2013年度全國職稱英語等級考試?yán)砉ゎ?C級)試題及參考答案

2013年度全國職稱英語等級考試?yán)砉ゎ悾–級）試題及參考答案職稱英語考試歷年真題匯總>>/zZnTL（復(fù)制鏈接，點(diǎn)擊“打開鏈接”即可訪問）更多精品備考資料在職稱英語考試交流群：151033695第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1.Itseemedincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.A.rightB.obviousC.unclearD.unbelievable2.Wefoundshelterfromtherainunderthetrees.A.defenseB.protectionCstandingD.room3.Theframeneedstobestrongenoughtosupporttheengine.A.structureB.bottomC.SurfaceD.top4.Theoddthingwasthathedidn’trecognizeme.A.realB.wholeC.sameD.strange5.Thatperformancewasprettyimpressive.A.completelyB.veryC.BeautifullyD.equally6.Itriedtodetachmyselffromtherealityoftheseterribleevents.A.bringB.separateC.putD.set7.Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.A.atB.withC.fromD.about8.Igrabbedhisarmandmadehimturntolookatme.A.throwB.seizedC.brokeD.stretched9.Hewastemptedbythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.A.taughtB.attractedC.keptD.changed10.Thiswasanunexceptionallybrutalattack.A.cruelB.openC.suddenD.direct11.“Thereisnootherchoice.”Shesaidinaharshvoice.A.firmB.softC.deepD.unkind12.Shecameacrossthreechildrensleepingunderabridge.A.passedbyB.tookanoticeofC.wokeupD.foundbychance13.Trafficreachesitsrushhourbetween8:00and9:00inthemorning.A.borderB.goalC.levelD.peak14.Wehavetochangethepublic’sperceptionthatmoneyiseverything.A.sightB.beliefC.interestD.pressure15.Shegetsaggressivewhensheisdrunk.A.worriedB.sleepyC.offensiveD.anxious參考答案:1.D2.B3.A4.D5.B6.B7.D8.B9.B10.A11.C12.D13.D14.B15.C第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。WideWorldofRobotsEngineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker(修補(bǔ))withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices.“They’rethebesttoysoutthere,”saysHowleChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset’slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars:roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist(扭曲)inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain(地形).“Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,”Chosetconcluded.AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset’steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsalsomovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon’t,suchasrolling.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldcrawl(爬行)throughthegrass,swiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient’schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandtheytestedtherobotinpigs.AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologytosurgeriesonpeople.Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam'screations,“Istilldon’tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,”Chosetsays.16.Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Snakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfourdirections.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Chosetdidn’tbegindevelopinghisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingCarnegieMellon.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothersdeveloped.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Theapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgerieslesstime-consuming.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Zenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitinpigs.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TherobotictechnologyforsurgeriesonpeoplehasbroughtahandsomeMedrobotics.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案:16.A17.B18.A19.A20.C21.C22.C第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1～4段每段1選擇個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。Ecosystem1Theword“ecosystem”isshortforecological(生態(tài)的)system.Anecosystemiswherelivingcreaturesexpandwithinagivenarea.Youcansaythatanecosystemisthenaturalenvironmentwherebiologicalorganisms(生物)suchasplants,animalsandhumansco-existinthisworld.Sonaturallythatincludesyouandme.Yes,weareallmembersofanecosystem!2Therearedifferentkindsofecosystemsdependingonthetypeofsurfaceorenvironment.Mostarenaturallymadesuchastheoceanorlakeandthedesertorrainforest.Someareman-madeorartificialtoencourageco-habitation(興居)betweenlivingandnon-livingthingsinamonitoredenvironment,suchasazooorgarden.3Plantsmakeupthebiggestgroupofbiologicalcreatureswithinanecosystem,andthat'sbecausetheyarethenaturalfoodproducersforeveryone.Plantsraisedintheearthneedairandcollectsunlighttohelpthemgrow.Whentheygrow,theplantsanditsfruitsorflowerseventuallybecomeasourceoffoodtoanimals,microorganisms(微生物)andevenhumans,ofcourse.Foodisthenconvertedtoenergyfortherestofustofunction,andthishappensinanever-endingcycleuntilthelivingcreaturesdieandbreakupbackintheearth.4Ecosystemsarethebasisofsurvivalforalllivingthings.Wedependonplantsandanimalsforfood.Inorderforustoexist,weneedtogrowandcareaboutotherorganisms.Wealsoneedtocareforthenon-livingthingswithinourenvironmentlikeourairandwatersowecancontinuelivingasapopulation.Sinceplants,animalsandhumansareallofvariousspecies(物種),weallplayaroleinmaintainingtheecosystem.5Topreserveourecosystems,weshouldstopusingtoomuchenergy,whichhappenswhenweconsumemorethanourshareofresources.Humansshouldnotdisturbthenaturalhabitat(棲息地)ofplantsandanimals,andallowthemtogrowhealthilyforthecycletocontinue.Toomanypeopleinahabitatcanmeandisplacement(搬遷):Imaginebeingthrownoutofyourhomebecausethereisnomorespaceforeveryone.Worse,overpopulationcanalsoruintheenvironmentandcausedestructionofexistingplantsandanimals.23.Paragraph2_________24.Paragraph3_________25.Paragraph4_________26.Paragraph5_________A.Whatcanwedotohelpprotectecosystems?B.Whataredifferenttypesofecosystems?C.Whatisanecosystem?D.Whatdestroysecosystems?E.Howdoesanecosystemwork?F.Whyareecosystemsimportant?27.Inanecosystem,plants,animalsandhumanslivetogetherin_________.28.Plantsareessentialinanecosystembecausetootherlivingcreaturestheyare_________.29.Plants,animalsandhumansarealleffectivein_________.30.Toprotectourecosystemsweshouldnotusemorethan_________.A.ourshareofresourcesB.abiologicalcreatureC.agivenareaD.themaintenanceoftheecosystemE.thesourceoffoodF.variousspecies參考答案:23.B24.E25.F26.A27.C28.E29.D30.A第4部分：閱讀理解(第31~45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇EnergyandPublicLandsTheUnitedStatesboastssubstantialenergyresources.FederallandsprovideagooddealofUSenergyproduction;theUSDepartmentoftheInteriormanagesfederalenergyleasing(租賃)bothonlandandontheoffshoreOuterContinentalShelf.Productionfromthesesourcesamountstonearly30percentoftotalannualUSenergyproduction.In2000,32percentofUSoil,35percentofnaturalgas,and37percentofcoalwereproducedfromfederallands,representing20,000producingoilandgasleasesand135producingcoalleases.Federallandsarealsoestimatedtocontainapproximately68percentofallundiscoveredUSoilreservesand74percentofundiscoverednaturalgas.Revenuesfromfederaloil,gas,andcoalleasingprovidesignificantreturnstoUStaxpayersaswellasStategovernments.In1999.forexample,$553millioninoilandgasrevenueswerepaidtotheUSTreasury,andnon-Indiancoalleasesaccountedforover-$304millioninrevenues,ofwhich50percentwerepaidtoStategovernments.Publiclandsalsoplayacriticalroleinenergydelivery.Eachyear,federallandmanagersauthorize(許可)rightsofwayfortransmissionlines,railsystems,pipelines,andotherfacilitiesrelatedtoenergyproductionanduse.Alternativeenergyproductionfromfederallandsfallsbehindconventionalenergyproduction,thoughtheamountisstillsignificant.Forexample,federalgeothermal(地?zé)?resourcesproduceabout7.5billionkilowatt-hours(千瓦時(shí))ofelectricityperyear,47percentofallelectricitygeneratedfromUSgeothermalenergy.Thereare2,960windturbinesonpubliclandsinCaliforniaalone,producingelectricityforabout300,000people.Federalhydropower(水電)facilitiesproduceabout17percentofallhydropowerproducedintheUnitedStates.BecauseofthegrowingUSthirstforenergyandincreasingpublicuneasewithdependenceonforeignoilsources,pressureonpubliclandstomeetUSenergydemandsisbecomingmoreintense.Publiclandsareavailableforenergydevelopmentonlyaftertheyhavebeenevaluatedthroughthelanduseplanningprocess.Ifdevelopmentofenergyresourcesconflictswithmanagementoruseofotherresources,developmentrestrictionsorimpactmoderationmeasuresmaybeenforced,ormineralproductionmaybebannedaltogether.31Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Publiclandsareoneofthemainsourcesofrevenues.B.Publiclandsshouldbedevelopedtoeaseenergyshortage.C.Publiclandsplayanimportantroleinenergyproduction.D.Publiclandsstorehugeenergyresourcesforfurtherdevelopment.32WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofpubliclandsintheU.S.?A.HalfofUSenergyisproducedthere.B.Mostofcoalwasproducedfromtherein2000.C.Mostenergyresourcesarereservedthere.D.Themajorityofundiscoverednaturalgasisstoredthere.33Geothermalresources,windturbines,andhydropowerfacilitiesinParagraph4arecitedasexamplestoillustratethat_____.A.alternativeenergyproductionisnolessthanconventionalenergyproduction.B.theyarethemosttypicalconventionalenergyresourcesfrompubliclands.C.geothermalresourcesaremoreimportantthantheothertwo.D.theamountofalternativeenergyproductionfrompubliclandsishuge.34ThereisamountingpressureonpubliclandstosatisfyUSenergydemandsbecause_____.A.manyAmericansareunhappywithenergydevelopmentinforeigncountries.B.theU.S.isdemandingmoreandmoreenergy.C.quiteafewpubliclandsarebannedforenergydevelopment.D.manyAmericansthinkpubliclandsarebeingabused.35Publiclandscanbeusedforenergydevelopmentwhen_____.A.theygothroughthelanduseplanningprocess.B.energydevelopmentrestrictionsareeffective.C.federallandmanagersgrantpermissions.D.thereisenoughfederalbudget.參考答案:31.C32.D33.D34.B35.A第二篇WhenOurEyesServeOurStomachOursensesaren’tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat’sgoingonintheworld;they’reaffectedbywhat’sgoingoninourheads.Anewstudyfindsthathungrypeopleseefood-relatedwordsmoreclearlythanpeoplewho’vejusteaten.Psychologistshaveknownfordecadesthatwhat’sgoingoninsideourheadaffectsoursenses.Forexample,poorerchildrenthinkcoinsarelargerthantheyare,andhungrypeoplethinkpicturesoffoodarebrighter.RémiRadelofUniversityofNiceSophia-Antipolis,France,wantedtoinvestigatehowthishappens.Doesithappenrightawayasthebrainreceivessignalsfromtheeyesoralittlelaterasthebrain’shigh-levelthinkingprocessesgetinvolved?Radelrecruited42studentswithanormalbodymassindex.Onthedayofhisorhertest,eachstudentwastoldtoarriveatthelabatnoonafterthreeorfourhoursofnoteating.Thentheyweretoldtherewasadelay.Someweretoldtocomebackin10minutes;othersweregivenanhourtogetlunchfirst.Sohalfthestudentswerehungrywhentheydidtheexperimentandtheotherhalfhadjusteaten.Fortheexperiment,theparticipantlookedatacomputerscreen.Onebyone,80wordsflashedonthescreenforaboutl/300thofasecondeach.Theyflashedatsosmallasizethatthestudentscouldonlyconsciouslyperceive.Aquarterofthewordswerefood-related.Aftereachword,eachpersonwasaskedhowbrightthewordwasandaskedtochoosewhichoftwowordsthey’dseen—afood-relatedwordlikecakeoraneutralwordlikeboat.Eachwordappearedtoobrieflyfortheparticipanttoreallyreadit.Hungrypeoplesawthefood-relatedwordsasbrighterandwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisinperception,notinthinkingprocesses,Radelsays.“|Thisissomethinggreattome.Humanscanreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor.Fromtheexperiment,Iknowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposalofourmotivesandneeds,”Radelsays.36“Poorerchildren”and“hungrypeople”arementionedinParagraph2toshow_____.A.humans’sensesareinfluencedbywhat’sgoingonintheirheads.B.theyhavesharpersensesthanothers.C.theylosetheirsensesbecauseofpovertyandhunger.D.humans’sensesareaffectedbywhattheyseewiththeireyes.37TherewasadelayinRadel’sexperimentbecause_____.A.heneededmorestudentstojoin.B.hedidn’tprepareenoughfoodforthe42students.C.hewantedtwogroupsofparticipants,hungryandnon-hungry.D.hedidn’twanttohavetheexperimentatnoon.38Whydidthe80wordsflashsofastandatsosmallasizeonthescreen?A.Toensuretheparticipantwasunabletoperceiveanything.B.Toguaranteeeachwordcameoutatthesamespeedandsize.C.Toshortenthetimeoftheexperiment.D.Tomakesuretheparticipanthadnotimetothinkconsciously.39Radel’sexperimentdiscoveredthathungrypeople_____.A.weremoresensitivetofood-relatedwordsthanstomach-fullpeople.B.werebetteratidentifyingneutralwords.C.werealwaysthinkingoffood-relatedwords.D.saweverywordmoreclearlythanstomach-fullpeople.40ItcanbelearntfromwhatRadelsaysthat_____.A.humans’thinkingprocessesareindependentoftheirsenses.B.anexperimentwithhungryandnon-hungryparticipantsisnotreliable.C.humanscanperceivewhattheyneedwithoutdeepthinkingprocesses.D.42participantsaretoosmallanumberforaseriousinvestigation.參考答案:36.A37.C38.D39.A40.C第三篇TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens,aswellasothernobility,toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic,poetry,anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones,courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement,theywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changedtoflatshoes,andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance,himselfadevoteddancer,foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany,theBalletsRussees,broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants,GeorgeBalanchine,wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.41Thispassagedealsmainlywith_____.AfamousnamesinballetBRussianballetChowballethasdevelopedDwhyballetisnolongerpopular42Thewordpageantsinparagraph2means_____.AdancesBinstructorsCroyalcourtsDbigshows43Professionalballetwasfirstperformedin_____.AFranceBItalyCRussiaDAmerica44Whohadanimportantinfluenceonearlyballet?ABalanchine.BAntoinette.CLouisXIV.DDiaghilev.45Wecanconcludefromthispassagethatballet_____.AwillcontinuetochangeBisadyingartCiscurrentlyperformedonlyinRussiaDisoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining參考答案:41.C42.D43.A44.C45.A第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。ADoctorintheHouseBrushingyourteethtwiceadayshouldkeepthedentistaway.Butifagroupofscientificresearchershavetheirwish,itwillmaketherestofyourbodyhealthytoo.____46____Itisoneofmanygadgets(小裝置)proposedbyengineersanddoctorsattheCenterforFutureHealthinNewYork―othersincludeapairofglassesthathelptojogyourmemory,andahomecameradesignedtocheckforcancer.Thedevicesseemfanciful,butthebasicprinciplesaresimple.Thegadgetsshouldmakeiteasyforpeopletodetectillnesslongbeforeitstrikesandsoseektreatmentfarearlierthannormal.____47____Inthelongrun,thetechnologymayevenpreventillnessbyencouragingustoleadhealthierlives.Intelligentbandages(繃帶)areagoodexample.Powerfulsensorswithinthebandagecouldquicklyidentifytinyamountsofbacteriainawoundanddeterminewhichantibiotics(抗生索)wouldworkbest.____48____Socksarelongoverdueforamakeover.Inthefuturetheywillbeabletoautomaticallydetecttheamountofpressureinyourfootandalertyouwhenanulcer(潰瘍)iscomingup.Alltheprojectsshouldhavefar-reachingimplications,butthebiggestsingledevelopmentisamelanoma(黑瘤)monitordesignedtogiveearlywarningsofcancer.____49____Ifaproblemisfound,thesystemwouldadviseyoutogetacheck-upatyourdoctor’ssurgery.Ifallthissoundstroublesome,thenhelpisathand.____50____AstandardcomputerwouldbeabletounderstandyourvoiceandanswerquestionsaboutyoursymptomsInplainEnglishandinawaywhichwouldcalmyournerves.A.Expertsarealsoworkingona“digitaldoctor”completewithacomfortingbedsidemanner.B.Insteadofrelyingonhi-techhospitals,theemphasisisshiftedtothehomeandeasy-to-usegadgets.C.Thecutcouldthenbetreatedinstantly,soavoidingpossiblecomplications.D.Thatisgoingtobethedifficultpart.E.Thedevicecouldbeusedtotakeapictureofyourbodyeachweek,thencompareitwithpreviousimages.F.AtoothbrushthatchecksbloodsugarandbacteriawhileyoubrushiscurrentlyindevelopmentinUSA參考答案:46.F47.A48.C49.E50.B第6部分：完形填空(第51~65題,每題1分,共15分)閱讀下面的短文,文中有15處空白,每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng),請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案,涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。GiantStructuresItisanimpossibletasktoselectthemostamazingwondersofthemodernworldsinceeveryyearmore___51__constructionsappear.Herearethreegiantstructureswhichareworthyofour___52__althoughtheymayhavebeensurpassedbysomemorerecentwonders.ThePetronasTwinTowersThePetronasTowerswerethetallestbuildingsintheworldwhentheywerecompletedin1999.Witha___53__of452metres,the