater.Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Raisepostagerates.Improveitsservices.Redesigndeliveryroutes.Closesomeofitspostoffices.A)Shorteningbusinesshours.Closingofficesonholidays.StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.Computerizingmallsortingprocesses.A)Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.Alotofcontroversywillarise.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron4〃swerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.Hewillgothroughretraining.Hewillbegivenawarning.Hewilllosepartofhispay.A)Heisalwaysontime.Heisatrustworthyguy.Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.A)Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.A)Heisskilledandexperienced.Heisveryclosetothemanager.Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Open.Friendly.Selfish.Reserved.A)Theystayquiet.Theyreadabook.Theytalkabouttheweather.Theychatwithfellowpassengers.A)Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague'shome.Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.A)Housesaremuchmorequiet.Housesprovidemoreprivacy.Theywanttohavemorespace.Theywantagardenoftheirown.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron4〃swerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theydon'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.Theydon'thavetogothroughjobinterviews.Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.A)Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.Lookatschoolbulletinboards.Visittheschoolcareersservice.Gothroughcampusnewspapers.A)Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Ittastesbetter.Itiseasiertogrow.Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.A)Itishealthierthangreentea.Itcangrowindriersoil.Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.A)Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.Ithasmadeteafarmers'lifeeasier.Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.A)Theywereproudoftheircreations.Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.A)Makewisechoices.Identifyfakecrafts.Designhandicraftsthemselves.Learntheimportanceofcreation.A)Toboostthelocaleconomy.Toattractforeigninvestments.Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.Topreservethetraditionalculture.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon4〃swerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'soceansnow(26) heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto(27) tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea(28) .Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto(29) .Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter(30) ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury(31) ofBritishnavalshipstomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,(32) withcomputersimulations(計算機模擬),createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel(33) .About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata(34) ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysaythey're(35) whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea'ssurface.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A.AbsorbB.CombinedC.ContributeD.depthE.emissionsF.ExcursionG.exploreH.floorI.heightsJ.indifferentK.LevelsL.mixedM.pictureN.unsureO.voyageSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CanBurglarsJamYourWirelessSecuritySystem?Anyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefulexamination．Soitisn’tsurprisingthatyou’11findplentyofstrongopinionsaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome—securitysystems．B)Themostlikelytypeofburglary(人室盜竊)byfaristheunsophisticatedcrimeofopportunity，usuallyinvolvingabrokenwindoworsomeforcedentry．AccordingtotheFB1．crimesliketheseaccountedforroughlytwo．thirdsofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin2013．Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal．unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen．TheoddsofacriminalusingtechnicalmeanstobypassasecuritysystemaresosmallthattheFBIdoesn’teventrackthosestatistics．Oneofthemaintheoreticalhome—securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether．Withwiredsetups,thefearisthataburglar(人室盜賊)mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplybycuttingtherightcable．Withawirelesssetup．youstickbattery—poweredsensorsuparoundyourhomethatkeepaneyeonwindows。doors,motion，andmore．Iftheydetectsomethingwrongwhilethesystemisarmed．they’lltransmitawirelessaleftsignaltoabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm．Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord—cuttingconcerns--butwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent，jamming?withthefightdevicetunedtothefightfrequency，what’stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?Jammingconcernsarenothingnew，andthey’renotuniquetosecuritysystems．Anydevicethat’sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificfrequencycanbeoverwhelmedbyastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency．Forcomparison．1et’ssayyouwantedto“jam”aconversationbetweentwopeople--allyou’dneedtodoisyellinthelistener’sear．Securitydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcaston—matmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogling．Theywill．however．needtoknowwhatsystemthey’relookingfor．Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse，that’dpointthemintherightdirection，thoughatthatpoint，we’retalkingaboutahighlytargeted，semi—sophisticatedattack，andnotthesortofforced—entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries．It’seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentforsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers．F)Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks．SimpliSafe，winnerofourEditors’Choicedistinction．utilizesaspecialsystemthat’scapableofseparatingincidentalRFinterferencefromtargetedjammingattacks．Whenthesystemthinksit’sbeingjammed，it’llnotifyyouviapushalert(推送警報).Fromthere,it'suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually．G)SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming,completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment．AftertakingappropriatemeasurestocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab，wetestedtheattackoutforourselves，andwereabletoverifythatit’spossiblewiththerightequipment．However．wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe’santi-jammingsystemworks．Itcaughtusintheact，sentanalerttomysmartphone，andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesystem’seventlog．Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem，orwhetherornotitdetectedthem．H)Weliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware．Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn’tbeabletoGooglehowthesystemworks．thenfigureoutawayaroundit．Eveniftheycould，SimpliSafeclaimsthatitssystemisalwaysevolving，andthatitvariesslightlyfromsystemtosystem，whichmeanstherewouldn’tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit．Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming．TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite，citingtheirownjamprotectionsoftwareandclaimingthattherearen’tanydocumentedcasesofasuccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthel980s．I)Jammingattacksareabsolutelypossible．Assaidbefore．withthefightequipmentandtherightknow—how，it’spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission．Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirwayintoyourhomeandstealyourstuff?J)Let’simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti—jammingsystem．First，athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome，specifically．Then，he’sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup．Presumably，youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou’reaway，sothethiefwillstillneedtobreakin．Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow，orbreakingawindow．He’11needtobejammingyouatthispoint，asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm．S0，too，wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome，sothethiefwillneedtocontinuejammingoncehe’sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal．However．he’11needtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem，thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnothaveaccessto．K)Attheendoftheday，thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash—and—grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries．They’realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany—sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome，onethatincludescommonsensethingslikesoundlocksandproperexteriorlightingatnight．Nosystemisimpenetrable，andnonecanpromisetoeliminatetheworstcasecompletely．Everyoneofthemhasvulnerabilitiesthataknowledgeablethiefcouldtheoreticallyexploit．Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst—casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-extraordinaryattack．注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。36．Itispossibleforburglarstomakejammingattackswiththenecessaryequipmentandskill．37．Interferingwithawirelesssecuritysystemissimilartointerferingwithaconversation．38．Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm，bothinsideandoutsidethehouse．39．SimpliSafeprovidesdevicesthatareabletodistinguishincidentalradiointerferencefromtargetedjammingattacks．40．Onlyaverysmallproportionofburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans．41．ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging．42．Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected．43．Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone’shomefromburglaryinadditiontothewirelesssecuritysystem．44．SimpliSafe’sdevicecansendawarningtothehouseowner’scellphone．45．Burglarscaneasilygetasecuritydevice’sfrequencybyInternetsearch．SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."Twoandahaftcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches--includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes--willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholand.tobacco?A)Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.Theywereinever-increasingdemand.Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under16--lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence."Especiallygirlsandteens,"saysRecord."Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines."That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia(厭食癥)resultsinmoredeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth.It'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Professionalfashionmodelsareparticularlyvulnerabletoeatingdisordersresu